SOCI 2319 - Exam 2 (Ch 5 - 8)
Which of the following represents the numerical peak of European immigration, radically changing the ethnic character of U.S. society?
"New Immigration": The Second Great Wave (early 1880s-outbreak of WWI)
Which of the following headlines would you most likely find in a 19th-century newspaper article about Native Americans?
"Pushing westward through Indian territory"
The "official" Native American population today makes up about ________ percent of the total United States population
1
According to the 2012 U.S. Census, about what percentage of the U.S. population identifies as either entirely or partially black?
13 percent
The foreign-born in the United States make up about ________ of the society's total
13 percent
The foreign-born in the United States make up about ___________ of the society's total
13%
Hispanic Americans make up about ______ of the U.S. population, with ___________ comprising the largest group
17 percent; Mexican American
Nadie is a 19-year-old Native American. According to research, what is her risk of suicide as compared to the national average for her age group?
3 times as high
In 1940, about _______ of employed blacks were in white-collars jobs; in the year 2000, about _______ of employed blacks were in white-collar jobs
6 percent; 50 percent
In 2011, the median family income for blacks was about ___________ of the white median family income. This percentage is ____________________.
60 percent; not significantly different from what it was in the 1960s
Yolanda and Ramon are Mexican immigrants with two daughters. According to the 2012 census statistics, we can predict their household income will be about ________ that of the median income of a non-Hispanic white household
75 percent
In 2012, Hispanics comprised about __________ of all voters
9 percent
Anglo-conformity
A term coined by Milton M. Gordon in 1964 which states "the prevalent ethnic ideology, expressed most forcefully in government policies for most of U.S. history, is assimilation into the dominant group," wherein groups are expected to shed their ethnic uniqueness quickly and completely and take on the ways of the core culture
Immigrants most similar in culture and appearance to the Anglo-Saxon core have been most easily accepted into the U.S. primarily because
Anglo-conformity has generally been expected of immigrants
The ethnic ideology expressed most forcefully in public policies in the United States has been
Ango-conformity
Which statement best describes residential segregation among Hispanics?
As succeeding generations experience upward mobility, segregation is likely to decline
How was Chicanismo similar to the black nationalist movement?
Both movements were concerned with expanding socioeconomic opportunities
Who was a prominent leader of the Chicano movement of the 1960s and early 1970s, and what was his primary aim
Cesar Chavez, who sought to organize migrant farm workers
From 1887 to 1934, the efforts of the BIA in assimilating Native Americans into Euro-American culture were aided by
Christian churches
Which group has most effectively assimilated at the secondary structural level?
Cubans
Devon, a young black man with a high school education, seems to be stuck in low-paying, dead-end jobs. According to proponents of the "dysfunctional culture" hypothesis, which of the following is the most likely scenario for Devon?
Devon grew up in a high-crime neighborhood
What accounts for the relatively low levels of income and occupation among most Hispanic American groups?
Educational attainment
Which of the following was the major cause of Native American depopulation in the 19th century?
Epidemics brought by Europeans
Which of the following statements best describes Latino views of the criminal justice system?
Fewer than half of Latinos believe the courts will deal with them fairly
Which of the following are the two largest Euro-American ancestries today?
German and Irish
The two most sizable groups of the "Old Immigration" were
Germans and Irish
What term would European settlers have most likely used to refer to Native Americans?
Heathen
Among the racial/ethnic categories used by the U.S. Census, which of the following is most often designated as an ethnic category?
Hispanic
Which of the following is NOT amoung the most likely future trends regarding immigration and the ethnic makeup of the United States?
Immigrants will come mostly from Europe and other highly developed societies
Which of the following statements does NOT reflect the power of the core Anglo (dominant) ethnic group in America?
In recent decades, non-Europeans have dominated the flow of U.S. immigration
How did the Jim Crow era differ from the slavery era?
In the Jim Crow era, a separate set of institutions was built to serve blacks
Irene, a Native American, moved from a reservation to an urban area with her spouse and two children four years ago. Suppose her household income is equal to the 2011 median household income for Native Americans. How will it compare to the median household income of the general population?
