Skull anatomy and positioning
What are the evaluation criteria for the Laterals
EAM superimposed, TMJ superimposed, orbital roof superimposed, sella turcica in profile
What line is perpendicular to the IR for Caldwell
OML
What line is perpendicular to the IR for the Towne
OML
what line is perpendicular to the IR for the PA
OML
What are the breathing instructions for skull imaging
Suspend
what landmark corresponds to the petrous ridges
TEA
what is the routine for skull imaging
Towne, Caldwell, PA, Right lateral, Left lateral
another name for the maxillary sinuses
antra of highmore
angle and shape of the mesocephalic skull
average, 47 degrees from MSP
another name for cranial bones
calvaria
What are the two divisions of the skull
cranial and facial
What structures are demonstrated on the PA
frontal bone
what structures are demonstrated on the Caldwell
frontal bone and supraorbital fissures
Where are the petrous ridges projected in the Caldwell image
in the lower 3rd of the orbits
angle and shape of the dolichocephalic skull
long, narrow deep and 40 degrees from MSP
what are the 4 paranasal sinuses
maxillary, sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid
What structures are demonstrated on the Towne projection
occipital bone, posterior clinoid process through the foramen
where is the sella turcica
on the sphenoid bone
name the cranial bones and say if they are paired or single
paired-parietal and temporal single- frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital
Where is the MSP in relation to the IR for the laterals
parallel
Where is IOML in relation to the IR for the laterals
parallel with the transverse axis of the IR
Where is the interpupillary line in relation to the IR for the Laterals
perpendicular
What is the angle of the CR if any and the exiting point
perpendicular exiting the nasion
What is the point of entry for the Laterals
perpendicular to 2 inches above EAM
What is the evaluation criteria for the Towne
posterior clinoid and dorsum sellae projected through the foramen magnum
what is the shape of the petrous portion
pyramid shaped
angle and shape of the brachycephalic skull
short, broad and narrow, 54 degrees from MSP
the names of the facial bones and whether they are paired or single
single-mandible and vomer paired- zygomatic, palatine, maxillary, nasal, lacrimal, inferior nasal conchae
what major bone is the sella turcica part of
sphenoid bone
what major bone had a mastoid process
temporal
what major bone has the petrous portion
temporal bone
where are the petrous ridges projected in the PA
they completely fill the orbits
What is the IR size and placement for the PA
10x12 LW
What is the size and IR placement for the Caldwell
10x12 LW
what is the IR size and placement for the Towne AP Axial projection
10x12 LW
how many facial bones are in the skull
14
What is the angle of the CR and the exit point
15 degrees caudal exiting the nasion
What point is the CR angled for the Towne
2 1/2 inches above the glabella through EAM
What is the size and IR placement for the Right and Left Laterals?
2-10x12 CW
what is the central ray angle to the OML for the Towne
30 degrees caudal
what is the CR angle to the IOML for the Towne
37 degrees caudal
what is the average angle of the orbits
37 degrees to MSP
the angle of the petrous portion is
47 degrees posterior
how many cranial bones are in the skull
8
