Soc 105 Final Exam

Working wives generally get less leisure time than their husbands. This is known as:

"leisure gap"

The domestic duties that still fall disproportionately on working women's shoulders are labeled by Hochschild (1989) as:

"second shift"

According to data in Chapter 12, US women earn about how much for every dollar that US men earn?

$0.76

According to your text, approximately what percent of the nation's population 16 years and older is functionally illiterate?

14%

In what year were laws prohibiting interracial marriage struck down in the United States?

1967

Today, what fraction of all mothers, married or not, works outside of the home in the United States?

2/3rds

According to your text, approximately what percent of the nation's population 16 years and older is innumerate?

22%

In 2016, approximately what percent of American adults over 25 had a college degree?

33.4%

Approximately what percentage of U.S. marriages end in divorce?

40%

What percentage of today's U.S. families consists of a male breadwinner, a female housewife, and their children?

7%

Approximately what percentage of Americans marry at some point in their lives?

90%

What best describes the notion of traditional family in the US history?

Abberation

Why was the traditional family depicted in the The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet never a reality for African American families?

African american women had always had to combine work and family

Which group has the highest rate of out-marriage?

Asians had the highest rate at 29%

Who wrote The Feminine Mystique (1963)?

Betty Friedan

A powerful example of the devaluation of housework in the US was the original September 11th Victim Compensation Fund. Ultimately, after feminist groups lobbied the US government, what happened?

Both the deceased's future earnings and his or her estimated contributions to the family's unpaid household work were measured to determine the family's amount of compensation.

What was the name of the landmark court ruling that mandated desegregation of American schools?

Brown vs. Board of Education

The notion that true womanhood centers on domestic responsibilities and child rearing is known as:

Cult of Domesticity

Who argued that African American female-headed families are the outcome, rather than the cause of racial oppression and poverty?

Dubois

When a society has rules that limit marital choices to people within one's own social group, such as within their social class, or religion, this is known as:

Endogamy

Structural changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution had major consequences for families. What was one of the primary mechanisms that explains these consequences?

It separated work and home, and created new roles for men and women.

Some people may have several spouses over their lifetimes, but in the United States they are legally allowed only one at a time. The legal institution is known as:

Monogamy

A traditional family consisting of a mother, father, and their biological children is known as a/an:

Nuclear family

Some societies allow a person to have several spouses at the same time in an arrangement known as:

Polygamy

Which 1996 legislation led to national welfare reform during the Clinton administration?

The Personal Work, Opportunity and Responsibility Act

Broadly defined, education is:

The process through which academic, social, and cultural ideas and tools, both general and specific, are developed

What might a reason that upper-status students score higher on SATs?

Their parents are better able to obtain help for them, as in SAT prep courses and extra tutoring if they are doing poorly in school

About how long do the majority of single mothers stay on the welfare rolls in the US?

about 2 years

What does the Coleman report show?

achievement differences between schools could be explained best by family background and peers with whom children attended school.

Amy and Raymond live together in an intimate relationship without formal legal or religious sanctioning. This arrangement is known by sociologists as:

cohabitation

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild (1980) has found that many women who would traditionally be expected to take care of the home and children also try to have a career. She calls this the:

cult of domesticity

The Ozzie and Harriet Nelson type of family was in its prime during which time period?

during the post WWII economic boom

Sarah Fenstermaker Berk has characterized the American family by examining how women and men learn to take on distinct roles paralleling the divide between public and private spheres. She calls the family a:

gender factory

Knowledge and skills that make someone more productive and bankable are known as:

human capital

It is difficult to make generalizations about Latino families in the US because:

of their diverse origins and geography

In some rural areas of Asia, women can have several husbands at one time. This practice is known as:

polyandry

According to Ruth Schwartz Cowan's 1983 research, time-saving devices like the vacuum cleaner and washing machine have actually increased the amount of time that women spend on housework. What explanation is given for her finding?

standards of cleanliness have also risen, so even more cleaning is expected

Which countries have marriage equality for same-sex couples?

the US and about half of Europe

In families where both spouses work for wages, the second shift can be best described as:

the domestic tasks that fall disproportionately on women in addition to their paid work.

What is social capital?

the information, knowledge of people, and connections that help individuals enter, gain power in, or otherwise leverage social networks; any relationship between people that can facilitate the actions of others

Aries wrote that children of pre-industrial families were:

thought of as small adults who didn't warrant any special treatment or nurturing

When classrooms are divided into ability levels, type of preparation, or according to future plans, it's called:

tracking