Soc hockey midterm

lord stanleys reason for donating the cup

1) political 2) approved of state intervention in cultural matters to promote national unity 3) canada was a young nation that needed shaping 4) needed cultural capability of both expressing the nation and bringing the nations citizens into closer imagined communion

justifying sports violence

1) rules of relevancy 2) economic and time constraints 3) professional ethics and social responsibility

Canadian national identity required debates to either

1) strengthen ties to Britain 2) annexation by US 3) precarious middle

hegemonic masculinity

1) the ideal masculinity by which all other forms are judged against 2)societies idea of manliness 3) those who embody it will be the most honored and desired

hegemonic masculinity

1) leads men and boys to construct their ideologies and sculpt their bodies to align with this 2) emotional stoicism and willingness to accept and inflict injury on other men

why a community is considered imagined

1) members never know or meet fellow members 2) it is limited 3) it is sovereign 4) it is community

Marginalised masculinity

1) men have no hope of ever attaining hegemonic masculinity 2) often based on race, poverty and disability

complicit masculinity

1) men who for whatever reason will never achieve hegemonic status 2) they still support it so that they dont end up in the two other categories 3) the hangers on / sidekicks

what it is to be a man

1) no sissy stuff 2) the big wheel 3) the sturdy oak 4) give 'em hell

rational sequences of action (Feldman)

1) ostensibly unrelated practices of violence are likely deeply connected 2) sociologists jobs are to uncover these links 3) consider the landscape of the phenomenon in its wildest and fullest form

social tragedy

a collective experience that structures emotions, thought and action

unification via a common language

allowed the growth of shared ideas and values and grew the idea of belonging to a nation

nations

an imagined political community that is imagined as both limited and sovereign

collective effervescence

an intense energy in shared events where people feel swept up in something larger than themselves

masculinities

an outcome of intricate and and intense maneuvering by a peer group

masculinities

are neither programmed in our genes nor fixed by social structures prior to interaction

sport

arguably the one institution in the west where the policing of masculinity is most dominant

16th century

before this time period nationalism did not exist

arena

bodies are ___ for making of gender patterns

how hockey got its rules

borrowed from several sports with published sets of rules

tragedy

claims that this death is exceptional

hegemonic form of masculinity

closely linked to patriarchal ideal of the powerful, aggressive, unemotional male

Benedict Anderson

coined the term "imagined community" and questioned the notions of an immemorial nation

hegemony

concealed mode of class domination

figuration

controlled de-controlling of emotions

trivialise events or sexualise competitors

coverage of womens sports tends to...

power and wealth

the slow changing of masculinity is a result of what

violence

the use of excessive physical force, which causes or has obvious potential to cause harm or destruction

gender

the way bodies are drawn into history

hegemonic and heterosexual men

these people dont want to know that womens sports are growing

allegiance and sense of loyalty for a nation

these two characteristics surpass their individuality or any other specific group interest

Elder Albert Marshall

two eyed seeing

sport

used in the 19th century to promote national cultural and character type

aggression

verbal or physical actions grounded in an intent to dominate, control, or do harm to another person

nationalism

we take _____ for granted

worshipping itself

when a society worships a totem it is actually worshipping ...

why was ice hockey chosen as a symbol

winter character and a hardiness of character to overcome a harsh and unwelcoming terrain

development of printing

with this, publishers appealed to the masses with books written in the most widespread vernacular languages as well as in Latin

deemed attractive

women athletes deemed this get more coverage

middle and upper class women

women in sport are limited to these classes

men; patriarchal

womens involvement in sport is controlled by ___ based on ___norms

common culture

working class communities have this culture

institutions

different _____ will be more or less prominent in the construction of masculinities

gender

different cultures and different periods of history construct this differently

sports related violence - kevin young definition

direct acts of physical violence contained within or outside the rules of the game that result in injury to persons, animals, or property and/or harmful or potentially harmful acts conducted in the context of sport that threatens or produce injury or that violate human justices and civil liberties

mediated sports rituals

disproportionally emphasize aggression

ritual

generally collective, public and binds people together

subcultures of violence

governed by own unique rules, norms and values

sport

is a moral and aesthetic endeavour

techniques of neutralisation

justifying actions

physical training and character/moral building

leads to strong and able men

Canadians needed to create this

local definition of masculinity that was different from British ones

working class hockey fans

long imagined to be in the member category but there has been a strong rise in customer and consumer identities

customer

loyal to institutions but expecting it to meet particular wants​

mediated

our understanding of SRV is often ...

extensive medical guidance

physical activity of women subjected to extensive medical guidance

consumers

purely instrumental and market focussed; shop around for what you want​

donation of the cup

represents a turn in liberal political theory

ritual

requires a performance

physical development of female muscles

runs counter to dominant modern gender codes for women

kings college

schoolboys from this school played "hurley" on ice

national sport

serves as both an identifier and a unifier

government

the best way to achieve advancement of society through science, social organization, technology, etc...

