Sleep (copied)
Which question would the nurse include during a sleep assessment? "Do your parents have sleep problems?" "Are you tired or sleepy most of the day?" "What kind of clothing do you wear to bed?" "Do you have cardiovascular health problems?"
"Are you tired or sleepy most of the day?" Asking open-ended questions, such as whether a patient is sleepy or tired most of the day, is a good way to enlist information about the patient's sleep. Parents' sleep problems and cardiovascular health problems are not part of a focused sleep assessment. Clothing conducive to sleep is according to individual preference and hard to compare between patients as a potential problem for sleep.
A patient who has congestive heart failure is currently being treated with medications that include furosemide, digoxin, and warfarin. The patient states, "I am going to try to take melatonin to help me sleep." Which response would the nurse make? "It is not safe to take melatonin with warfarin." "It is not safe to take the melatonin with digoxin." "It is not safe to take melatonin with furosemide." "Take the melatonin one hour prior to going to bed."
"It is not safe to take melatonin with warfarin." Melatonin should be avoided in a patient taking warfarin. The patient should be instructed to notify the health care provider prior to taking any additional medication, including over-the-counter medications. Melatonin may be taken with furosemide or digoxin. The nurse should not instruct the patient on when to take melatonin because it is not safe to combine these medications.
For how many days must a patient have experienced insomnia before it is considered chronic insomnia? Three 14 30 90
90 Chronic insomnia persists for 90 days (i.e., three months) or longer. Acute insomnia refers to difficulties falling or remaining asleep for less than a month. A patient with acute insomnia has difficulty in falling asleep for more than three nights a week for less than a month.
How will the nurse document a patient's difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep at least three nights per week for less than a month resulting in fatigue and poor concentration? Dementia Wake behavior Acute insomnia Chronic insomnia
Acute insomnia Difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep at least three nights per week for less than a month resulting in fatigue and poor concentration is known as acute insomnia. Dementia is a loss of thinking, remembering, and reasoning skills. An integrated network of arousal systems from the brainstem and forebrain maintains wake behavior. Chronic insomnia is defined by the same symptoms lasting for three months or longer.
Which interventions are nonpharmacologic ways to promote rest and reduce fatigue? Select all that apply. Melatonin Aromatherapy Sleep hygiene Antidepressants Cognitive behavioral therapy
Aromatherapy Sleep hygiene Cognitive behavior Nonpharmacologic interventions to promote rest include sleep hygiene, aromatherapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Melatonin is an alternative pharmacologic therapy, and antidepressants are a traditional drug therapy.
A patient has acute insomnia. Which information would the nurse include in teaching the patient? Select all that apply. Avoid exercise near bedtime. Consume coffee after dinner. Take long naps in the afternoon. Avoid consuming alcohol at bedtime. Sleep in a clean room without any bright lights.
Avoid exercise near bedtime. Avoid consuming alcohol at bedtime. Sleep in a clean room without any bright lights. Exercising near bedtime may cause fatigue in the patient and prevent the patient from sleeping. Insomnia can be perpetuated by drinking alcoholic beverages around bedtime and should be avoided. Keeping the room clean facilitates good sleep. Also, making the room completely dark will help induce sleep and regulate the sleep/wake cycle. Taking long naps in the afternoon may make the patient less sleepy at night. Consuming caffeine around bedtime disturbs sleep and should be avoided.
A patient admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) has sleep apnea. Which measure would the nurse take to reduce sleep disturbances on the unit? Keep the ventilator alarms in the ICU off. Do not conduct any patient care activity in that area. Avoid scheduling procedures and medications near sleep time. Switch off all the lights in the patient's room and the neighboring rooms.
Avoid scheduling procedures and medications near sleep time. Scheduling procedures and medications near sleep time may prevent the patient from sleeping. Keeping the ventilator alarms off is not feasible and can be detrimental to the patient's health. It is impractical to switch off all the lights in the patient's room and the neighboring rooms.
