SOCI 205

The removal of homosexuality from the DSM is an example of ____________.

Demedicalization

Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _______ higher-level job positions.

Denied he opportunity to obtain

In the 115th Congress of the United States, what percentage of the elected officials were women?

21.2

The population of the planet doubled in fifty years to reach _______ in 1999?

6 billon

Which statement illustrates low status consistency?

A college dropout launches an online company that earn millions in its first year.

According to social disorganization theory, crime is most likely to occur where?

A community where neighbors don't know each other very well

To study the effects of fast food on lifestyle, health, and culture, from which group would a researcher ethically be unable to accept funding?

A fast-food restaurant

Which of the following is an example of collective behavior?

A group of people interested in hearing an author speak

Which of the following scenarios is an example of intragenerational mobility?

A lawyer belongs to a different class than her sister.

How do schools prepare children to one day enter the workforce?

All of the above

Urbanization includes the sociological study of what?

All of the above

What are the prerequisites for the existence of a city?

All of the above

What are ways that human activity impacts the water supply?

All of the above

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender"

All of the time, in everything we do

During the civil rights movement, Rosa Parks and other Black protestors spoke out against segregation by refusing to sit at the back of the bus. This is an example of ________.

An act of deviance

Which one of the following is not a way people are socialized by religion?

An individual's personal internal experience of a divine being leads to their faith

The racial term "African American" can refer to:

Any of the above

Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?"

Asian Americans

The 1st step of the scientific method:

Ask a question about a topic

According to the concept of the power elite, why would a celebrity commit a crime?

Because their fame protects him from retribution

What is discrimination?

Biased actions against an individual or group

From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person's socialization?

Blood type

Which materials are considered secondary data?

Books and articles written by other authors about their studies

Berger describes sociologists as concerned with:

Both a and b

Sidewalk ramps and Braille signs are examples of _______________.

Both b and c

In the past, the United States manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their U.S. factories and relocated to China. This is an example of:

Capital flight

Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered

Conservative

France might be classified as which kind of nation?

Core

Only women are affected by gender stratification.

False

Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization?

Family

The idea that gender inequality comes from the division of labor fits with which Sociological theory?

Feminist theory

Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the United States?

First-generation college student

Who coined the phrase symbolic interactionism?

Herbert Blumer

Organic solidarity is most likely to exist in which of the following types of societies?

Industrial

Which of the following is not an age-related transition point when Americans must be socialized to new roles?

Infancy

A student has a habit of talking on their cell phone during class. One day, the professor stops the lecture and asks the student to respect others in the class by turning off the phone. In this situation, the professor used __________ to maintain social control.

Informal negative sanctions

One day, you decide to wear pajamas to the grocery store. While you shop, you notice people giving you strange looks and whispering to others. In this case, the grocery store patrons are demonstrating _______.

Informal sanctions

Which of the following is a manifest function of schools?

Learning to read and write

How does gentrification affect cities?

Less affluent residents are pushed into less desirable areas.

Where does a large percentage of e-waste wind up?

Recycled in peripheral nations

What does the individual mandate provision of the 2010 U.S. healthcare reform do?

Required everyone to have insurance or pay a penalty

If we divide social movements according to their positions among all social movements in a society, we are using the __________ theory to understand social movements.

Resource mobilization

Mary works full-time at an office downtown while her young children stay at a neighbor's house. She's just learned that the childcare provider is leaving the country. Mary has succumbed to pressure to volunteer at her church, plus her ailing mother-in-law will be moving in with her next month. Which of the following is likely to occur as Mary tries to balance her existing and new responsibilities?

Role conflict

The notion that people cannot feel or experience something that they do not have a word for can be explained by:

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South?

Separate but equal

Which of the following fictional societies is an example of a pastoral society?

The Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses

What is a disadvantage of the National Crime Victimization Survey(NCVS)?

The NCVS may be unable to reach important groups, such as those without phones.

Which program is an example of socialized medicine?

The United States Veterans health administration

What does carrying capacity refer to?

The amount of life that can be supported sustainably in a particular environment

Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it?

The bracero program

Which is an example of environmental racism?

