SOC 101 Exam 3

According to the World Bank, _____ people live in extreme poverty.

The correct answer is: 1.4 billion

With the recent Occupy Wall Street Movement, the people of the United States keep hearing about the top 1%. How much of the United States wealth rests in the hands of the wealthiest top 1% of people?

The correct answer is: 1/3

Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would find food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under:

The correct answer is: A caste system

Gender Dysphoria is:

The correct answer is: A condition of people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with

Elisa graduated from college with a double major and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa society. She was then offered a job in New York where she worked 12 hours a day and produced excellent results. Within two years she had over 100 employees working under her. Elisas hard work was rewarded with a raise and a bonus. This form of promotion is based on the principles of:

The correct answer is: A meritocracy

The term sexuality is defined by the text as:

The correct answer is: A persons capacity for sexual feelings.

What is the Kinsey Scale?

The correct answer is: A six-point rating system that ranges from exclusively heterosexual to exclusively homosexual orientation.

88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________.

The correct answer is: Absolute poverty

In 2010, what did controversial Senate Bill 1070 propose, causing a series of protests and legal battles?

The correct answer is: During a lawful stop, detention, or arrest, Arizona police officers may establish the immigration status of anyone they suspect may be here illegally.

Cate is the daughter of a Senator and the former CEO of a Fortune 500 company. Harry grew up on a farm, tilling the land for a living. They are planning a June wedding. They will have a(n)___________ marriage.

The correct answer is: Exogamous

President Franklin D. Roosevelts executive order 9066, which authorized the establishment of internment camps for anyone with as little as one-eighth Japanese ancestry following Pearl Harbor, is an example of:

The correct answer is: Expulsion

An example of slavery, according to Anti-Slavery International, is:

The correct answer is: Factories using child labor

What is the first agent of socialization?

The correct answer is: Family

When Wendys sorority sisters discover that Wendy is a lesbian, they hold a secret meeting to decide if Wendy should still be allowed to pledge. A handful of the sisters vote no. This is an example of:

The correct answer is: Homophobia

What seems to be the key (although not the rule) to upward social mobility?

The correct answer is: How much education you have.

Which of the following is false about social mobility in the United States today?

The correct answer is: In the U.S. anyone who works hard enough can get ahead.

Which of the following is false regarding social class?

The correct answer is: It is not possible for people to change whatever social class they are born into.

Which of these statements about the differences between men and women, as discussed in the introduction to the chapter, is false?

The correct answer is: Men live longer than women.

Arizona Senate Bill 1070, often referred to colloquially as the papers, please law, was aimed widely at those of:

The correct answer is: Mexican descent

Which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economies?

The correct answer is: Middle Class

Which of these statements regarding the judgments people make about others is false?

The correct answer is: Most of the time the quick judgments that people make are remarkably comprehensive and accurate.

Symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that:

The correct answer is: Most people only socialize with people in their same social class.

Which of these statements about social mobility in the U.S. is true?

The correct answer is: Most people remain in the same social class as their parents.

According to the social construction of race school of thought, race is:

The correct answer is: Not biologically identifiable

Which of the following statements about race is true?

The correct answer is: Official recognition of race by the government matters.

Asads first grade class is diverse: there are two students from Korea, five students from South America, two students from the United States, three students from Kuwait, a student from Mexico, two students from England, and five students from western Europe. Asads class is:

The correct answer is: Pluralistic

Which of the following is false in regards to the status of women globally?

The correct answer is: Poverty is usually experienced more by men than by women.

The term discrimination is defined in the text as:

The correct answer is: Prejudiced action against a group of people.

Which of these statements regarding race is true?

The correct answer is: Race is a socially constructed category.

Which of the following is an example of racial steering?

The correct answer is: Real estate agents directing white clients to look for housing in certain neighborhoods, and non-white clients to others.

_____ is the psychological theory that argues that members of the dominant group vent their frustrations and aggressions toward minority groups instead of the real source of their frustration.

The correct answer is: Scapegoat theory

What is the difference between sex and gender?

The correct answer is: Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.

One main issue in studying global social inequality is:

The correct answer is: Social inequality is relative and therefore, difficult to compare across cultures.

Womens employment outside the agricultural sector remains under 20 percent in:

The correct answer is: South America

Tasha believes that gender is about the division of labor in the family. In the pre-industrial era, men were the hunter-gatherers and bread-winners, and women were keepers of the home. After World War II, changes in the family structure allowed women to become breadwinners also, altering the roles of the family. From what sociological perspective do Tashas thoughts come?

The correct answer is: Structural Functionalism

In which country is sex education required in public schools?

The correct answer is: Sweden

In 1973, the American Psychological Association (APA) declassified homosexuality as an abnormal or deviant disorder. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in the statement the (APA) made to society?

The correct answer is: Symbolic Interactionism

Max believes that most peoples racial beliefs are based on images conveyed in popular media since many people never meet members of certain races for themselves. Maxs perspective is:

The correct answer is: Symbolic interactionist

The Davis-Moore Thesis states:

The correct answer is: That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.