Which factors interrupt sleep and reduce melatonin levels for a patient in the intensive care unit? Inactivity and boredom Bright lights on day and night Noises from ventilator alarms Staff conversations near patients
Bright lights on day and night Bright lights during the night interrupt sleep and reduce melatonin levels, both of which disturb sleep. Inactivity and boredom, noises from ventilators and infusion alarms, and staff conversations near patients all lead to interrupted sleep, but these do not reduce melatonin levels.
Which information would the nurse inquire about when assessing a patient's sleep problems? Select all that apply. Food preferences Caregiver burden Personal sleep habits Environmental factors Self-report of sleep quality
Caregiver burden Personal sleep habits Environmental factors Self-report of sleep quality Sleep assessment helps the patient identify sleep patterns and factors that affect a patient's sleep quality. Family caregivers may have sleep disruptions from the need to provide care to patients in the home. Examining personal sleep habits can help identify sleep patterns and measure quality. Environmental factors, like room temperature and noise level, also affect sleep patterns and quality. A self-reported sleep journal can provide insight into sleep patterns. Food preferences are not included in a sleep assessment but may be included in a general health assessment or a nutritional assessment.
Which action will facilitate sleep for a patient in the intensive care unit (ICU)? Give the patient a back rub. Keep the lights on during the day. Talk to the patient when the patient wakes up at night. Check the night vital signs and administer treatments at the same time.
Check the night vital signs and administer treatments at the same time. Combining patient care activities to avoid frequently disturbing the patient's sleep will help the patient get more sleep and thus be less irritable. A back rub may help the patient relax, but keeping the lights off in the room at night and only talking to the patient if the patient wants to talk will best facilitate sleep.
patient reports an inability to sleep after working the night shift. Which recommendation would the nurse make to promote a normal circadian cycle? Use a bright light during early mornings. Darken the room completely when sleeping. Reduce the number of hours working night shift. Work a rotational shift instead, alternating between day and night.
Darken the room completely when sleeping. Light is the strongest cue for the human sleep-wake cycle. When the patient keeps the room dark during daytime, the brain secretes melatonin, which makes the person sleepy. Using bright lights during early mornings may cause the sleep-wake cycle to move to an earlier time and interfere with sleep. Having a rotational shift will increase the problems because the body will have to adjust to different rhythms regularly. Reducing the number of night shifts will also prevent the body from adjusting to a new sleep-wake cycle.
A patient who has a long history of insomnia is admitted to a hospital with severe joint pain. Which sleep-related symptoms would the nurse expect to observe in the patient? Select all that apply. Difficulty falling asleep Difficulty remaining asleep Feeling sleepy and tired during the day Difficulty waking up and sleeping for a long time Waking up too early and not feeling refreshed after sleep
Difficulty falling asleep Difficulty remaining asleep Feeling sleepy and tired during the day Waking up too early and not feeling refreshed after sleep Insomnia is a condition with many causative factors and is characterized by reduced sleep. The patient has difficulty falling asleep and remaining asleep. As a result, the patient may take a long time to fall asleep. Due to inadequate sleep, the patient feels sleepy during the day and tired frequently. The patient does not feel refreshed after sleep. Even if the patient sleeps, the sleep is for a short time.
The patient reports difficulty sleeping while in the hospital. Which actions can the nurse take to promote a restful night of sleep? Select all that apply. Draw blood during the night. Leave infusion alarms on high. Dim the light at the head of the bed. Provide adequate pain management. Monitor vital signs every four hours.
Dim the light at the head of the bed. Provide adequate pain management. The lights should be dimmed since too much light contributes to poor sleep in hospitals. Adequate pain management can also improve sleep. If possible, the nurse should limit drawing blood to daytime hours. The nurse should lower any infusion alarms rather than leaving them on high. If possible, the nurse should limit monitoring vital signs at night to avoid waking the patient.
Which principle about sleep for older adults guides planning their care? Drug therapy should be used conservatively. Older adults require less sleep than younger adults. Cognitive-behavioral interventions are less effective for older adults. Patient teaching should focus on accepting age-related changes in sleep cycles.
