SOC 323 midterm

False

"Oriental" is an appropriate term to use when describing an Asian American.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

1957 group founded by Martin Luther King Jr. to fight against segregation using nonviolent means

Civil Disobedience

A form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences.

Ignores importances of gender, race, ethnicity, age etc.

A weakness of the Marxist explanation for racial/ethnic inequality is that...

Mississippi

During the Civil Rights Movement, which state was considered to be a 'closed state' and thus was targeted by activists for massive voter registration drives and education in the form of Freedom Schools, in a campaign known as Freedom Summer (1964)?

True

During the first half of the twentieth century, sociological research focused on race at the expense of ethnicity.

Termination Policy

Federal government decision to end federal responsibility for Native American tribes

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Founded in Chicago in 1942, this civil rights organization helped expose continued racial segregation in the North and participated in major events of the Civil Rights Movement, including the Freedom Rides, the March on Washington, and the Mississippi Freedom Summer.

False

Impoverished white people do not have white privilege, as race and class privilege are interdependent.

Negro

In the current era, which terms used to refer to black people is no longer considered acceptable?

True

Laws supported the rights of white Americans to own homes and businesses while banks and lending institutions provided them the necessary capital to do so, while prior to the 1960s, laws explicitly excluded people of color from obtaining business loans in many places.

True

Most labor unions of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were racially integrated, adhering to the belief that a united labor force was a more powerful challenge to capitalism.

True

Race varies tremendously between societies and has changed a great deal over time.

True

Racial hierarchies are not static; instead they are constantly responding to changing social and historical conditions, as well as to challenges from subordinate groups.

Phrenology

This term refers to a now defunct branch of science that compared the skull sizes of various racial groups and used that data to try to determine group intelligence, social and cultural characteristics, and the presumed innate group differences between the races.

Antilynching movement (1883-1940), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909: focused on desegregation of schools, Black labor organizing.

What are examples of African American resistance to racism, discrimination, and Jim Crow segregation?

Economic growth and increasing urbanization President Truman's Executive order 9981- integrated us armed forces in 1948 Integration of major league baseball International scrutiny and pressure on segregationist practices and racial inequality in US

What are the social and cultural conditions that contributed to minority group activism in the post-World War II era?

African Americans, Irish Americans, Jewish Americans, Native Americans

What group of Americans were subjected to systematic attempts at forced assimilation by the U.S. government?

African Americans, Irish Americans, Chinese, Jewish Americans, Native Americans

What group of immigrants face anti-immigrant hostility in the form of being targets for race riots, lynchings, additional taxes, and ultimately, immigration restriction legislation?

it only operates in conjunction with class privilege

What is NOT an aspect of white privilege?

Africans were enslaved due to anti-black racism

What is not one of the reasons Africans were originally enslaved in the New World.

African Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, Chicanos all did

What minority groups did not engage in organized activism during the 1960s and 1970s to fight for their full political and civil rights?

group expresses patterned inequality

When sociologists speak of a minority group, they are referring to...

European immigrant white ethnic groups, ex) Irish Americans, Jewish Americans

Which group would NOT be considered a colonized minority according to Blauner's theory of internal colonialism?

Japanese Americans

Which groups of Americans were at one time considered to be 'non-white?'

Omi and Winant

Which sociologist(s) emphasize(s) the role of the U.S. government in shaping race, citing, for example, the fact that the U.S. Constitution originally declared slaves to be 3/5 of a person and ignored women completely, and that for most of its history, the United States has operated as a racial dictatorship, marginalizing most racial minorities and women from the political process.

Psychological Wage

White workers, despite extremely low wages, recieve an intangible benefit because they were white

SNCC

Women played significant roles in the organized activism of which of the post-World War II minority protest movements?

Black Panthers

a black political organization that was against peaceful protest and for violence if needed. The organization marked a shift in policy of the black movement, favoring militant ideals rather than peaceful protest.

Ethnic Enclaves

a geographic area with high ethnic concentration, characteristic cultural identity, and economic activity

Cultural Activism

a mash up of artistic expression and activism grounded in the need for social justice and political change.

Chicano

a term many Mexican Americans embraced during this era

Internalized Racism

a term used to describe individuals that believe what the dominant group says about them -can also manifest itself as a form of colorism

Internal Colonialism Theory

argues that colonialism, the process through which one country dominates the other by stripping them of human and economic resources, can actually take place within one country. Dominant racial groups establish system of oppression and exploitation of subordinate racial groups within their own nation in ways that benefit them.

Plessy v. Ferguson

decision legalized racial segregation in all aspects of southern life. separate but equal" doctrine supreme court upheld the constitutionally of jim crow laws

Symbolic Interactionism

emphasizes small scale human interactions. Social structures are reproduced and maintained through interactions.

Split Labor Market

emphasizes that white workers fuel antagonisms between racial groups in the labor force which ultimately benefit them as white workers.

Stereotypes

exaggerated portrayal of an entire groups based on missed information or mis-characterizations

Gendered Racism

expectations for males and females vary along racial lines and often times women of color face discrimination for being racial ethnic minorities and women

W.E.B. DuBois

first men of color and that made important contributions to race, authored over 20 books and 100s of articles, Philidelphia Negro

Institutional Racism

found in everyday business practices and policies that disadvantage minorities and offer advantages to dominate group members -harder to see that individual discrimination

Racial socialization

moves away from a focus in just prejudice to a structured understanding of racism. all aspects of society are structured by the placement of individuals in hierarchical racial categories.

Color-blindness

one where racial classification does not limit a person's opportunities. Such societies are free from differential legal or social treatment based on their race or color. We ignore racism, We ignore white privilege, we perceive whiteness as the norm.

Social Movements

organized activism intended to be engaged in over a long period of time, with the aim of changing society in some way through collective action.

Critical Race Theory

racism is central to you as a society rather than operational. Challenges the rhetoric of racial in policies and law. Activist agenda.

Jim Crow

re-establish black subordination and disenfranchise black male voters.

Scientific Racism

refers to using science to prove the innate racial inferiority of some groups and the superiority of others. Ex) phenology

Racial Formation Perspective

sociological theory of race developed by Michael o and Howard whinot. With this theory they present a way of seeing and understanding race and its social significance in a way that focuses on connections how race manifest in social structure and how racial categories are represented and give meaning and imagery, media, language, ideas, and every day common sense.

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

students whose purpose was coordinate a nonviolent attack on segregation and other forms of racism

Colorism

the belief that one type of skin tone is superior or inferior to another within a racial group

Ethnocentrism

the belief that one's own culture or group's ways of doing things are superior to others and is one of the necessary conditions for racial/ethnic inequality to emerge.

Colonialism

the process through which one country dominates the other by stripping them of human and economic resources

White Racial Frame

the systemic nature of racism that includes racial beliefs, racial eluded terms, racialized images, verbal connotations, racialized emotions, interpretations, discriminatory interactions

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

was founded in 1909: focused on desegregation of schools