Soc1- Mini Exam 1

________ can be defined as a process in which a dominant group, by virtue of its moral and intellectual leadership in society, secures the voluntary "consent" of the masses. Hegemony Coercion Hard power Domination

Hegemony

A person who commits credit card fraud is guilty of a __________ violation, and likely to experience a(n) ____________ social sanction. 1. minor, informal 2. minor, formal 3. major, formal 4. major, informal

not 2

Nonmaterial culture includes values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms, while material culture refers to the objects or belongings of a particular group of people; these two are often linked. True False

True

Marcus understands income inequality, and knows that for the most part, people don't experience social mobility. He rejects the goal of 'climbing the ladder,' because he knows that the majority of the money generated in this country belongs to a small minority of wealthy individuals. Despite this, he thinks nothing will change in society, and he needs to make a living for his family, so he wakes up every day, goes to work and earns his salary. According to Robert Merton, Marcus is a(n):

ritualist

Define quantitative and qualitative methods of research. Define the various techniques of sociological research (survey, interviews, case study, ethnography, participant observation), and identify whether they are quantitative or qualitative.

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Identify and define the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology.

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A Stereotype is:

A false, fictitious, imaginary, or exaggerated belief that is applied to an entire social category of people and to each individual within it that often forms the basis for prejudice and justifies discrimination

Socialization refers to:

A process of lifetime social interaction through which people learn those elements of culture (values, beliefs, attitudes) essential for effective participation in social life

Dramaturgical theory argues that the development of self is primarily influenced by biological factors. True False

False

The Chicago School of Sociology focused on studying how humans' behaviors and personalities were shaped by their racial inferiority or superiority. True False

False

There was an empty lot in a middle-class neighborhood that was maintained by a neighbor who lived next to it for years. That neighbor moved away and within a few weeks several bags of garbage and some old furniture were sitting in the lot. Shortly after that, an old car was parked in the lot and teenagers started to gather there to smoke and hang out. Within a few months, there was a mugging by the lot and the police made a couple of arrests for drug dealing there. This series of events is an example of what theory?

Broken window theory

A social institution can be described as a complex group of interdependent positions that, together, perform a social role, such as school, the economy, the family, etc. True False

True

A woman who makes a career change from being an attorney at a large firm, to a social media marketer at a small start-up, will likely go through a process of resocialization. True False

True

A Sociologist who analyzes the beliefs and practices of other cultures by the terms of that culture, and not of their own culture, is adopting the principle of ethnocentrism. True False

False

According to Durkheim, offending the collective conscience of a society can be beneficial because it can bring people together and re-establish the morals of society. True False

False

Organic solidarity can be defined as social cohesion based on the sameness of the individual parts of society. True False

False

The Hawthorne Effect or "the white coat effect," is what occurs when people become immersed in a total institution that consumes every aspect of their lives. True False

False

___________ focuses on micro patterns of social interaction, and argues that people's choices about how to act are based on shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions.

Symbolic interactionism

The sociological imagination refers to:

The ability to discern the relationship between history and biography, and between larger social forces and the actions of individuals

In Social Development Theory, Cooley's theory of the looking glass self refers to:

The idea that the self emerges through a social process based on our ability to assume the point of view of others and thereby imagining how they see us, like a mirror reflecting society's views back to us

According to George Herbert Mead's theory of the social self, the "I" refers to one's sense of agency, action, or power, while the "me" refers to the self as a distinct object to be perceived by others, our 'socialized self.' True False

True

If your instructor gives you a look of disappointment after she sees you sneak a peek at another student's exam, she is enforcing an informal social sanction. True False

True

Social norms are cultural guidelines or rules that direct people to behave in certain ways True False

True

Social theories are frameworks of empirical evidence used to study and explain social phenomena. True False

True

The sociological imagination was coined by C. Wright Mills. True False

True

Following Hillary Clinton's loss for the recent presidential race, Julie was feeling a sense of aimlessness and despair. She felt there was no real sense of social norms or expectations of behavior, and that the political system in this country had fallen apart. According to Durkheim, Julie was experiencing:

anomie

Which of the following is the best example of a quantitative research method? 1. observing behavior at a local concert 2. conducting a survey of what type of music people prefer 3. All of these are good examples of quantitative methods 4. traveling across the country with a band while they are on tour to observe fan culture

not 3.