Drug therapy should be used conservatively. Drug therapy for sleep difficulties should be used conservatively in older adults. They do not necessarily need less sleep, and cognitive-behavioral therapies should still be used. Changes in sleep cycles do accompany aging, but teaching should focus on addressing rather than simply accepting these changes.
Which condition often disrupts nocturnal sleep with excessive daytime sleep? Arthritis Alzheimer's disease End-stage kidney disease Chronic fatigue syndrome
End-stage kidney disease End-stage kidney disease manifests as disrupted nighttime sleep and excessive daytime sleep. Patients with arthritis have increased rates of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). A patient with Alzheimer's disease has SDB and sleep apnea. A patient with chronic fatigue syndrome has co-morbid insomnia and increased rates of SDB.
Which sleeping pattern is associated with advanced age? Experiencing shorter sleep time Requiring less sleep Experiencing increased sleep efficiency Sleeping soundly through the night
Experiencing shorter sleep time Older adult patients commonly experience shorter total sleep time. They require the same amount of sleep as younger patients, have decreased, not increased, sleep efficiency, and experience more, not fewer, awakenings throughout the night.
Which preventive measures would the nurse suggest to the patient who is a frequent traveler and often experiences jet lag disorder? Select all that apply. Try reading in bed until sleepy. Spend more time in bed to get sleep. Expose oneself to daylight at the destination. Get accustomed to destination time before travel. Keep home-based sleep hours if stay is less than two days.
Expose oneself to daylight at the destination. Get accustomed to destination time before travel. Keep home-based sleep hours if stay is less than two days. The nurse should ask the patient to expose himself or herself to daylight at the destination to help synchronization of the body clock to the new time. The patient could also try to get accustomed to the destination time a few days before travel. However, if the destination stay will be less than two days, the patient should try to keep home-based sleep hours. Reading in bed and spending more time in bed do not promote sleep hygiene.
For which sleep disturbances are individuals who work night shift at risk? Select all that apply. Fatigue Insomnia Sleepiness Narcolepsy Sleep apnea
Fatigue Insomnia Sleepiness Patients who work night shifts are at risk for insomnia, sleepiness, and fatigue. Sleep apnea and narcolepsy are not directly related to working the night shift.
Which findings are manifestations of insomnia? Select all that apply. Fatigue Irritability Fragmented sleep Nonrestorative sleep Difficulty maintaining sleep
Fragmented sleep Nonrestorative sleep Difficulty maintaining sleep Fragmented sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, and nonrestorative sleep are manifestations of insomnia. Fatigue and irritability are the consequences, not manifestations, of insomnia.
In which way would the nurse describe experiencing fragmented sleep? Inability to initiate sleep Less than the recommended amount of sleep Amount of sleep required to be alert the next day Frequent awakenings that interrupt sleep continuity
Frequent awakenings that interrupt sleep continuity Fragmented sleep refers to frequent awakenings that interrupt sleep continuity. Dyssomnia is the inability to initiate or maintain sleep. A person is said to have insufficient sleep if he or she receives less than the recommended amount of sleep, which is seven to eight hours in 24 hours. Adequate sleep is the amount of sleep required to be fully awake and alert the next day.
The nurse is teaching sleep hygiene to a patient with a sleep disorder. Which statements would the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply. Go to sleep when you feel sleepy. Practice deep-breathing exercises. Take a warm bath before sleeping. Keep a light on in the bedroom at night. Drink a cup of coffee in the late afternoon. Perform physical exercise just before sleeping.
Go to sleep when you feel sleepy. Practice deep-breathing exercises. Take a warm bath before sleeping. The nurse encourages the patient to sleep if he or she feels sleepy because it may take longer to fall asleep when he or she is active. Deep-breathing exercises relieve the patient from stress and provide relaxation. Taking a warm bath before sleep will help the patient relax and feel sleepy. Keeping the room lit at night will keep the patient active and discourage sleep. The nurse does not recommend drinking coffee in the late afternoon because caffeine intake can have a residual effect for several hours. Performing vigorous physical activity before going to bed may retard the onset of sleep. Therefore the nurse should encourage the patient to avoid doing exercise six hours before going to bed.
