SOC 101 Exam 3
Removal of a minority group from a territory, either by forcible ejection through military and other government action or by "voluntary" emigration due to the majority's harassment, discrimination, and persecution.
expulsion
______ is the removal of a group from a territory that may seem relatively benign because minorities are not purposely injured or killed in the majority's efforts to get rid of them.
expulsion
removal from land
expulsion
Which type of family involves two or more generations of a family living in the same household or in proximity to one another?
extended family
T/F: Nation-based ethnic identity has increased over time.
false
T/F: Pluralism occurs when a minority group takes on the characteristics of the dominant group and leaves its old ways behind.
false
structural/functionalism
family fosters order
What term describes the increasing number of women who are being channeled into low-status, poorly paid manual work?
female proletarianization
Which describes the increasing number of women who are channeled into low-status, poorly paid manual work?
female proletarianization
Lack of sufficient access to safe and nutritious food.
food insecurity
Which of the following routinely happens during periods of ethnic cleansing?
forcible removal of ethnic group
_____ is a cultural term, connected to societal definitions of expected behaviors, attitudes, and personalities, which may be reflected in terms such as "woman" or "man."
gender
internal sense of gender
gender identity
Why do scholars think "rape culture" is so prevalent around college campuses?
gender imbalances, age, presence of alcohol and drugs, lack of supervision
What term best characterizes the social presentation of gender, which includes clothing, hairstyle, and attitudinal and behavioral traits?
gender role
social presentation of gender
gender roles
a range of gendered identities
genderqueer
An active, systematic attempt to eliminate an entire group of people.
genocide
systematic attempt at elimination
genocide
systematic elimination of a group
genocide
bottom billion
global north
invented minority groups
global south
cenogamy
group marriage
Which of the following factors can help explain the increasing global mobility of borderless diseases?
growth of human migration
The dominant form or most idealized vision of masculinity; taken for granted as natural and linked to the patriarchy.
hegemonic masculinity
The subordination of one race (or other group) by another, based more on dominant ideas, especially about cultural differences, than through material constraints.
hegemony
domination through ideas
hegemony
The belief that heterosexuality is superior to other sexual orientations; individual and institutional discrimination against those with other orientations.
heterosexism
A cultural belief system in which men are expected to desire and seek sex from whomever, whenever, while women are expected to be sexual only within committed, romantic relationships.
heterosexism double standard
Which term describes a cultural belief system in which men are expected to desire and seek sex from whomever, whenever, while women are expected to be sexual only within committed, romantic relationships?
heterosexual double standard
Studies have shown that boys tend to get called upon more in class and as a result, they tend to monopolize course discussion. This is likely because their school's ______ has fostered a sense of competitiveness.
hidden curriculum
What is the term for the buying and selling of humans as products?
human trafficking
A law or judicial ruling that classified persons with even one nonwhite ancestor, or a nonwhite ancestor within a certain number of generations, as black or colored.
hypodescent rule
Why is actress Halle Berry, who is the offspring of a White mother and an African American father, considered Black and/or African American instead of half-White or half-Black?
hypodescent rule
Which of the following is a factor that contributes to the globalization of sexuality?
increased mobility
Which of the following is a collective identity or power movement?
indigena
A model of marriage emphasizing the satisfaction of the individuals involved.
individualized marriage
Which type of marriage was in response to cultural shifts in the 1960s?
individualized marriage
The predominant model of marriage in the early twentieth century; emphasizes maintenance of the institution of marriage itself.
institutional marriage
"systemic" within society
institutional racism
Race-based discrimination that results from the day-to-day operation of social institutions and social structures and their rules, policies, and practices.
institutional racism
The confluence, or intersection, of various social statuses and the inequality and oppression associated with each in combination with others; the idea that members of any given minority group are affected by the nature of their position in other systems or other forms of social inequality.
intersectionality
Which term best captures people who are a part of multiple minority groups?
intersectionality
position in society
intersectionality
A general term used for a variety of medical conditions in which a person is born with reproductive or sexual anatomy that does not seem to fit the typical definitions of male or female.
