Smartbook Chapter 2

A multicultural study of more than 5,000 individuals indicated that sensation seeking increases from ______ to ______ years of age.

11; 19

During adolescence, girls gain an average of pounds in one year, whereas boys gain approximately pounds.

18, 20

The growth spurt associated with puberty occurs, on average, ______ years earlier for girls than for boys.

2

Baxter has entered the adolescent growth spurt. During this period, he will grow about inches per year.

4

According to recent statistics, ______% of adolescents get inadequate sleep on school nights (less than 8 hours).

45

Research indicates that ______% of body weight is gained during adolescence.

50

Low-birth-weight girls experience menarche approximately ____ to ____ months earlier than normal-birth-weight girls.

5; 10

The federal government recommends a minimum of minutes per day of moderate to vigorous exercise.

60

In girls, changes in the adrenal glands occur from about ______ to ______ years of age.

6;9

Janessa is an African American girl. According to findings on ethnic differences in the United States, at what age is Janessa likely to enter the gonadarche period?

8 to 9 years of age

For which of the following is an adolescent most likely to seek health care?

A concern related to disease

Which of the following statements about health in adolescence and emerging adulthood is true?

Although emerging adults know what it takes to be healthy, they often don't apply this information to their own behavior.

According to research on trends in adolescent sleep patterns, which teenager is likely to get the least amount of sleep?

Andrew, who is 17 years old

When do the changes involved in adrenarche occur?

At the beginning of puberty

A research review found that increased fruit and vegetable consumption by adolescents was linked to which of the following family factors?

Availability of fruits and vegetables in the home Parents who consume fruits and vegetables

Identify all of the following hormones that influence growth during puberty.

Cortisol Testosterone Estrogen

What are major barriers to better health care for adolescents?

Cost Availability Poor organization

What is the complex molecule, shaped like a spiral staircase, that contains genetic information?

DNA

According to research on sociocultural factors that contribute to pubertal timing, which of the following individuals is likely to reach puberty at the earliest age?

Desiree, who lives in a large urban city

(Early/Late) -maturing girls are at greater risk for mental health problems.

EArly

Mrs. and Mrs. Shelvin want to support healthy behavior in their 17-year-old son, Demetrius. Which of the following strategies is supported by research?

Encourage exercise by setting aside time for the family to visit the gym three times a week.

Mr. and Mrs. Thompson are the parents of 4-year-old Ryder. They want to encourage Ryder to be physically fit though elementary school into adolescence. Which of the following strategies should you recommend?

Enroll Ryder in a sport.

is primarily secreted from ovaries in girls.

Estradiol

Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of adaption, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors?

Evolutionary psychology

Studies of adolescent women in the United States have shown that which of the following lead to a poorer body image of themselves?

Exposure to attractive female celebrities on Instagram Heavier use of social media More time on Facebook

Follicle development in females and sperm production in males is stimulated by hormone.

FSH, follicle-stimulating, or FS

True or false: Risk taking tends to decrease in adolescence.

False

True or false: The thyroid gland releases gonadotropins that stimulate the testes and ovaries.

False

Levels of sex hormones are regulated by which of the following hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?

Follicle-stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone

In a study comparing adolescents in 28 countries, which of the following foods were U.S. and British adolescents most likely to eat?

Fried food

Zack is 14 and he eats well and exercises regularly. Research shows that this behavior will help to delay or prevent which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Heart disease Certain diseases Disability caused by stroke

Which of the following neighborhood characteristics are linked with lower levels of adolescent risky behavior? (Select all that apply.)

Higher number of churches and synagogues Higher number of schools

______ are the powerful chemicals secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream.

Hormones

What are benefits associated with exercise in adolescence?

Improved concentration Healthy weight Lower blood pressure

What would be typical goals for educational intervention to help improve an adolescent's health?

Increase the amount of exercise the adolescent gets Reduce the adolescent's violent behavior Teach skills that lead to more health-enhancing behavior

In males, the pituitary gland's production of ______ stimulates the testes to produce testosterone.

LH

According to research findings on body fat and puberty, which of the following girls may not menstruate?

Leah, who is anorexic

Maci entered puberty at age 10, whereas her cousin Jaiden didn't start puberty until age 14. Which girl is at greater risk for delinquency and early sexual activity?

MAci

A girl's first menstrual period is also known as .

Menarche

Calvin and Dawn are the parents of 16-year-old Anson. They want to reduce the likelihood that their son will engage in risk-taking behaviors. Which of the following suggestions should you give them?

Monitor Anson's activities and set rules.

Research has shown that peer crowd affiliation is related to adolescents' exercise habits. Which of the following teenagers is most likely to participate in regular exercise?

Phil, who is affiliated with "jocks"

Which of the following marks the beginning of adolescence?

Puberty

Based on the findings of a recent national study, which of the following adolescents would be the most likely to participate in a sport?

Theo, an African American boy

Programmed into the genes of every human being is the for the emergence of puberty.

Timing

True or false: Both males and females produce androgens and estrogens.

True

Which of the following are types of screen-based activity?