A patient who works the night shift reports having trouble sleeping after getting home from work and taking diphenhydramine daily for several months. Which assessment finding could be an anticholinergic side effect of diphenhydramine? Recurrent diarrhea Impaired cognitive function Increased urinary frequency Increased intraocular pressure
Impaired cognitive function An anticholinergic side effect that may occur as a result of regularly taking an antihistamine is impaired cognitive function. Constipation, not diarrhea, is an anticholinergic side effect of antihistamines. Increased urinary frequency is not an anticholinergic side effect of antihistamines; rather, urinary retention is a side effect. Intraocular pressure decreases, not increases, as an anticholinergic side effect.
Which patient conditions are associated with insufficient sleep and sleep loss? Select all that apply. Increased body mass index Increased insulin resistance Increased oxygen saturation Impaired cognitive functioning Increased risk of cardiovascular disorders
Increased body mass index Increased insulin resistance Impaired cognitive functioning Increased risk of cardiovascular disorders Insufficient sleep and sleep disorders are associated with changes in body function and health problems. Impaired cognitive function and impaired performance on simple behavioral tasks occur within 24 hours of sleep loss. The effects of sleep loss are cumulative. Individuals who report fewer than six hours of sleep a night have a higher body mass index and are more likely to be obese. Sleep deprivation in healthy persons increases insulin resistance. People with sleep disorders are at increased risk for cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension, dysrhythmias, and coronary artery disease. Increased oxygen saturation is not associated with insufficient sleep.
A patient reports having difficulty sleeping. How will the nurse expect this to affect the patient's experience of pain? Increased sensitivity and increased tolerance of pain Increased sensitivity and decreased tolerance of pain Decreased sensitivity and increased tolerance of pain Decreased sensitivity and decreased tolerance of pain
Increased sensitivity and decreased tolerance of pain A patient with difficulty sleeping may also exhibit an increased sensitivity to pain with a decreased tolerance of pain. Lack of sleep decreases, not increases, pain tolerance. It also increases, not decreases, sensitivity.
Which condition is associated with difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, and feeling tired after waking up in the morning? Anxiety Insomnia Narcolepsy Obstructive sleep apnea
Insomnia Insomnia is manifested by difficulty in falling asleep, frequent awakenings, waking up too early, and feeling unrefreshed after awakening. Anxiety clinically manifests as difficulty falling asleep, palpitations, dry mouth, and shortness of breath. Narcolepsy is associated with brief episodes of sleep paralysis, cataplexy, and hallucinations. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with frequent arousal during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, and episodes of apnea.
Which condition is consistent with poor sleep quality and quantity? Insomnia Sleep apnea Circadian rhythms Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep
Insomnia People with insomnia report an overall dissatisfaction with sleep quality and quantity. Sleep apnea is a condition in which the patient briefly stops breathing multiple times while asleep. Circadian rhythms are controlled by internal clocks in environments free of time cues; these are also not abnormal conditions. REM sleep is a stage during effective sleep cycles; it is not an abnormal condition
Which change in body function is an effect of insufficient sleep? Irritability Calmness Decreased risk for obesity Decreased insulin resistance
Irritability Insufficient sleep is associated with changes in body function, such as behavioral changes including irritability and moodiness, rather than calmness. Insufficient sleep is not associated with a decreased risk for obesity; it is instead associated with an increased risk for obesity. Insufficient sleep is also associated with increased insulin resistance, not decreased insulin resistance.
A patient who regularly travels for business asks the nurse if it is safe to take melatonin to sleep during long flights. What is the most important question for the nurse to ask when consulting with this patient about the use of melatonin? Is the patient taking an anticoagulant? Is the patient predisposed to indigestion? Does the patient have any food or drug allergies? How much caffeine does the patient drink daily?
Is the patient taking an anticoagulant? Melatonin has been found to fight jet leg but may increase bleeding risk. The nurse should ask if the patient is taking an anticoagulant before recommending melatonin. The nurse should ask about digestive issues, drug allergies, and caffeine intake before suggesting any herbal supplement, but these are not the most vital considerations when taking melatonin.