intersex
What term describes the exertion of power over a partner in an intimate relationship through behavior that is intimidating, threatening, harassing, or harmful?
intimate partner violence
close personal and domestic relationship
intimate relationship
Which of the following is a contributor to poor physical and mental health among adults living in poor living conditions?
living in unhealthy urban neighborhoods
female proletarianization
low paying industries
A group in a dominant position along the dimensions of wealth, power, and prestige.
majority group
A population in which more than 50 percent of the members are part of a minority group.
majority-minority population
legal union
marriage
symbolic interactionism
meaning making
A field concerned with the social causes and consequences of health and illness.
medical sociology
Which specialty area within sociology is concerned with the social causes and consequences of health and illness?
medical sociology
The process of labeling and defining aspects of life as medical problems that were not previously so labeled and defined.
medicalization
______ is the process of labeling and defining aspects of life as medical problems that were not previously so labeled and defined.
medicalization
A group in a subordinate position in terms of wealth, power, and prestige.
minority group
Marriage between two individuals, whether one wife and one husband, two wives, or two husbands.
monogomy
feminization of labor
more women working
Statistically speaking, which person in a child's life is most likely to be the perpetrator of the maltreatment of an infant and young children?
mother
polyandry
multiple husbands
polygamy
multiple spouses
polygyny
multiple wives
Which of the following has worked in large to the advantage of Global Northerners and to the disadvantage of Global Southerners?
neoliberalism
A family with two married adults and one or more children.
nuclear family
______ is a form of malnutrition that is caused by an excessive intake of nutrients, especially calories.
obesity
Which of the following is a characteristics of a pure relationship?
partners remain as long as each derives enough satisfaction
A kind of love typified by sudden onset, strong sexual feelings, and idealization of the one who is loved.
passionate love
feminist theory
patriarchy suppresses women
The coexistence of many groups without any of them losing their individual qualities.
pluralism
coexistence of groups
pluralism
Marriage (of a wife) to multiple husbands.
polyandry
Marriage to multiple spouses.
polygamy
Marriage (of a husband) to multiple wives.
polygyny
feminization of poverty
poverty of women and children
Negative attitudes, beliefs, and feelings toward minorities.
prejudice
negative attitude or belief
prejudice
When compared to other groups, the sociological definition of "majority" refers to groups that have more wealth, power, and _____.
prestige
While laws and regulations about sexuality differ from place to place, there are globally applied sexuality laws to prevent ______.
the sexual exploitation of children
Who is most likely to abuse the elderly?
their adult children
gender differs from assigned sex
transgender
T/F: Most hate groups in the United States are White supremacist movements.
true
T/f: Races are often considered ethnic groups, and ethnic groups are often considered races.
true
______ is a form of malnutrition involving an inadequate intake of nutrients, calories, vitamins, and minerals.
undernutrition
Which of the following is TRUE of discrimination?
unjust treatment of minorities
If a group decides to leave an area because its members are being harassed, discriminated against, and persecuted, this is called ______.
voluntary expulsion
leaves on own volition
voluntary expulsion
Which of the following actions suggests reflexivity?
wearing sunscreen
A ______ includes an array of racist images, powerful racial emotions, and various inclinations that discriminate against minorities.
white racial frame
An array of racist ideas, racial stereotypes, racialized stories and tales, racist images, powerful racial emotions, and various inclinations to discriminate against minority races, especially blacks.
white racial frame
racist ideas, emotions, and stories
white racial frame
Prejudices that cause people to reject, exclude, and vilify groups who are outsiders or foreigners to the dominant social group.
xenophobia
Racism can be seen as a subtype of _____, which means "fear of strangers."
xenophobia
vilification of minority groups
xenophobia
A set of socially constructed ideas about "model womanhood" organized around accommodating the interests of men and the patriarchy.
emphasized femininity
Taylor feels like she must be the perfect wife and mother, so she is sure to get dinner on the table every night before husband gets home. Since she feels like this is something she must do, this is an example of ______.
emphasized femininity
Marriage to someone with similar characteristics in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, education level, social class, and so on.
