Smartbook Ch 15

Which of the following are key factors that lead to sustained success?

A culture that empowers and motivates employees A strategy that is focused on customers

What is the technology life cycle?

A predictable pattern that technical innovations follow.

Which of the following are key factors that lead to sustained success?

A strategy that is focused on customers A culture that empowers and motivates employees

Companies that take the current industry structure and its future evolution, as "givens" are known as .

Adapters

______ are companies that take the current industry structure and its future evolution as givens.

Adapters

Which of the following strategies are common to world-class companies?

Applying new research and knowledge Operating at high standards

Which of the following could be a disruptive innovation?

Business model Product Service

How can managers make sure technology improves workers' lives and reaches its potential?

By training workers to control the technology

Which of the following are accurate statements about collaboration and competition?

Collaboration is not going to completely take the place of competition. Competitors will often become collaborators. Competition has both beneficial and harmful aspects.

A development project is an intense organizational push to do what?

Create a new product or process based on technological innovation.

Identifying crises and opportunities is the element of leading change called ______.

Establishing a sense of urgency

Which sentences accurately describe the technology life cycle?

Eventually product development slows and the market gets saturated. In the middle of the cycle, a dominant design becomes prominent. Its early stages can be slow while companies experiment with products.

What are the four key factors that lead organizations to sustained success?

Execution includes good people with the authority to make decisions. Strategy should be focused on customers. Culture should motivate and empower. Structure should make the organization easy to work in.

Which of the following statements accurately describe first-mover advantages?

First-movers are able to find the best niche markets. First-movers can protect their technology by using patents. First-movers can charge higher prices because they have little competition.

Which of the following statements accurately describe first-mover advantages?

First-movers can charge higher prices because they have little competition. First-movers can protect their technology by using patents. First-movers are able to find the best niche markets.

How does followership affect companies?

Followers can avoid costs and risks by observing the actions of leaders. Technology followership affects different companies in different ways.

In regard to the ability to cope with a changing environment, which of the following characteristics of small start-up businesses are often lacking in larger corporations?

Individual creativity Shared leadership Individual responsibility

How can being a first-mover be a disadvantage to a company?

It is expensive for first-movers to develop products based on new technology.

Which of the following statements are true concerning how managers should integrate new technology into the workplace?

It may be wise to change HR practices when new technology is introduced. Managers should make sure technology serves the workers.

Which idea should you keep in mind to guide you as you move into the future?

Keeping a long-term perspective while addressing short-term issues is the best approach.

Which two categories make up the largest percentage of technology adopters?

Late majority Early majority

Which of the following strategies do leading authors on career management advise?

Look for positions that stretch you Develop marketable skills Make career choices based on personal growth

Which of the following statements is true about educating people about upcoming changes?

Management should educate people before the changes occur.

Which of the following are disadvantages of being a first-mover?

Many new products require the development of expensive complimentary products. Buyers need to be educated about the new technology. New technology can make the company's existing products undesirable.

What are the most common reasons that innovation fails to generate profits in business?

Money being spent on the wrong things Lack of coordinated efforts Unwillingness to take risks

Which of the following strategies are common to world-class companies?

Operating at high standards Applying new research and knowledge

Using behavioral science throughout the system to improve an organization's effectiveness is known as ______

Organization development

What is the term for using behavioral science throughout the system to improve organizational effectiveness?

Organization development

World-class organizations do which of the following?

Produce high-value merchandise Adopt effective new strategies Abandon outdated methods

Which type of firm has executives who give considerable priority to developing and exploiting technological expertise?

Prospector

What are the three basic stages to manage resistance during a change in the workplace?

Refreezing Moving Unfreezing

What basic rules from the 3M company are often copied to encourage innovation?

Research and development are strongly supported. The company's efforts are directed toward serving customers. Instead of blocking what employees are trying to do, the company helps its team succeed.

What graphical representation represents the adoption of a typical new technology?

S-shape

Which characteristics are essential to the success of enduringly great companies?

Strong core values Continuous change Strong goals, including stretch goals

What is the result of the high profits often made by first-adopters?

The ability to attract customers with low prices.

What feature does technology followership share with technology leadership?