Which factors may contribute to making errors when an individual begins working night shift? Select all that apply. On-site napping Job-related stress Poor job satisfaction Insomnia and fatigue Just returned from vacation
Job-related stress Poor job satisfaction Insomnia and fatigue Switching to night shift work can cause a patient to experience shift work sleep disorder and have increased sleep debt. Job-related stress, poor job satisfaction, and insomnia and fatigue can all contribute to frequent errors at work. If possible, on-site napping can improve sleep debt and reduce errors at work. Just returning from vacation may have helped provide some time off and rest.
Which stimulus is the strongest cue for human sleep/wake rhythms? Light Sound Hunger Temperature
Light The circadian rhythm is controlled by internal clock mechanisms. This 24-hour cycle of sleep is synchronized to the environmental light and dark periods. The synchronization occurs through specific light detectors in the retina, which is a part of the eye. Therefore light is the strongest cue for the circadian cycle. Temperature, sound, and hunger do not regulate the sleep/wake rhythm cycle.
Which intervention is a component of cognitive behavioral therapy used to treat chronic insomnia? Prescribing medication to induce sleep Limiting the time a patient can stay in bed Keeping the bedroom quiet, dark, and warm Encouraging the patient to drink wine before bed
Limiting the time a patient can stay in bed Using cognitive behavioral therapy with a patient to treat chronic insomnia includes limiting the time a patient can stay in bed. Using pharmacotherapy to induce sleep is not part of cognitive behavioral therapy, which does not involve medications. Cognitive behavioral therapy includes teaching a patient about sleep hygiene, which includes keeping the bedroom quiet, dark, and cool, and avoiding alcohol.
A nurse plans teaching related to sleep hygiene habits for a patient who has difficulty sleeping. Which information would the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply. Make the bedroom quiet and dark. Follow a regular sleep-and-wake cycle. Take sleeping pills at night to fall asleep. Do a relaxing activity before going to bed. Avoid strenuous physical exercise before bed.
Make the bedroom quiet and dark. Follow a regular sleep-and-wake cycle. Do a relaxing activity before going to bed. Avoid strenuous physical exercise before bed. Making the room quiet and dark prevents any distraction and helps with sleep. Following a regular sleep-and-wake cycle synchronizes the circadian rhythm of the body. Doing relaxing activity makes the person calm and improves sleep. Strenuous exercise may cause fatigue and prevent the person from sleeping. Sleep hygiene actions should be implemented before using sleeping pills whenever possible.
Which information about the rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep phase would the nurse consider while observing patients who are sleeping? Most vivid dreams occur during REM sleep. REM sleep accounts for 50% of the night's sleep. A patient will have 8 to 10 REM sleep cycles each night. The patient can initiate muscle movement during REM sleep.
Most vivid dreams occur during REM sleep. The nurse knows most vivid dreams occur during REM sleep. A patient will have 4 to 6, not 8 to 10, REM sleep cycles each night, accounting for 20% to 25% of sleep, during which the patient cannot initiate muscle movement.
Which class of drugs has a short half-life to reduce daytime drowsiness and is effective to use for up to six months? Antihistamines Antidepressants Benzodiazepines Non-benzodiazepines
Non-benzodiazepines Non-benzodiazepines are effective to use for up to six months and have a short half-life to reduce daytime sleepiness. Antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and antihistamines may all cause daytime sleepiness.
A patient reports an uncontrollable urge to sleep and sometimes falls asleep during the day. What diagnostic tests does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for this patient? Select all that apply. Serum serotonin levels Serum melatonin levels Polysomnography (PSG) Electrocardiogram (ECG) Multiple sleep latency tests (MSLTs)
Polysomnography (PSG) Multiple sleep latency tests (MSLTs) An uncontrollable urge to sleep and falling asleep during the day are indicative of narcolepsy. The tests performed to diagnose narcolepsy include PSG and MSLTs. PSG is used to record the sleep architecture. MSLT includes an overnight PSG evaluation, followed by four or five naps scheduled every two hours during the next day. Results suggestive of short sleep latencies and onset of REM sleep in two MSLTs are diagnostic of narcolepsy. Electrocardiograms help to assess cardiac function. Serotonin and melatonin are neurotransmitters involved in the sleep-wake cycle but are not helpful in diagnosing narcolepsy.
