SOC 301 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE TEST 3

Megan wants to study bullying in high school. She randomly selected 1,000 students at a high school, and 400 completed the survey. What is the response set? A. 400 students B. 40% C. 60% D. cannot be determined from the information given

B. 40%

_________ refers to the extent to which the conclusions drawn from a study generalize to a larger population or to a different setting. A. Internal validity B. External validity C. Reliability D. Salience

B. External validity

35. reference test (image)

35. reference test (image)

The ___________ experiment is the most common type of experiment. A. laboratory B. field C. survey D. natural

A. laboratory

________ is an example of an omnibus survey. A. The General Social Survey (GSS) B. A Market research survey on car-buying preference C. A CNN poll on whether a proposed law should be passed D. A survey of college students about their study habits

A. The General Social Survey (GSS)

Mary is a researcher studying sexual harassment. What can she use to make the face-to-face interview setting more comfortable when discussing this topic? A. audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) technology B. paper-and-pencil interview (PAPI) approach C. priming effects D. unfolding brackets

A. audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) technology

Dr. Luther has accessed a list of all public elementary schools in the state of California. He randomly selects 20 schools from the list and then randomly selects 100 students at each school to survey. What type of sampling method has Dr.Luther used? A. cluster B. simple random C. stratified D. systematic

A. cluster

The _________ refers to the probability that a confidence interval includes the population parameter. A. confidence level B. margin of error C. sampling distribution D. sampling error

A. confidence level

Johann took part in a study that he was told initially was about test-taking strategies. After the experiment was over, he was surprised to learn that the actual purpose of the experiment was to determine whether exposure to negative racial stereotypes causes changes in test performance. The interview after the study when Johann was informed of the actual purpose of the experiment is known as A. debriefing B. audit C. panel survey D. cognitive interview

A. debriefing

Megan is collecting data for a research project. She has decided to increase her sample size from 500 participants to 1,000 participants. As her sample size increases, her sampling error _______ and her margin of error _________. A. decreases; decreases B. decreases; increases C. increases; decreases D. increases; increases

A. decreases; decreases

A question that asks about two or more ideas or concepts in a single question is known as a(n) ___________ question. A. double-barreled B. exhaustive C. dichotomous D. deductive

A. double-barreled

Raju is interested in the impact of race and social class on interactions with the police. He has created a factorial design experiment. What is a characteristic of this experiment? A. his study has two independent variables- race and social class B. his study has three independent variables- race, social class. and quality of interaction with police officers C. his study has one independent variable (race) and two dependent variables (social class and quality of interaction with police officers) D. his study has one independent variable (race) and one dependent variable (quality of interaction with police officers)

A. his study has two independent variables- race and social class

The degree to which a study establishes a causal effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable is known as A. internal validity B. external validity C. reliability D. salience

A. internal validity

Dr.Nguyen is interested in better understanding which students at the University of Houston study abroad. Her target population is all A. students at the University of Houston B. students in the city of Houston C. students in the United states D. universities in the United States

A. students at the University of Houston

Jenna is conducting a study on gender bias in hiring. She has recruited participants to evaluate job applications. What is an effective way to manipulate the independent variable? A. She can put common women's names on all highly qualified candidate's applications and out common men's names on unqualified applications. B. She can randomly put common women's names and common men's names on similarly qualified applications. C. She can tell the participants to ignore the gender of the person who wrote the application. D. She can delete all indicators of gender from all applications.

B. She can randomly put common women's names and common men's names on similarly qualified applications

George is researching the relationship between racial animosity and political preference. However he tells his subjects that his study is about undergraduate political party preferences, which is false. This false reason for participation in an experiment is known as: A. a debriefing B. a cover story C. an experimental condition D. salience

B. a cover story

A document that lists all variables in a survey and provides information about each variable, including question and response categories, is called a(n) A. index B. codebook C. scale D. panel survey

B. codebook

When participants' identifying information is only accessible to members of the research team, this is called A. anonymity B. confidentiality C. induction D. deduction

B. confidentiality

Survey researchers must take care to protect respondents' ___________. It is unrealistic and impractical for survey researchers to promise ___________ to respondents. A. confidentiality; confidentiality B. confidentiality; anonymity C. anonymity; confidentiality D. anonymity; anonymity

B. confidentiality; anonymity

The _________ condition is a condition in an experiment where the independent variable is manipulated. A. control B. experimental C. random assignment D. within-subject design

B. experimental

The most commonly used value for confidence levels by social science researchers is ________. A. 85% B. 90% C. 95% D. 100%