endogamy
Which term describes a marriage to someone with similar characteristics in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, education level, social class, and so on?
endogamy
relationship of similar people
endogamy
The establishment by the dominant group of policies that allow or require the forcible removal of people of another ethnic group.
ethnic cleansing
policies of removal and/or murder
ethnic cleansing
Groups typically defined based on some cultural characteristic, such as language, religion, traditions, or cultural practices.
ethnic groups
What term is used to denote people who share the same cultural characteristics, such as language, religion, traditions, or cultural practices?
ethnicity
Marriage to someone with characteristics that are dissimilar in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, education level, social class, and so on.
exogamy
relationship of dissimilar people
exogamy
What term describes the increasing participation of women in the labor force?
Feminization of labor
Which of the following would be considered a hate group?
KKK
What percentage of medical degrees in 2018 were earned by women?
48%
According to the World Health Organization, how many people die each year from direct tobacco use?
6 million
According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE about the relationship between globalization and families?
Characteristics such as cultural or religious differences matter less to family formation today than they did in the past
What country is the world's biggest market for cigarettes?
China
T/F? A majority of elder abuse is perpetrated by staff in residential facilities.
False
T/F? About 90% of cosmetic surgical procedures in the United States are undergone by men.
False
T/F? According to Andrew Cherlin, we are experiencing the "deinstitutionalization of American marriage," which means people are rejecting marriage because they do NOT want the State involved in their relationship.
False
T/F? Half of all U.S. marriages end in divorce.
False
T/F? Migrant labor has a negative impact on the living conditions of the Global North.
False
T/F? Passionate and companionate love are clearly distinguished from one another.
False
T/F? People completing the U.S. Census questionnaire have always been allowed to identify officially with two or more races.
False
T/F? The United States spends less of the percentage of its GDP on health care than any other country in the world.
False
T/F? The body is a major concern in sociology.
False
T/F? The tradition nuclear family remains the dominant type of marriage.
False
T/F? Transgender is a general term used for a variety of medical conditions in which a person is born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn't seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male.
False
Which of these is an effect of global conflict on the family?
Family members may be forced to flee to other countries.
Which statement is true of globalization and LGBTQ people?
Globalization has functioned to both push and pull LGBTQ people from Global North and Global South.
Which country ranked the highest for life expectancy in 2016?
Japan
Please put the following events in order from oldest to newest.
Jim Crow laws dismantled, passage of Civil Rights Act, passage of Voting Rights Act, creation of power movements
According to the 2010 U.S. Census, places like California, Texas, Hawaii, and New Mexico are considered a majority-minority population. What does this mean?
More than 50% of the population is part of a minority group.
Put the following milestones in order from oldest to most recent.
New York Stonewall bar riot, birth of modern LGBTQ movement, Transgender Day of remembrance, US military allows trans troops
How is the concept of appearance culture related to the economy?
People in the United States spend hundreds of billions of dollars on cosmetics, fitness, and clothing each year.
Jamal, an African American man, has earned top marks at his university, but when he returns home his friends joke that he is a "sell out" and "lacks street cred." What term best describes what is happening among his friends?
They are judging him under a white racial frame
Which of the following is true of the structural-functionalist view of the family?
They explain that one of the functions of the family is to control sexual behavior.
Which social condition is related to coronary heart disease in women?
They have stressful household responsibilities.
According to Andrew Cherlin, which of the following factors is influential in the deinstitutionalization of marriage?
Traditional norms about the roles of men and women in marriage are eroding.
Exchange theorists tend to think marriage will be more rewarding than remaining single or becoming involved in other kinds of intimate relationships.
True
T/F? A strong self of self-efficacy can be helpful for someone recovering from a heart attack.
True
T/F? An intimate relationship involves partners who have a close, personal, and domestic relationship with one another.
True
T/F? Communities vary in the probability of sexual assault and the effectiveness of legal, social, and moral constraints on the kinds of behaviors that often lead to such violence.
True
T/F? Consumers-patients can comparison shop for medical care on the Internet in the same way they shop for hotels and airfares.