Which sleep hygiene practice would the nurse teach the patient who reports sleepiness and inability to concentrate at work? Select all that apply. Practice relaxation breathing. Make the bedroom quiet, dark, and cool. Avoid watching TV or talking on the phone in bed. Have a warm cup of coffee an hour before going to bed. Go to bed at a fixed time each day, even if you are not sleepy.
Practice relaxation breathing. Make the bedroom quiet, dark, and cool. Avoid watching TV or talking on the phone in bed. The nurse should tell the patient to practice relaxation breathing. The bedroom should be made dark, quiet, and cool to promote sleep. The patient should avoid watching TV or talking on phone in bed. Caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol should not be consumed at least four to six hours before bedtime. The patient should not to go to bed unless sleepy.
A hospitalized patient is preparing for sleep. What tasks can the nurse delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)? Select all that apply. Providing a back massage Planning the bedtime routine Providing sleep medications as needed Teaching the patient sleep hygiene measures Reducing the light and noise in the patient's room
Providing a back massage Reducing the light and noise in the patient's room The nurse may delegate nursing functions of patient care not related to planning, teaching, or providing medications. This includes providing a back rub and reducing light and noise in the patient's room. Planning a bedtime routine, patient education about sleep hygiene, and administering sleep medications are all out of the scope of UAP and are part of the nurse's responsibility.
Which strategy has been identified to prevent stress and fatigue related to night shift work? Using melatonin regularly Paying attention to sleep hygiene Consuming caffeinated beverages prior to work Scheduling a sleep period before going to work
Scheduling a sleep period before going to work For a night shift worker, scheduling a sleep period just before going to work increases alertness and vigilance, improves reaction times, and decreases accidents during night shift work. Regular use of melatonin to enhance sleep may not contribute to alertness. Attention to sleep hygiene is important, but keeping good sleep hygiene habits may not be possible due to the nature of shift work. Relying on caffeine to relieve symptoms of fatigue does not address the issue of sleep.
Which method is used to diagnose insomnia? Self-report Actigraphy Polysomnography Electroencephalography (EEG)
Self-report The diagnosis of insomnia is based on self-report of difficulty falling or remaining asleep. Actigraphy measures gross motor activity. Polysomnography with EEG is used to diagnose other sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea.
A patient reports difficulty sleeping. In which order would the nurse implement the following interventions? Melatonin at bedtime Self-reported sleep log Good sleep hygiene habits Cognitive behavioral therapies
Self-reported sleep log Good sleep hygiene habits Cognitive behavioral therapies Melatonin at bedtime The nurse should first conduct a full assessment, including asking the patient for a self-reported sleep log. Next, the nurse should provide patient education on positive sleep hygiene methods adapted from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The nurse can provide advance care with stress reduction or cognitive behavioral strategies if better sleep hygiene habits do not help. Finally, over-the-counter melatonin is scientifically shown to reduce the time to fall asleep if other measures are not working.
hich average number of sleep hours in a 24-hour time period is needed for a healthy life? Three hours Seven hours Nine hours 10 hours
Seven hours Ideally, a healthy adult should have seven to eight hours of sleep a night. Individuals who sleep more than nine hours and less than six hours may be predisposed to various health risks.
Which recommendation would the nurse provide for a patient who reports insomnia? Melatonin Sleep hygiene practices Over-the-counter sleep aids A beverage containing alcohol
Sleep hygiene practices Sleep hygiene practices are effective in the management of insomnia and should be the first line of therapy. Melatonin may be helpful for jet lag but has a short duration of action. Over-the-counter sleep aids may lead to tolerance or have anticholinergic side effects. Although the sedative effects of alcohol help people fall asleep, alcohol suppresses rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and causes restlessness and awakenings later in the night.