The ability to support both low-cost and differentiation strategies.

An apparel manufacturer wants to develop a technology for a temperature-regulating textile that adjusts automatically to the wearer's body temperature, but the manufacturer is not sure whether such a textile can be developed. What is the company unsure about?

The innovation's technical feasibility

Which of the following are reasons for people to resist change within an organization?

Timing Inertia Surprise

______ organizational change involves introducing and sustaining multiple policies practices and procedures across multiple units and levels.

Total

True or False: In many industries, the primary sources of new technology are the organizations that use it.

True

What are the three basic stages of implementing change within an organization?

Unfreezing, instituting the change, and refreezing

Which beliefs are examples of "tyranny of the or"?

You can be conservative or bold. You can invest in the future or do well short term.

Although they are useful for keeping discipline and productivity in a company, the administrative personnel that form a company's ______ typically inhibit innovation.

bureaucracy

The main job of a(n) ______ structure is to maintain orderliness and productivity, which restricts innovation.

bureaucratic

Honestly assessing the reasons behind your successes and failures, constantly analyzing issues and possible solutions, and taking action to make your plans come to fruition are ways to improve your competitive advantage through ________ learning.

continuous

_______ means expanding your horizons by exploring, discovering, and taking action to improve yourself throughout your career.

continuous learning

A ______ is an organization's concentrated attempt to create a new product or process through the use of technological innovations.

development project

In some cases, new technology can completely change the rules of competition within an industry. Technology in those cases is often called a ______ innovation because companies can falter if they fail to respond with effective innovations of their own.

disruptive

Sony Betamax was technologically superior to VHS, but VHS became more popular, and Betamax was discontinued due to poor sales. Betamax had issues with ______.

economic viability

______ tells whether there is a good financial incentive for adopting a technological innovation.

economic viability

An effective approach to managing resistance and enlisting cooperation from employees is _______.

educating and communicating with the employees

A(n) ______ devises new products or finds ways to revise old products.

entrepreneur

Which term describes someone who invents new products or finds ways to revise old products?

entrepreneur

Establishing a sense of urgency in leading change means ______.

examining current realities and pressures in the marketplace

What is the main thing a company must allow if innovation is to thrive?

failure

Assessing the limitations of a technology is known as determining the technological ______ of the innovation.

feasibility

Sometimes employees resist change because they feel comfortable and happy doing things the old way. This is called ______.

inertia

Successfully managing change requires shared

leadership

Companies that excel at solving problems, seeking and finding new approaches, and sharing new knowledge with all members of an organization are called ______ organizations.

learning

The generic strategy in which an organization's advantage comes from being able to sell products at lower prices than its competitors is referred to as a(n) ______ strategy.

low cost

Which strategy lets a company maintain an advantage by being less expensive than its competitors?

low cost

The first thing to consider when developing a strategy around a technological innovation is __________ potential.

market

When developing a strategy around technological innovation, managers should first consider ______ potential.

market

Categorizing technologies as base, key, pacing, or emerging is an effort to ______.

measure competitive value

Creating the future, rather than simply responding to events as they occur, is dependent on ______ change.

proactive

Executives in ______ firms are more concerned about the opportunity costs of not taking action than they are about the potential to fail.

prospector

An accounting firm gets the most up-to-date computer software at a discount from an online vendor. This is an example of obtaining new technology through ______.

purchase

______ change is characterized by the presence of pressure as an impetus.

reactive

Leading authors on career management advise that individuals must actively manage their own careers by developing marketable skills, choosing careers based on learning opportunities, and ________.

seeking environments that provide training assessing personal strengths and weaknesses

The systematic application of scientific knowledge to any product, process, or service is called ______.

technology

___________ is the systematic application of scientific knowledge to yield products, processes, or services.

technology

The process of identifying which technologies are most important for an organization is called a(n) ______.

technology audit

Companies that have achieved long-term greatness tend to care most about competing with ______.

their own past successes

Introducing and sustaining numerous policies, practices, and procedures across numerous units and levels is referred to as ______ change.

total organizational

The belief that things must be either A or B and cannot be both, and that only one goal and not another can be attained is referred to as ______.

tyranny of the or