Irene's household income will be about two-thirds of the household income of the general population
Which of the following groups was not present in American society in large numbers before the 1830s?
Irish
Which of the following couples illustrate the highest level of primary structural assimilation?
Jonah, a black male, and Jessica, a white female, are married
The leading country of origin of U.S. immigrants today is
Latin America and Asia
The leading country of origin of U.S. immigrants today is
Mexico
European settlers and Native Americans had differing cultural mindsets, which often led the settlers to assume that Native Americans were inferior to them. Which of the following was one of these differences?
Native Americans viewed land as communal property, whereas Europeans viewed land as private property
European settlers and Native Americans had differing cutlural mindsets, whcih often led the settlers to assume that Native Americans were inferior to them. Which of the following was one of these differences?
Native Americans viewed land as communal property, whereas Europeans viewed land as private property
European settlers and Native Americans had differing cultural mindsets, which often led the settlers to assume that Native Americans were inferior to them. Which of the following was one of these differences?
Native Americans viewed land as communal property, whereas Europeans viewed land as private property.
What was the rationale behind the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
Native Americans were not using their land as God intended
As of 2012, which of the following tribal groups occupies the largest area of land?
Navajo
Which of the following represents the numerical peak of European Immigration, radically changing the ethnic character of U.S. society?
New Immigration
Which of the following factors most influenced second-wave immigrants (the "New Immigration") to settle in cities in the U.S.?
Occupation
Which of the following is true of contemporary immigration?
On average, about one million immigrants come to the U.S. each year
The court decision that established the legal foundation for the Jim Crow system was
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
According to your text, what combination of factors accounts for the high unemployment rate among reservation Indians?
Poor education and geographical isolation
What is one key factor contributing to the relatively slow cultural assimilation among Latinos, particularly Mexican Americans?
Proximity of their society of origin
What does the belief that blacks are innately (biologically) inferior to whites exemplify?
Racist ideology
Which Hispanic person or grooup has had the most openly militant approach?
Reies Lopez Tijerina
The fact that immigrants do not always come from the poorest countries in the world can be explained by which of the following theories?
Social networks
Which Hispanic group has the highest median household income and the lowest level of poverty?
South Americans
The roots of Mexican Americans come primarily from
Spanish colonialism
How did the solutions to the "Indian Problem" and the "Euro-American Problem" differ?
The "Indian Problem" involved the assimilation of Native American culture into Western culture to maintain Euro-American social and political power
Who wages a "virulent" anti-Mexican campaign that led to the 1940 zoot suit riot?
The Los Angeles Press
Which factor accounts for the emergence of the black civil rights movement in the late 1950s?
The Supreme Court decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954, invalidating the "separate by equal" doctrine
Which of the following factors is most responsible for the recent increase of the Native American population?
The changes in the way the U.S. Census Bureau counts Native Americans
Which of the following has most contributed to Cuban success in the U.S.?
The favorable government policy towards Cubans
Which of the following factors is most responsible for the recent increase of the Native American population?
The growing tendency for people to declare their Native American affiliation
Contemporary Native American enterprises have been notably successful in legalized gambling. Some tribes, such as the Seminoles, have used their casino profits to purchase other properties. How have gambling enterprises impacted the Native American population as a whole?
The immense success of a few tribes has distorted the continuing deprived conditions of most people living on reservations
Which of the following statistics best describes the current number of Native American college students?
The number of Native American students attending and graduating from college has steadily risen in the last 15 years
Which of the following is a primary issue with regard to the secondary structural assimilation of Native Americans?
The political and legal disparities of living on and off reservations
What is one major reason that blacks, as opposed to other ethnic groups, were enslaved?
Their physical and cultural traits were more obviously distinct
Which statement best describes the Puerto Rican population?
They are not technically immigrants
Who publicly labeled himself "Cablinasian?"
Tiger Woods
The trend towards retraditionalization has led to debates within the Native American community. Which question would most likely be asked in this debate?
What makes an authentic Indian?