The fact that a disproportionate percentage of people of color live in environmentally hazardous areas

Which of the following is not part of the rights and responsibilities of a sick person under the functionalist perspective?

The sick person can take as long as she wants to get better

The Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) is an example of ________________

The social construction of health

Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject?

The study of society and social interaction

What group created the Millennium Development Goals?

The world health organization

A symbolic interactionist may compare social interactions to:

Theatrical roles

What led to the creation of the exurbs

Urban sprawl and crowds moving into the city

Spousal abuse is an example of a ________.

Violent crime

Why are wealthy parents more likely than poor parents to socialize their children toward creativity and problem solving?

Wealthy parents are socializing their children toward the skills of white-collar employment

As a White person in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of:

Whte privilege

The belief that one's culture is inferior to another culture is called:

Xenocentrism

The irrational fear or hatred of another culture is called:

Xenophobia

Why did most White ethnic Americans come to the United States?

a and b only

Chronic fatigue syndrome is an example of

a contested illness

Sociologists associate sexuality with

a person's capacity for sexual feelings

A nation's flag is:

a symbol

According to emergent-norm theory, crowds are:

able to develop their own definition of the situation

Maya is a twelve-year-old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless, and often does not know where she will sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in _________ poverty.

absolute

. Which of the following factors can affect the pay gap?

all of the above

Stereotypes can be based on:

all of the above

Studying sociology helps people analyze data because they learn:

all of the above

What is one way to distinguish between psychology and sociology?

all of the above

Ethnicity describes shared:

any of the above

Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group?

black people under apartheid in South Africa

Which statement provides the best operational definition of "childhood obesity"?

body weight at least 20 percent higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height

According to Marx, the _____ own the means of production in a society.

bourgeoisie

In a U.S. town, a mining company owns all the stores and most of the houses. It sells goods to the workers at inflated prices, offers house rentals for twice what a mortgage would be, and makes sure to always pay the workers less than needed to cover food and rent. Once the workers are in debt, they have no choice but to continue working for the company, since their skills will not transfer to a new position. This situation most closely resembles:

debt slavery

If a sociologist points out that core nations dominate the global economy, in part by creating global interest rates and international tariffs that will inevitably favor high-income nations over low-income nations, he is a:

dependency theorist

When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers:

do not feel connected to their work to to one another

Scapegoat theory shows that:

dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems

Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would:

earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

Émile Durkheim's ideas about society can best be described as ________.

functionalist

The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's

gender

The term _______ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave.

gender role

Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who:

get rich while workers stay poor

Some jobs today advertise in multinational markets and permit telecommuting in lieu of working from a primary location. This broadening of the job market and the way that jobs are performed can be attributed to:

globalization

Core nations are also known as

high-income nations

Socialization, as a sociological term, describes:

how people learn societal norms, beliefs, and values

Seeing patterns means that a sociologist needs to be able to:

identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure

C.Wright Mills once said that sociologists need to develop a sociological... to study how society affects individuals.

imagination

Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation

in early adolescence

A sociologist defines society as a group of people who reside in a defined area, share a culture, and who:

interact

Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact?

it does not need the actions of individuals to continue

One flaw in modernization theory is the unwillingness to recognize _________.

its inherent ethnocentric bias

Which best describes the results of a case study?

its results are not generally applicable

What is the one defining feature of a minority group?

lack of power

Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility?

meritocracy

The biggest difference between mores and folkways is that

mores are linked to morality, whereas folkways are tied to commonplace behaviors

The American flag is a material object that denotes the U.S. However, many associate ideas with the flag,like bravery and freedom. In this example, what are bravery and freedom?

nonmaterial culture

Using secondary data is considered an unobtrusive or ________ research method.

nonreactive

Many deaths in high-income nations are linked to

obesity

What research method did John S. Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd mainly use in their Middletown study?

participant observation

______ deviance is a violation of norms that ______result in a person being labeled a deviant.

primary; does not

Which research approach is best suited to the scientific method?

questionnaire

Cultural sanctions can also be viewed as ways that society:

regulates behavior

Mike, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Mike is living in:

relative poverty

The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification:

serves a purpose in society

The existence of social norms, both formal and informal, is one of the main things that inform ___________, otherwise known as encouraging social conformity.

