Sleep and Dreams Quiz - AP Psych

What are some ways people can improve their sleep?

- reg bed and wake time - cool room temp - turn off lights - keep room quiet - media and tech out of bedroom - lessen caffeine, alcohol, cigarettes - go do something boring out of bed if can't sleep

we spend about ______ of our life sleeping.

1/3rd

we seem to have a smaller period of sleep in the afternoon which begins _____ hrs after the middle of the main period of sleep

12

Americans sleep roughly _________________ less per night than they did 50 years ago.

2 hours

______ of American adults and _______ of adolescents are sleep deprived.

40%; 70%

Short sleepers consume ___________________ more per day than those who sleep enough.

500 calories

More than 40% of night shift workers sleep ________ hours or less per night.

6

It is estimated that up to ________ of people with sleep apnea are undiagnosed or untreated.

80%

most humans need _______ hrs of sleep, however, adults need a bit less sleep than children

9-10

one sleep cycle is about

90 mins

The Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (_____________) machine is the most common treatment for sleep apnea.

CPAP

_________________ is the single most common sleep disorder among adults.

Insomnia

_____________ is the most powerful synchronizer in virtually all living organisms to keep in sync with the 24-hour day.

Light

___________ content (remembered story-line) is a censored version of the dream's ____________ content (underlying meaning of dream)

Manifest; latent theory

_______________________ are momentary bouts of sleep that occur involuntarily and can last up to 5 or 10 seconds.

Microsleeps

sleep stages 1-3 are:

NREM sleep (non-REM sleep)

______ sleep is characterized by rapid eye movement, which indicates the person having dreams.

REM

All dream researchers believe we need REM sleep. When sleep deprived, and then allowed to sleep again, we show increased REM sleep. This tendency is called

REM Rebound

muscles are not paralyzed in REM as they should be, allowing person to act out their dreams (usually the vivid, violent, intense dreams)

REM behavior disorder (RBD)

How does REM sleep differ from Non-REM sleep?

REM: dreams Non-REM sleep: brain going thru memories of the day and deciding which to keep; contains deepest phases of sleep

In what major incidents do experts believe sleep deprivation played a role?

Staten island ferry crash, Exxon Valdez oil spill, 3 mile island nuclear meltdown

True or false: Almost all mental illnesses have associated sleep problems.

True

Sigmund Freud suggested that dreams provide a safety valve to discharge unconscious wants & desires

Wish Fulfillment dream theory

suggests that in the brain engages in a lot of random neural activity. Dreams make sense of this random activity (because the brain doesn't like randomness) a) dreams are the brain's interpretations of its own activity b) So... they mean NOTHING!

activation-synthesis theory

What is one of the reasons that adolescents are chronically sleep deprived?

adolescents school start times in contrast their biological clocks

After reaching the deepest stage (3), the sleep cycle starts moving __________ toward stage 1. Although still asleep, the brain engages in low amplitude, fast, and regular beta waves, much like awake-aroused state.

backward

The _____________ is a 24-hour cycle that tells the body when to sleep and regulates many other natural processes.

circadian rhythm

some researchers argue that we dream as a part of brain maturation and cognitive development

cognitive development

How are the amygdala and frontal cortex related to sleep deprivation?

controls emotions; when we are tired it is severed

__________ are usually story-like unfolding mental imagery - most commonly have some degree of likeness to daily activities, yet tend to be more bizarre and unrealistic.

dreams

What are some of the side effects of zolpidem?

drowsiness, dizziness, memory loss, and abnormal thoughts and behaviors

______________ influence how exactly much sleep we need.

genetics

cicadian rhythms are controlled by the

hypothalamus, specifically the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Science has shown that short or disrupted sleep weakens the ____________ ______________, part of the body's system to combat or control _____________.

immune system; cancer

dreams may help sift, sort, and fix day's experiences in our memories

information processing theory

an inability to fall or to stay sleep even if you're tired

insomnia

_______ signals to the SCN to tell the pineal gland to stop release of melatonin ... in darkness SCN no longer sends messages, increasing melatonin levels and sleepiness

light

A NASA study has shown that __________ improve on-the-job performance of military pilots by 34% and ____________________ by 100%.

naps; alertness

Those with _____________ experience sleep attacks that usually last up to 5 minutes or less ... this can mean lapsing directly into REM sleep for some people

narcolepsy

overpowering urge to fall asleep that may occur while talking or standing up

narcolepsy

sudden arousal from sleep and intense fear accompanied by physiological reactions (occurs usually during 1st sleep cycle of the night)

night terrors

light signals travel up the ________ _________, signaling to the SCN and pineal gland to stop producing melatonin (keeps us asleep)

optic nerve

REM is considered ___________ sleep because the brain is almost as active as being awake, but the body is paralyzed.

paradoxical

rem sleep - ______________ sleep

paradoxical

How is sleep deprivation related to diabetes?

people who sleep during the day due to night work develop bodies that don't metabolize as well

Dreams provide sleeping brain with periodic stimulation to develop and preserve mental pathways. Neural networks of newborn are fast developing therefore need more sleep

physiological function theory

Sleep theory 4: sleep and growth - During sleep, _________ gland releases growth hormone. Older people release less of this hormone and sleep less

pituitary

Sleep theory 1: sleep ________ - Sleeping in the darkness when predators loom kept our ancestors safe

protects

Sleep theory 2: sleep _______________ - Sleep helps restore and repair brain (& body) tissue

recuperates

Sleep theory 3: sleep helps ______________ - Sleep restores & builds fading memories

remembering

The most common prescription sleep medicates for insomnia are _____________ _____________ such as Ambien and Lunesta and their generic counterparts zolpidem and eszopiclone.

sedative hypnotics

is a problem with collapsing the airway and you breathe harder to compensate for the loss of air

sleep apnea

you can't make up sleep; once its gone its gone. like a bank

sleep deprivation

blank stare, move about in a slow/automatic manner and may try to eat, dress, or go to the bathroom in the wrong place while still sleeping

sleepwalking

Technical name of sleepwalking is

somnambulism

Which stage of sleep is just drifting to sleep, may experience fantastic images or auditory hallucinations, mix of alpha and theta waves?

stage 1

Which sleep stage is more relaxed, clearly asleep - sleep spindles (short bursts of brain activity)

stage 2

In which sleep stage does sleepwalking occur?

stage 3

Which sleep stage is the deepest sleep, hard to awaken ... only occurs during the first few cycles of the night, characterized by large delta waves

stage 3

What are some ways your body and brain are benefited by sleep?

support learning and memory, help creativity & emotions, refreshes cardiovascular system, regulates glucose, boosts immune system

____________________ ________ receives input from the eyes & is especially sensitive to the light dark cycles of day and night

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Students in school that have later start times have higher _______________________, lower rates of _________________, and up to ______ fewer car crashes.

test scores; depression; 70%

Do people sleeping together sleep better or worse than sleeping apart?

worse