Which group within the United States has been stereotyped as the model minority?

The correct answer is: The Asian American community

Which of these is not a criticism of the functionalist perspective on social inequality, from a conflict perspective?

The correct answer is: The belief that economic interests are the primary force shaping social organization is overly simplistic.

Biological determinism is:

The correct answer is: The belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology

Which of these statements related to global stratification is true?

The correct answer is: The majority of the world's population lives in poor countries.

True or false: The majority of American citizens are descendents of immigrants?

The correct answer is: True

Maria babysits as a form of income while she is in college. Because the amounts she gets per job are not huge, Maria never bothers to report her earnings to the IRS. Maria is a part of the _____________.

The correct answer is: Underground economy

Since the social classes in the United States do not have any clear boundaries, how is a sociologist supposed to determine whether their subjects are in the upper class or the upper-middle class?

The correct answer is: Upper class is often defined as having control over ones life and the lives of people around you, while the upper-middle class is often defined as having control only over ones own life.

Which statement explains why Immanuel Wallersteins classification is preferred by sociologist?

The correct answer is: Wallersteins classification uses neutral terms that allow his classification of nations to be less biased and appear less ethnocentric.

Child labor and sweatshops have existed since the Industrial Revolution and even before that. Many products sold today are created in these sweatshops, even though, living in the 21st century, we like to think we are above such practices. What is one practical way we can try and stop multinational companies from using such labor?

The correct answer is: We can be responsible consumers and research products before buying them.

A persons position in a countrys social stratification is determined by:

The correct answer is: Wealth, power, income, race, education

What is the primary difference between Marx's and Weber's views of social class?

The correct answer is: Weber disagreed that economic forces are the primary basis for stratification.

Which of these statements regarding the validity of the human capital theory as it applies to the pay gap is true?

The correct answer is: While factors such as education and age do affect earnings, the earnings of men and women with the same levels of education and prior experience are still unequal.

In the United States, which race would be considered the dominant group?

The correct answer is: White

According to modernization theory

The correct answer is: economic development is dependent on technological change.

A social category of people who share a common culture (i.e., language, national background or religion) is referred to as a(n) _____.

The correct answer is: ethnic group

Which type of theorist would be most likely to see inequality in the social system as fair, because everyone has an equal chance of getting ahead?

The correct answer is: functionalism

What is the sociological term for the hierarchical distribution of social and economic resources according to gender?

The correct answer is: gender stratification

The Equal Rights Amendment:

The correct answer is: has not been passed.

A comparison of the world's richest and poorest countries reveals that the poorest countries tend to be/have all of the following, except:

The correct answer is: have a socialist government.

According to dependency theory, today's global system of inequality originated

The correct answer is: in the 1600s as European countries began to colonize other countries.

Functionalists have been criticized for

The correct answer is: interpreting gender as a fixed role in society.

Social mobility occurring within a generation is called _____ mobility.

The correct answer is: intragenerational

Colonization worked best for the industrial countries when the colonies

The correct answer is: kept underdeveloped so that they would not compete with the home country.

During the Cold War, countries of the world were divided into three groups: first world, second world, and third world countries. First world countries all had a _____.

The correct answer is: market-based economy

According to _____, poverty results from adherence to traditional values and customs.

The correct answer is: modernization theory

Stereotypes are

The correct answer is: oversimplified statements of belief about members of a particular group.

The _____ countries are typically poor and largely agricultural.

The correct answer is: peripheral countries

According to dependency theorists, multinational corporations

The correct answer is: play an active role in keeping dependent nations poor.

Important to the understanding of institutional racism is the concept of _____.

The correct answer is: power

The historical process in any society by which a group comes to be defined as a race is called _____.

The correct answer is: racial formation

Gender segregation in occupations

The correct answer is: reinforces the belief that there are significant differences between men and women.

The poverty line established by the U.S. government is a measurement of ______.

The correct answer is: relative poverty

The _____ labor market is characterized by high job turnover, low wages, short or nonexistent promotion ladders, and few benefits.

The correct answer is: secondary

The position one holds in relation to the economic, political, social and cultural resources in a society is called one's _____.

The correct answer is: social class

The process of racial formation is supported by:

The correct answer is: social institutions.

A relatively fixed, hierarchical arrangement in society by which groups have different access to resources, power, and perceived social worth is called _____.

The correct answer is: social stratification

The feminist understanding of "doing gender" is a type of ______ perspective within sociology.

The correct answer is: symbolic interactionist

International data on poverty and hunger indicates that

The correct answer is: the current trend is a reduction in the number of malnourished people worldwide.

Evidence that gender is socially constructed includes

The correct answer is: the different gender roles found in different countries.

Max Weber analyzed the connections between

The correct answer is: the economic, social, and political dimensions of stratification.

Managing a transgendered identity may be stressful because of:

The correct answer is: the expectation of others.

Which of the following is not considered one of the central aspects of a gendered institution?