Watching TV Using computers Instant messaging Texting

On average, adrenarche occurs ______.

about one year later in boys than in girls

The leading cause of death in adolescence and emerging adulthood is

accidents.

A recent national study found that _______ were much more likely than ______ to engage in 60 minutes or more of vigorous exercise per day.

adolescent boys; adolescent girls

Which factors can make adolescents vulnerable to negative outcomes? (Select all that apply.)

adolescents' lack of self-regulatory control the failure of parents and teachers to monitor adolescents' behavior the inclination of adolescents to engage in risk-taking behavior

One reason that adolescents engage in risky behavior is that

adults decrease their monitoring of adolescents too early.

The is the main structure of the brain that is involved in emotion.

amygdala

Throughout puberty, rising testosterone levels in boys are associated with which of the following?

an increase in height voice changes development of external genitals

Individuals tend to ______ as they reach and progress through adolescence.

become less active

Hormones are carried throughout the body by the .

bloodstream

Rising estradiol levels in girls contributes to which of the following?

breast development skeletal changes uterine development

The threadlike structures in the nucleus that carry hereditary information in the form of DNA are called ______.

chromosomes

Parental monitoring and skills are linked to a lower level of adolescent risk taking.

communication

, a hormone that is secreted by the adrenal cortex, influences growth.

cortisol

African American females enter puberty (earlier/later) than Latina and non-Latino females.

earlier

One concern about the eating habits of adolescents is their tendency to

eat between meals.

The main class of female sex hormones are called .

estrogens

Tara is classified as obese. Compared to her normal-weight peers, Tara will likely

experience an earlier onset of menarche.

True or false: Screen-based activity is associated with higher levels of physical fitness.

false

One study showed that eating regular meals was linked to healthy eating habits five years later.

family

Which early experiences predict earlier pubertal onset? (Select all that apply.)

father absence family conflict adoption

Research indicates that children and adolescents are likely to engage in physical activity when they

feel safe.

Exposure to the Internet and social media are increasing body dissatisfaction, especially among

female adolescents

(Most/Few) health care providers receive special training in working with adolescents.

few

Maria has just experienced menarche. This means that Maria

had her first menstrual period.

Kevin just experienced spermarche. In other words, Kevin

had his first ejaculation of semen.

What do many adolescents take for granted that leads them to develop poor health habits? (Indicate all that apply.)

high levels of energy high levels of physical strength good health

In general, which of the following groups uses health services the least?

high school males

Studies have shown that (higher/lower) weight is linked to earlier pubertal development.

higher

The onset of puberty involves the activation of the -- .

hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis

If the level of sex hormones rises too high, the _______ and pituitary gland reduce their stimulation of the gonads, decreasing the production of sex hormones.

hypothalamus

The ______ is a structure in the higher portion of the brain that monitors eating, drinking, and sex.

hypothalamus

The prefrontal cortex matures much (earlier/later) than the amygdala.

later

Adolescents who engage in regular exercise were found to experience which outcome?

lower blood pressure

(Males/Females) are mainly responsible for the higher mortality rate of emerging adults.

males

Some scientists have suggested that the onset of is influenced by the percentage of body fat in relation to total body weight.

menarche

In recent years, scientists have begun to conduct ______ studies in an attempt to identify specific genes that are linked to the onset and progression of puberty.

molecular genetic

Emerging adults have ______ the mortality rate of adolescents.

more than twice

Compared with adolescents, emerging adults engage in (more/less) ______ health compromising behaviors and ______ likely to have chronic health problems, be obese, or have a mental health disorder.

more; more

The evolutionary process by which the best-adapted individuals of a species survive and reproduce is called ______ selection.

natural

As the environment changes, some species adapt in a way that helps them survive and reproduce, while other species do not adapt well and die. This process is called

natural selection.

In females, LH and GnRH regulate the and the production of .

ovaries, estrogen

Children and adolescents benefit when parents engage in regular exercise and are .

physically fit

Through interaction with the hypothalamus, the gland secretes hormones that lead to growth and skeletal maturation either directly or through interaction with the thyroid gland.

pituitary

Shawna started puberty at age seven and had her first menstruation at eight-and-one-half years of age. Shawna's pubertal development is known as puberty.

precocious

The very early onset and rapid progression of puberty is called

precocious puberty.

The later development of the ______ combined with the earlier maturity of the amygdala may explain why younger adolescents are more prone to risky behavior.

prefrontal cortex

is the period of rapid physical growth and hormonal changes during early adolescence that prepares the body for reproduction.

puberty

One form of health-compromising behavior that increases in adolescence is .

risk, behavior

One study found that _____ predicted early onset of menarche.

severe child sexual abuse

Low-birth-weight boys are at risk for ______ during adolescence.

small testicular volume

In one study, a higher level of , such as the number of high school diplomas, predicted lower rates of adolescent risky behavior.

social capital

A boy's first ejaculation of semen is called .

spermarche

What are the three leading causes of death in adolescence and emerging adulthood?

suicide accidents homicide

Testosterone is primarily secreted from the ______ in boys.

testes

Gonadarche involves

the maturation of ovaries in females. the appearance of pubic hair. the maturation of testes in males.