C. 95%

Julio needs to collect data for his senior honors thesis and has decided to administer surveys to his 500 students who are currently enrolled in an Introductory Sociology course at his college. Julio's sample is a good example of a ___________ sample. A. stratified B. simple random C. convenience D. cluster

C. convenience

Lisa wants to survey mothers and examine the kinds of attitude changes about mothering that occur as their children grow older. Which type of survey would be best suited for this research? A. cross-sectional B. repeated cross-sectional C. panel D. split ballot

C. panel

Biological responses to stimuli are known as ________ measures. A. behavioral B. attitudinal C. physiological D. longitudinal

C. physiological

Raul wants to conduct a study on interracial dating by asking participants to read a description of a scenario and then answer questions about how they would react to the given situation. He would like the study to have high external validity. Which type of experiment would he choose? A. laboratory B. field C. population-based survey D. natural

C. population-based survey

What is a characteristic of a natural experiment? A. Participants are assigned to conditions by experimental procedures. B. Participants are randomly assigned. C. Experimenters manipulate the independent variable. D. It is more observational than a true experiment.

D. It is more observational than a true experiment.

Compared to behavioral measures, what is a characteristic of an attitudinal measure? A. It is less susceptible to social desirability bias. B. Researchers generally prefer attitudinal measures to behavioral measures. C. Researchers preter attitudinal measures when they want to understand how people actually treat one another and respond to the social world. D. Researchers prefer attitudinal measures when they are interested in understanding why an outcome occurs.

D. Researchers prefer attitudinal measures when they are interested in understanding why an outcome occurs.

Lisa is analyzing the results of her pre-test. What would indicate to her that a question needs revision? A. 2% refused to answer B. 5% refused to answer C. 45% of respondents answered "yes" and 55% said "no" D. The cognitive interview showed that the question was confusing.

D. The cognitive interview showed that the question was confusing.

In establishing causality, which of the following conditions, in practice, is the MOST challenging? A. There must exist an independent and dependent variable at the same time. B. The two variables must be correlated C. The cause must precede the effect in repeated experiments. D. The relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable must not be caused by some other factor.

D. The relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable must not be caused by some other factor.

Which breast explains why the Literary Digest poll failed to predict the winner of the 1936 presidential election? A. There were too many people in the sample. B. There were too few people in the sample. C. They needed computers to accurately calculate results. D. The sample didn't represent the American population

D. The same didn't represent the American population

Jasmine is doing research on poor single mothers. For which question is leaving the response open-ended MOST appropriate? A. Are you currently employed? B. Are you receiving any government assistance? C. What kinds of government assistance are you receiving? D. What kinds of assistance do you think the government can provide that does not currently exist?

D. What kinds of assistance do you think the government can provide that does not currently exist?

Which of the guidelines below needs to be considered by the writer of this question: "Should loving soon-to-be mothers take prenatal vitamins?" A. use clear and simple language B. be precise C. exercise caution when dealing with sensitive topics D. avoid leading questions

D. avoid leading questions

An experiment in which the independent variable is manipulated by "nature," not by the experimenter, is known as a _________ experiment. A. laboratory B. field C. population-based survey D. natural

D. natural

Observations about the noise level in the household, how well the respondent understood the questions, and whether another family member was present are examples of A. order effects B. coverage error C. priming effects D. paradata

D. paradata

Jamal wants to study racial representations on children's TV shows. He has made a list of every TV show that aired on Nick Jr. from 2000 and 2015. This list of TV shows is the ________ he will use to draw a probability samole. A. population distribution B. population frame C. sampling distribution D. sampling frame

D. sampling frame

A survey in which a randomly selected subset of respondents, typically 50% of those persons selected to participate in the survey, receives one topical module while the other 50% receives a different topical ballot is called a(n) __________ design. A. double-barreled question B. unfolding question C. skip pattern D. split-ballot

D. split-ballot

The use of different types of research methods to study the same general research question is known as A. social desirability bias B. salience C. spuriousness D. triangulation

D. triangulation

If you are interested in studying a city that has similar features to the average city in the United States, what type of case should you select? A. deviant B. extreme C. random D. typical

D. typical

What is a strategy survey designers use for avoiding response set? A. follow factual questions with subjective questions B. follow a lengthy and dry module with a brief section on a more fun or pleasant topic C. use a Likert scale D. word some questions positively and others negatively

D. word some questions positively and others negatively

Question 18: Reference test (image)

Question 18: Reference test (image)