True
T/F? Heterosexual was once a medical term meaning "morbid sexual passion for one of the opposite sex."
True
T/F? In the United States, we socialize people into the binary gender system through our social institutions and then channel them into differently valued activities, attributes, and pursuits.
True
T/F? Many Whites are antiracist, and large numbers of them embrace other races.
True
T/F? Masculinities and femininities can be detached from biological sex, the body, and gender.
True
T/F? Medicalization involves a tendency to exaggerate the ability of medicine to deal with certain phenomena or syndromes.
True
T/F? Men are more likely than women to be killed or wounded in warfare.
True
T/F? Migrant women can be held as debt hostages by recruitment agencies until their transportation and placement fees are paid.
True
T/F? National hostilities, religious differences, and even great geographic distances matter less to family formation today than they did in the past.
True
T/F? One in seven women have been stalked by an intimate partner in their lifetime.
True
T/F? Patients are becoming more active and aggressive consumers of physician services.
True
T/F? Poor people in less developed countries sell organs not critical to their lives, which are then transported to developed countries and implanted into well-to-do recipients.
True
T/F? Symbolic interactionism focuses on the meanings attached to identities, roles, and social relationships, treating meaning as socially constructed.
True
T/F? The Global South is limited to the flow of new information due to few professionals being involved in the networks of medical and health-related personnel.
True
T/F? The United States is the world leader in the adoption of children from other countries, while very few American children are adopted elsewhere.
True
T/F? The United States ranks low in cohabitation among developed countries.
True
T/F? The nature of work can be considered a risky behavior.
True
T/F? The terms gay, lesbian, and transsexual, as well as the idea that they refer to identities, are exports from the Global North.
True
T/F? There is no clear line between the body and the brain.
True
T/F? While globalization has aided sexual minorities, it has also facilitated the spread of homophobia and other forms of prejudice and discrimination.
True
T/F? Women and children tend to be among the most vulnerable populations globally due to economic inequality and poor access to health care.
True
T/F? Women earn less than men in every medical specialty, including fields in which they are the majority, such as pediatrics.
True
Which organization monitors globally applied sexuality laws like those protecting children from sexual exploitation?
UNICEF
What country is the world's largest exporter of cigarettes?
United States
Which of the following is true of borderless diseases?
Zika is a relatively new borderless disease.
Which of the following contributes to child abuse?
a culture that views children as property
A process aimed at increasing diversity and equal opportunity by taking race and other minority group factors into consideration in making various decisions, especially those related to hiring.
affirmative action
We live in what is called a(n) ______, one in which self-presentation is of central importance to peers and the media.
appearance culture
The integration of minorities into the dominant culture.
assimilation
adopting others' characteristics
assimilation
A family that includes some combination of children from the partners' previous marriages or relationships, along with one or more children of the currently married or cohabiting couple.
blended family
Tattooing and piercing are examples of _____.
body modification
What was the most popular cosmetic procedure done in the United States in 2017?
breast augmentation
Marriages that are the culmination of a series of life events rather than the takeoff point for such events.
capstone marriage
Taylor is in a marriage with multiple partners who all feel equally connected to one another. This is an example of ______.
cenogamy
Which of the following is a type of relationship that involves more than two people?
cenogamy
The way race has been captured on the U.S. Census has changed over time. Please put the following sentences in order, from oldest to most recent.
census taker filled in race, individuals chose own race, individuals can pick 2+ races
Which of these groups is most at risk of developing acute and chronic diseases in low- and middle-income countries?
children
An arrangement in which a couple share a home and a bed without being legally married.
cohabilitation
A kind of love typified by gradual onset and not necessarily tied to sexual passion but based on more rational assessments of the one loved.
companionate love
A marriage emphasizing a clear division of labor between a breadwinner and a homemaker and held together by sentiment, friendship, and sexuality. The predominant model of marriage in the mid-twentieth century. See also companionate love.
companionate marriage
Which group of theorists have never seen the family as a coherent unit or as contributing in an unambiguously positive way to the larger society?