social control

One flaw in dependency theory is the unwillingness to recognize _______.

that previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations

The GNI PPP figure represents:

the average annual income of a country's citizens

Social movements are:

the collective action of individuals working together in an attempt to establish new norms, beliefs, or values

In addition to social movements, social change is also caused by technology, social institutions, population and ______.

the environment

Misogyny is:

the hatred or dislike of women and is manifested through abusive language, violence, and sexual discrimination

Paco knows that women find him attractive, and he's never found it hard to get a date. But as he ages, he dyes his hair to hide the gray and wears clothes that camouflage the weight he has put on. Paco's behavior can be best explained by the concept of

the looking-glass self

. What is social epidemiology?

the study of the causes and distribution of diseases

In a study, a group of ten-year-old boys are fed doughnuts every morning for a week and then weighed to see how much weight they gained. Which factor is the dependent variable?

the weight gained

Weber believed humans could not be studied purely objectively because they were influenced by:

their culture

Prior to the 19th Amendment being ratified, women were not considered a legal person on their own.

true

Most cultures have been found to identify laughter as a sign of humor, joy, or pleasure. Laughter is anexample of:

universalism

A measurement is considered ________ if it actually measures what it is intended to measure, according to the topic of the study.

valid

Sociological studies test relationships in which change in one ________ causes change in another.

variable

A sociologist working from a symbolic interaction perspective would:

want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet, and support their households on a day-to-day basis

Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype?

women tend to be overly emotional, while men ted to be levelheaded

Slavery in the pre-Civil War U.S. South most closely resembled

chattel slavery

What did the Clark's use in their experiment noted in question 15?

children and dolls

What occurs in Lawrence Kohlberg's conventional level?

children begin to consider what society considers moral and immoral

The class, race, and gender inequalities in our healthcare system support the _____________ perspective.

conflict

Dependency theorists explain global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the way that:

core nations exploit peripheral nations

The Ku Klux Klan is an example of what part of culture?

counterculture

The terms _______ and ______ are often used interchangeably, but have nuances that differentiate them.

culture and society

Your eighty-three-year-old grandmother has been using a computer for some time now. As a way to keep in touch, you frequently send emails of a few lines to let her know about your day. She calls after every email to respond point by point, but she has never emailed a response back. This can be viewed as anexample of:

culture lag

Rodney and Elise are U.S. students studying abroad in Italy. When they are introduced to their host families,the families kiss them on both cheeks. When Rodney's host brother introduces himself and kisses Rodneyon both cheeks, Rodney pulls back in surprise. Where he is from, unless they are romantically involved,men do not kiss one another. This is an example of:

culture shock

According to C. Wright Mills, which of the following people is most likely to be a member of the power elite?

A senator

Which of the following best depicts Marx's concept of alienation from the process of one's labor?

A supermarket cashier always scans store coupons before company coupons because she was taught todo it that way.

According to national surveys, most U.S. parents support which type of sex education program in school?

Abstinence plus sexual safety

Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?

After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant.

The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as:

Class traits

A sociologist conducts research into the ways that Hispanic American students are historically underprivileged in the U.S. education system. What theoretical approach is the sociologist using?

Conflict theory

A sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a _________ perspective to understand the global economy.

Conflict theory

Which of the following situations best describes crime trends in the United States?

Rates of violent and nonviolent crimes are decreasing.

Which of the following best describes how deviance is defined?

Deviance is socially defined.

McDonald's restaurants are found in almost every country around the world. What is this an example of?

Diffusion

The major difference between invention and discovery is:

Discovery involves finding items that already exists, but invention puts things together in a new way

An example of high culture is _________, whereas an example of popular culture would be ____________.

Dostoevsky style in film; "American Idol" winners

Which of the following was a topic of study in early sociology?

Economics

Which of the following is an example of corporate crime?

Embezzlement

Why is choosing a random sample an effective way to select participants?

Everyone has the same chance of being part of the study

A ____________ perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealthy corporations improve the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money into the local economy, and improving transportation infrastructure.

