SMALL ANIMAL CH. 8
Blunt trauma to the spinal cord causes tissue injury through both _______ and _______ mechanisms.
"direct" and "indirect"
Idiopathic, acute facial nerve paralysis has been reported in adult dogs and cats *The cause of this condition is unknown.
(>5 years).
The congenital form of megaesophagus makes up about ??% of all cases
25%
3. In the absence of deep pain following a spinal cord injury for greater than 48 hours, the prognosis is: a. Poor b. Guarded c. Good d. Excellent
A
Seizures usually begin between __ and __ years of age. A.1 and 3 b. 4 and 2 c. 2 and 6 d. 1 and 5
A
Approximately 50% of these cases are idiopathic in nature, whereas 25% may actually be the result of focal myasthenia gravis or Addison disease.
Acquired megaesophagus
9. Phenobarbital takes ________ days to reach an adequate concentration in the blood. Until this time animals may continue to exhibit seizure activity. a. 2-3 b. 7-10 c. 21-30 d. 18-24
B
Idiopathic vestibular disease stabilize a. slow b. rapidly
B
1. Which of the following is a false statement concerning intervertebral disk disease? a. The severity of spinal cord injury depends on the speed at which disk material is deposited into the spinal canal. b. The severity of spinal cord injury depends on the degree of spinal cord compression. c. The severity of the spinal cord injury is related to the weight of the animal. d. The severity of the spinal cord injury is related to the duration of compression.
C
4. Cervical spondylomyelopathy (Wobbler syndrome) is seen primarily in: a. Golden Retrievers b. Toy Poodles c. Dobermans d. Cocker Spaniels
C
5. Until proven otherwise, animals with alteration of voice or laryngeal paralysis should be suspected of: a. Brucellosis b. Leptospirosis c. Rabies d. Aspergillosis
C
6. Which of the following diseases does not include the sign of ascending flaccid paralysis? a. CHP b. Tick paralysis c. Embolic ischemic myelopathy
C
Dogs or Cats appear to be resistant to tick paralysis?
Cats
The animal may drag it toes
Cervial spondylomyelopathy
Trauma
Clinical signs •History of trauma to the head •Seizures •Blood in ears, nose, oral cavity •Ocular hemorrhage •Loss of consciousness or a decrease in responses to external stimuli •Signs of shock, cardiac arrhythmias, altered respiratory patterns, coma
Megaesophagus
Clinical signs: •Regurgitation of undigested food •Respiratory signs: cough, dyspnea, drooling, pneumonia •Lack of growth or weight loss
what can lead to irreversible coma and death if not treated aggressively. ?
Continual seizures for a prolonged period (>5-10 minutes)
CHP ?
Coonhound paralysis
racoon bites can lead to
Coonhound paralysis
2. What percentage of intervertebral disks is estimated to be degenerative in a chondrodystrophic breed by 1 year of age? a. 30% b. 5% c. 45% d. 75%
D
7. Which of the following is not included in the treatment for tick paralysis? a. Manual removal of all the ticks on the animal b. Supportive care c. Chemical products for tick removal d. Antibiotics
D
8. Which of the following would not be a cause of megaesophagus in the dog? a. Congenital disease b. Lead poisoning c. Metabolic dysfunction d. Atlantoaxial subluxation
D
What disease is seen primarily in the German Shepherd and German Shepherd mixed breed dogs
Degenerative myelopathy
____________ results when bacteria or fungi become implanted in the bones of the vertebral column]
Discospondylitis
10. Which of the following diagnostic examinations would be of least value in determining a cause for seizures in an older animal? a. CBC, serum chemistries b. Ophthalmic examination c. CSF evaluation d. MRI e. Radiography
E
what disease is an acute disorder of both dogs (middle-aged) and cats?
Idiopathic vestibular disease
The neurologic disease _____ involves a lack of effective esophageal peristalsis, resulting in dilation of the esophagus and Regurgitation of Undigested Food. The congenital form makes up about 25% of all cases and is common in
Megaesophagus ,
Cervical spinal cord compression as a result of caudal vertebral (C5-C7) malformation or misarticulation occurs in large-breed dogs, predominantly Great Danes (males) and Doberman Pinschers (Summers 154)
Summers, Alleice. Common Diseases of Companion Animals, 3rd Edition. Mosby, 112013. VitalBook file. Cervical spondylomyelopathy (wobbler syndrome)
In the United States,the common dog tick Dermacentor variabilis can cause
Tick paralysis
Acquired megaesophagus may occur in animals of ____ age
any
Cases of polyneuropathy have been reported in dogs and cats with?
diabetes mellitus
Increased ICP is caused by both ______ and _____ in or around the brain
edema , hemorrhage
What disease is more common in castrated male dogs and cats appear to be more frequently affected compared with female and non-neutered animals.
idiopathic laryngeal paralysis
Idiopathic vestibular disease n cats, is seen most frequently during?
late spring, summer, and early fall
Acquired laryngeal paralysis can occur from
lead poisoning, rabies, trauma, and inflammatory infiltrates of the vagus nerve.
the right side of the brain controlling the ________ side of the body
left
The axons of neurons may be covered by a lipid coating, called ____?
myelin
Ischemic myelopathy caused by fibrocartilaginous embolism most commonly
occurs in large breed/ giant breed dogs -between the ages of 1 and 9 years.
Treatment of head trauma _____ involves or _____ the secondary effects of trauma.
preventing , decreasing
Myelinated nerve fibers conduct impulses ____ while unmyelinated fibers are much ______.
rapidly, slower
Idiopathic epilepsy is a syndrome characterized by
repeated episodes of seizures for which no demonstrated cause exists.
Animals prone to seizures may exhibit _______ ______, which is a medical emergency.
status epilepticus
________ brain injuries are encountered frequently.
traumatic
The congenital form of megaesophagus usually becomes evident around _____time when puppies begin eating solid foods.
weaning
Atlantoaxial subluxation is seen most frequently in _________ toy and miniature breeds of dogs
young (<1 year)