conflict theory
Which industry accounted for the most fatalities in work-related incidents in 2016?
construction
exchange theory
cost-benefit analysis
Weakened social norms, especially regarding the institution of marriage.
deinstitutionalization
The process whereby a profession's power and autonomy, as well as high status and great wealth, have declined, at least relative to the exalted position the profession once held.
deprofessionalization
The dispersal, typically involuntarily, of a racial or ethnic population from its traditional homeland over a wide geographic area.
diaspora
What term is defined by the dispersal, typically involuntary, of a racial or ethnic population from its traditional homeland and over a wide geographic area?
diaspora
geological spread from homeland
diaspora
removal by military
direct expulsion
The unfavorable treatment of black Americans and other minorities, either formally or informally, simply because of their race or some other such characteristic.
discrimination
unfair treatment
discrimination
What is considered the largest labor market for women worldwide?
domestic work
Which of the following is a characteristic of groups that have assimilated?
embraces the customs of the dominant group
An occupation distinguished from other occupations mainly by its power and considerable autonomy.
profession
A relationship that is entered into for what each partner can get from it and in which those involved remain only as long as each derives enough satisfaction from it.
pure relationship
Alex is interested in a relationship where he can enter into it freely and easily leave when it is no longer meeting his needs. What type of relationship may work best for him?
pure relationship
A social definition based on some real or presumed physical, biological characteristic of a person, such as skin color or hair texture, as well as a shared lineage.
race
Which of the following is socially constructed, meaning it is based on real or presumed similarity and difference?
race
Which term is based on social and historical ideas about what has been deemed biologically important?
race
The act of defining a group as a race and attributing negative characteristics to that group.
racism
In the context of health, ______ creates a heightened awareness of the body and of ourselves more generally.
reflexivity
Reflection on what one does, which tends to affect what one thinks about oneself, and does, in the future.
reflexivity
The self-help industry consisting of diet advice and workout fads is a growing part of the American economy. The proliferation of products aimed at helping people improve their alleged flaws or prevent aging is an example of ______.
reflexivity
American attitudes about heterosexual marital monogamy ______.
remain stable
Social Darwinism, genetics, and evolutionary thinking were all attempts at ______ explanations of racial difference.
scientific
The physical and social separation of majority and minority groups.
segregation
social separation of groups
segregation
A biological term, expressed as female or male; typically reflected in chromosomes, gonads, genitalia, and hormones.
sex
Which term is defined as traveling to other countries specifically for the purpose of buying sex from men, women, and sometimes children?
sex tourism
_____ occurs when individuals travel to other countries specifically for the purpose of buying sex from men, women, and sometimes children; sex is the primary or sole purpose of these trips.
sex tourism
Which term is defined as a commercial sex act that includes force, fraud, or coercion and transporting and obtaining a person for sex acts?
sex trafficking
sense of one's sexual self
sexual identity
Sexual attraction, intimacy preferences, and sexual relationships are components of _____.
sexual orientation
whom you desire
sexual orientation
The culturally produced, shared, and reinforced social norms that serve as blueprints, or maps, to guide sexual and gender behavior.
sexual scripts
The ways in which people think about, and behave toward, themselves and others as sexual beings.
sexuality
self/others as sexual beings
sexuality
One's economic position in the stratification system, especially one's occupation, which strongly determines and reflects one's income and wealth.
social class
An exaggerated generalization about an entire category of people that is thought to apply to everyone in that category.
stereotype
If someone automatically assumes that a White, middle-class, woman is inherently innocent, this is an example of ______.
stereotype
generalization about a group
stereotype
Which theory focuses on the meanings attached to identities, roles, and social relationships?
symbolic interactionism
The increasing participation of women in the labor force has been termed ______.
the feminization of labor
According to the text, which of the following is a reason why sociologists have become increasingly interested in sexuality?
the increase of overt expressions of sexuality in consumer culture
Which of the following may be an economic reason for why a family may seek to immigrate?
the need for labor in other part of the world
According to many states, if a person has Black or African American lineage, then they are considered Black or African American. This is often known as which of the following?
the one-drop rule