Functional

The "American Dream"—the notion that anybody can be successful and rich if they work hard enough—is most commonly associated with which sociological theory?

Functionalism

To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance?

Functionalism

What theoretical perspective views society as having a system of interdependent inherently connected parts?

Functionalism

Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability?

Functionalism

Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?

Genocide

The Protestant work ethic is based on the concept of predestination, which states that ________.

God has already chosen those who will be saved and those who will be damned

According to Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, society is based on ________.

Habitual actions

Kenneth and Mamie Clark used sociological research to show that segregation was:

Harmful

Great Britain's healthcare system is an example of ______________

Socialized medicine

Who determines which illnesses are stigmatized?

Society

Which of the following societies were the first to have permanent residents?

Horticultural

Which statement illustrates value neutrality?

In 2003, states like Arkansas adopted laws requiring elementary schools to remove soft drink vending machines from schools

What does cornucopian theory argue?

that human ingenuity will solve any issues that overpopulation creates

Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11.

Islamophobia

Which founder of sociology believed societies changed due to class struggle?

Karl Marx

Who believed that the history of society was one of class struggle?

Karl Marx

Berger writes that sociology

Makes the familiar strange

The concept of the iron cage was popularized by which of the following sociological thinkers?

Max Weber

Which person or organization defined the concept of value neutrality?

Max Weber

The process by which aspects of life that were considered bad or deviant are redefined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy is called:

Medicalization

Which public healthcare system offers insurance primarily to people over sixty-five years old?

Medicare

Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor.

Melting pot

In the United States, most people define themselves as:

Middle class

If a sociologist says that nations evolve toward more advanced technology and more complex industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using _______ theory to study the global economy.

Modernization theory

What are the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in the United States? ADHD

Mood disorders

Which of the following organizations is not an example of a social movement?

National football league

Occupational prestige means that jobs are:

Not equally valued

Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist?

Participant observation

Which of the following is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children?

Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles.

What factor makes caste systems closed?

People cannot change their social standings.

What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor?

Pluralism

. According to the World Health Organization, what was the most frequent cause of death for children under five in low-income countries?

Pneumonia an diarrheal diseases

When sociologists think about technology as an agent of social change, which of the following is not an example?

Population growth

A student wakes up late and realizes their sociology exam starts in five minutes. They jump into their car and speed down the road, where they are pulled over by a police officer. The student explains that they are running late, and the officer lets them off with a warning. The student's actions are an example of _________.

Primary deviance

If a movement claims that the best way to reverse climate change is to reduce carbon emissions by outlawing privately owned cars, "outlawing cars" is the ________.

Prognostic framing

Societies practice social control to maintain

Social order

Chris Langan's story illustrates that:

Socialization can be more important then intelligence

Which of the following occupations is a person of power most likely to have in an information society?

Software engineer

The high unemployment rate among people with disabilities may be a result of

Stigmatization

Of these, which country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex?

Sweden

Members of a counterculture movement believed that the economic disparity between the highest and the mid to lower economic classes is growing at an exponentially alarming rate. A sociologist who studies that movement by examining the interactions between its members would most likely use what theoretical approach?

Symbolic interactionism

Which of these theories is most likely to look at the social world on a micro level?

Symbolic interactionism

Which event created a significant divide between Western Europe/America and the rest of the world?

The industrial war

A convicted sexual offender is released on parole and arrested two weeks later for repeated sexual crimes. How would labeling theory explain this?

The offender has been labeled deviant by society and has accepted a new master status.

What did Carol Gilligan believe earlier researchers into morality had overlooked?

The perspective of female

How do traditional models of global stratification breakdown different categories of countries?

They analyze the degree of industrialization.

Which of the following is true regarding U.S. socialization of recent high school graduates?

They are expected to enter college, trade school, or the workforce shortly after graduation

What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States?

They are the only group that is indigenous to the United States.

Speedy Gonzalez is an example of:

stereotyping

Modern-day hipsters are an example of:

subculture

Faith has a full-time job and two children. She has enough money for the basics and can pay her rent each month, but she feels that, with her education and experience, her income should be enough for her family to live much better than they do. Faith is experiencing:

subjective poverty