The correct answer is: the personal opinions and attitudes of the individual members of the institution

About eighteen percent of Americans have zero or negative wealth, meaning

The correct answer is: their debt exceeds their net worth.

The term for people who deviate from the binary (i.e., either male or female) system of gender is _____.

The correct answer is: transgendered

Prejudice is

The correct answer is: usually negative.

Which of the following is the best example of institutional discrimination?

The correct answer is: Airport security procedures that specify people who appear to be Middle Eastern should be scrutinized more closely than others.

s Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia, a case which legally allowed interracial marriage, is an example of

The correct answer is: Amalgamation

In the United States, where outsourcing is almost always addressed negatively, companies still get away with outsourcing. How do they do this?

The correct answer is: Americans want lower prices for their consumable products, and the only way for companies to deliver those low prices is to outsource the work to cheaper laborers.

Which continent has the largest number of people living in poverty in the world?

The correct answer is: Asia

Gender conformity is an issue for:

The correct answer is: Both males and females.

When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeffs views?

The correct answer is: Conflict Theory

Angela believes that race relations in America are poor because the white ruling class has enacted various laws and regulations to keep other racial groups from achieving equality. With which sociological perspective does Angelas view best align?

The correct answer is: Conflict theory

Hope is desperate for the new designer purse that she saw while window shopping at her local mall. She knew every girl in school would covet her bag and wish to be like her. When she walked in, she whipped out her credit card, and purchased the $5,000 bag. This kind of purchasing is called:

The correct answer is: Conspicuous consumption

Areas that once had vast economic growth and large amounts of industry, but are now suffering from the effects of outsourcing are going through a period of:

The correct answer is: Deindustrialization

How is the pattern of wealth distribution in the U.S. influenced by race?

The correct answer is: Discriminatory practices in banking and housing have resulted in inequality of wealth, even after several generations.

In 2008 the United States, as well as the rest of the world, felt the effects of the recession. After the collapse of the housing market, people lost their jobs and they quit spending money. Many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. For many people, it was a time of __________.

The correct answer is: Downward mobility

Cedrics uncle believes that racism and discrimination have made a positive impact on society - but only in the lives of those who are members of the dominant group. Which sociological perspective is Cedrics uncle coming from?

The correct answer is: Functionalism

Which of these statements about gender socialization is false?

The correct answer is: Gender socialization causes all members of society to conform to gender expectation of society.

How is global stratification different from social stratification?

The correct answer is: Global stratification examines a myriad of different types of prejudice and inequality, while social stratification covers the social class and standing of individuals.

Which of the following statements is true regarding global stratification?

The correct answer is: Global stratification is a hierarchy of countries on the basis of wealth.

Which number does the World Bank use to determine the status and classification of each nation?

The correct answer is: Gross National Income per Capita

What is the most important factor for determining the racial categories within any society?

The correct answer is: The beliefs and interests of the most powerful group(s) in society.

What is the most significant threat to the relatively high standard of living people are accustomed to in the United States?

The correct answer is: The decline of the middle class

Which of these statements best reflects the functionalist perspective on social inequality?

The correct answer is: The occupations that require the most training and involve the highest risk work are paid the highest.

The term segregation is defined in the text as:

The correct answer is: The physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions.

The term assimilation is defined by the text as:

The correct answer is: The process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture.

Adolf Hitler blaming Germanys pre-war problems on the Jewish population is an example of:

The correct answer is: The scapegoat theory

Chase grew up wanting to wear his sisters dresses over his brothers pants and button up shirts. When Chase turns 18, he decides to begin living as woman, though hes still only sexually attracted to women. He decides he doesnt want to undergo surgery. Chase is:

The correct answer is: Transgender

True or false: A persons sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender.

The correct answer is: True

When Alexander, who is white, drives his car over the speed limit, a police officer lets him off with a warning. When Christopher, who is Hispanic, drives his car at the same speed as Alexander on the same road, the officer gives him a ticket, even though his record is clean. This is an example of:

The correct answer is: White privilege

How would a functionalist explain unequal wages between men and women?

The correct answer is: Women are socialized into roles that lead them to make choices that might result in lower wages.

Colonization ended soon after _____.

The correct answer is: World War II

Gender stratification is supported by:

The correct answer is: a belief that treats gender inequality as nature.

Wealth is

The correct answer is: a significant predictor of one's class location.

What do sociologists use to measure social class?

The correct answer is: all of these

Sociologists emphasize:

The correct answer is: both sex and gender.

Social class can be seen through

The correct answer is: clothing, automobiles, and personal possessions.

Immanuel Wallersteins classification of nations uses which set of terms?

The correct answer is: core nation, peripheral nation, semi-peripheral nation

According to _____, economic development exploits the least powerful nations for the benefit of the most powerful nations.

The correct answer is: dependency theory

Max Weber called the opportunities that people have in common by virtue of belonging to a particular class _____.

The correct answer is: life chances

Which continent has the greatest number of impoverished nations in the world?

The correct answer is: Africa