power

the closer to the hegemonic ideal the more _____ a man has

gave languages more stability and helped define groups of people based on their language

the development of printing led to these two things

helped solve Canadian national identity

the donation of the cup helped solve

ritual

the humboldt hockey sticks are an example of

totem

"supernatural force" representing the uniqueness of society

reasons to donate the cup

1) an act of nationalism 2) build a nation through sport 3) political act to help build national identity

hypermasculinity

1) an exaggerated sense of hegemonic masculinity 2) the performance of aggression, virility and courage 3) situations often a response to a mans presumed threat their masculinity

four primary mythologies of masculinity in hockey:

1) bully 2) hero protector 3) sexual athlete 4) new man

role of sports

1) cure the social ills of society 2) impact a nations youth 3) physical training and character / moral building 4) strong domestic economy to ensure security in militiarized world 5) melds political ideology, racial supremacy, and sexism into practical action

subordinate masculinity

1) deviates from the norm 2) masculine role moves toward the feminine 3) those who identify as homosexual are often placed in this category by society 4) experience humiliation, loss of power and status

sports oriented aggression originates in some combination of:

1) frustration coupled with anger, opportunities, stimulus cues and social supports 2) strategies used by athletes and encouraged by peers, coaches, spectators and sponsors 3) definitions of masculinity emphasizing violence as a basis for becoming a man and superior to women

how do hegemonic masculinities get established

1) gender relations: fluid reproduction of patriarchy 2) production relations: division of labour heavily gendered 3) cathexis (emotions): politics of desire 4) symbolism: system reproducing the gender order

hegemony

1) invisible mechanism of class domination 2) cultural struggle between classes about what society is and should be like 3) positions of influence are always filled by members of an already ruling class 4) largely with consent of subordinates 5) shape the thinking of all classes

lord stanleys third stipulation

"... the cup is to remain a challenge cup, and not to become the property of any team"

Sex is biological; gender is social.

For most sociologists, what is the difference between sex and gender?

mediatized rituals

SRV is choreographed through

nationalized sport

a particular sport that embodies, represents and generates perceived national values and character traits important for the creation and maintenance of national identity

windsor

a place that is a confluence of cultures: Mi'kmaq, acadian, english, irish and american loyalists

gender

a system of social practices that creates and maintains distinction based on masculinities and femininities

Patriarchy

a system of social structures and practices in which men dominate, oppress and exploit women

masculinities

actively produced using the resources and strategies available in a given social setting

frustration-aggression

aggression consequence of frustration

hostile and instrumental

aggression to achieve specific goals

idealized forms of masculinity

establishment of many sports was to reaffirm ...

hero - protector

exceptional courage and self sacrifice and involves the idealisation of a man of superior qualities of virtue

reason there is no hegemonic masculinity

femininity is never a player in gender relations

legitimation perspective

focusses less on violence and more on the messages that accompany it

builds positive character

formative power of athletic competition for young men builds

emphasized femininity

forms of femininity that support and comply with hegemonic masculinity

reversal

frustration or satiation will determine response

sports media

have common coverage techniques that at least condone violent play and may even reproduce it

victimology

high tolerance in autonomous social institutions

sports ethics

identity and status related to making sacrifices, striving for distinction and accepting risks

nationhood

in a period of religious decline, this concept gave people something to believe in and die for

collective ideal and goals

in liberal political theory, politics are guided by this instead of individualism

secularization rises and religions importance declines

in modernity what rises and what declines

Secularization

indifference to or rejection of religion or religious consideration

collectively

masculinities are defined ____ in culture and sustained institutions

tensions

masculinities are often in ____ within and without

specific historical circumstances

masculinities were created in ______ circumstances and as those circumstances change the gender practices can be contested and reconstructed

violence is acceptable

media frequently conveys the idea that ...

violence

men often use this to get their way, including through seemingly unrelated events like globalization

sport

mobilized national identity, communicated it and has the state to support it

social learning

modelling the behaviours of others

masculinization

muscularity is often associated with

a deep horizontal comradeship

nation is always conceived as this, despite social inequalities among members

instinct

naturally aggressive

why nationalism is so important

need something worth dying for and a sense of continuity of purpose

catharsis

needing a safety valve

members

non-economic reciprocity and mutual duties between individual and institution​

experience of the sacred

object, idea or belief that is fundamentally valued

moral outrage

social injustice is a precursor to ...

shared symbolic codes

social tragedies are made collectively meaningful through

moral action

social tragedy recognizes suffering collectively as a meaningful precursor to ...

precarious

something dangerous might invade it or escape it

young men

statistically higher injury levels in car accidents

hang-on masculinity

strength, toughness and physicality

defensive performances

suggest that masculinity is a vulnerable identity