Which are nondrug collaborative therapies that are likely to be prescribed for a patient who has insomnia? Select all that apply. Physiotherapy Chemotherapy Melatonin therapy Sleep hygiene therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
Sleep hygiene therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) Sleep hygiene therapy is a behavioral practice aimed at promoting quality sleep. This method is used in the treatment of insomnia. Cognitive behavioral therapy is used in the treatment of insomnia. It involves using aids like relaxation techniques, sleep restriction, and cognitive therapy. Physiotherapy is a method in which a disease, an injury, or a deformity is treated with the help of a physical method like massage and exercise. Physiotherapy will not benefit a patient with insomnia. Chemotherapy involves the use of cytotoxic drugs for the treatment of cancer. Melatonin is a chemical substance released from the pineal gland and is responsible for sleep. It can be given as a supplement for the treatment of insomnia.
The nurse is caring for a patient with a sleep disorder. For which complications is the patient at increased risk? Select all that apply. Stroke Obesity Hypotension Impaired immune function Decreased insulin resistance
Stroke Obesity Impaired immune function Sleep disorders are associated with stress and increases in sympathetic neurotransmitters, causing increased heart rate and a risk for stroke. Sleep disorders contribute to obesity, impair the immune system, and increase the risk of infection. Sleep disorders increase BP and cause hypertension. Sleep disorders increase insulin resistance and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Which outcome indicates that a patient has had adequate sleep? Incorrect The patient slept for seven hours. The patient awoke at night only twice. The patient achieved an unconscious state. The patient was awake and alert the next day.
The patient was awake and alert the next day. If the patient is fully awake and alert the next day, the patient received adequate sleep. A person lacks conscious awareness during sleep but is not unconscious. Quantity of sleep needed varies and does not necessarily translate to quality. Awakening several times at night does not indicate the adequacy of the sleep.
Which characteristics describe normal sleep? Select all that apply. The state in which individual can be aroused easily A loosely organized state similar to coma The state in which pain sensitivity decreases A quiet state in which there is little brain activity A lack of conscious awareness of the environment
The state in which individual can be aroused easily A lack of conscious awareness of the environment Sleep is a state in which an individual can be aroused easily but lacks conscious awareness of environmental surroundings. Sleep is distinct from unconscious states, such as coma, in which the individual cannot be aroused. Being in a state similar to a coma or a state in which pain sensitivity decreases are not characteristics of sleep. The brain is still active while asleep.
Which information in a patient's history indicates that it would be unsafe for the patient to take melatonin to prevent jet lag? Select all that apply. Type 2 diabetes Odd sleep patterns Frequent overseas travel Antiseizure medications Central nervous system depressants
Type 2 diabetes Antiseizure medications Central nervous system depressants Melatonin should not be taken with antiseizure medication and central nervous system depressants. It should also be used cautiously in patients with diabetes. Melatonin is recommended to be used in patients with jet lag and to decrease sleep latency. Therefore, a history of travel and a history of odd sleep patterns may not affect the treatment.
A nurse who usually works the day shift is scheduled to work the night shift. Which action would the nurse take to sleep during the day? Make the bedroom warmer. Use room darkening window shades. Drink warm tea at the end of the shift. Exercise at the gym before going home to sleep.
Use room darkening window shades. Light is the strongest time cue for the sleep-wake rhythm. Darkening the room will help the hypothalamus to adjust to this change in sleep pattern. Measures to facilitate sleep include a quiet, cool room, no caffeine intake four to six hours before bedtime, and avoiding exercise for six hours before bedtime. Scheduling sleep and then waking time to just before going to work may also increase alertness and vigilance at work.
Which herbal supplement is used both as a sleep aid and to treat anxiety? Ginger Valerian Feverfew Cranberry
Valerian Valerian is an herbal supplement that has anxiolytic action and is used for the treatment of anxiety in addition to a sleep aid. Ginger is useful in the treatment of morning sickness. Feverfew prevents migraine headache. Cranberry may be used in the prevention of urinary tract infections.