One limitation to Latino political power is
a lack of group mobilization
The Miami ethnic enclave is an example of
a subeconomy that serves and employs Cuban immigrants
Cody has health insurance through the federal Indian Health Service, the primary health care provider for Native Americans. How much does the government spend on his health care in comparison to other populations?
aboout half of what the government spends on a prisoner
Today, reference to the Anglo-American group is meant to include
all white Protestants of northwest European origin
Most white Americans
approve of black-white dating
Approximately how many undocumented immigrants are estimated to be in the United States?
approx eleven million
Puerto Ricans in the U.S. today
are mostly second- and third-generation immigrants
The use of firearms for hunting among native populations in the 19th century is an example of
assimilation
Joann and Mark, a white American couple, are planning to purchase a home in the next year or so. They approve of residential integration as a concept, but are not looking for homes in areas with a high percentage of blacks. What concept are they most illustrating?
aversive racism
Most Latino Americans
believe that citizens and residents of the United States should learn English
The "Old Immigration" occurred
between 1820 and 1880
In every economic measure
blacks lag behind whites
The relationship between the first European settlers and Native North Americans can best be characterized by which of the following progression of events?
contact-ethnocentrism-competition-differential power
In the last two decades, Native Americans have been able to insist on self-determination because of the
control of natural resources by Native American tribes.
The push-pull theory of immigration primarily stresses the importance of
cost-benefit analyses by potential immigrants
Social networks
create a migration chain, wherein people tend to immigrate to locations that have already been settled by other family members, friends, or coethnics, thereby creating ethnic institutions such as churches, businesses, boardinghouses, etc. that serve the needs of expanding ethnic communities
The British-French rivalry in the fur trade led to
deadly conflicts among the tribal nations aligned with each country
The evolution of slavery in the United States was primarily prompted by the
demand for cheap labor in underpopulated colonies
"Pan-Indianism" refers to the
development of an "Indian" consciousness that transcends tribal divisions
The critical factor in choosing blacks for enslavement over Indians was
differential power
At the start of the 19th century, white settlers became more determined than ever to dispossess Native Americans of their land. One way in which the settlers accomplished this objective was by
discouraging cultural assimilation and encouraging isolation
The vast majority of immigrants coming to the United States today are seeking
economic betterment
One of the major achievements of the Civil Rights movement is the
emergence of a large black middle class
During the late 15th century European expansion into North America, the indigenous populations
extended over the entire Western Hemisphere
During the late 15th-century European expansion into North America, the indigenous populations
extended over the entire Western Hemisphere.
By 1860, the population of most of America's largest cities was nearly
half foreign-born
By 1860, the population of most of Americas largest cities was nearly
half foreign-born
Regarding education, African Americans
have similar high school dropout rates as whites
Sara moved from Puerto Rico with her parents when she was 10 years old. If she is like the majority of Hispanic Americans, she
identifies herself as Puerto Rican
Due to migration chains
immigrant workers in one factory in the U.S. may all be from the same town
The near-extinction of the buffalo in the late 19th century
increased Native American dependence on the federal government
Land agreements between Native Americans and the early colonists treated Indian nations as
independent political entities
Most racial discrimination in American society today is
indirect
One of the primary purposes of government-run boarding schools in the late 19th century was to
indoctrinate Native American children in Euro-American culture
Which of the following groups was not present in American society in large numbers before the 1830s?
irish
The rate of intermarriage among Native Americans
is higher than for other nonwhite racial-ethnic groups
Hispanic-American marital assimilation
is increasing
'Pull Factor' dynamic of immigration
is the condition that exerts an attraction to a target society such as jobs, an expanding economy, availability of land, political and religious freedoms, or a higher quality of life
'Push Factor' dynamic of immigration
is the economic, social, and political conditions in the origin society that exert a stimulus for people to leave such as economic hardships, lack of jobs, political oppression, religious suppression, and poor quality of life
In many cases, early English settlers referred to "Indians" as "savages" in order to
justify taking their land.
__________ in the American Southwest drove Mexican immigration to the U.S. in the 19th and 20th centuries
labor needs
Among Latinos, __________ is most strongly correlated to the acceptance of mainstream American values
language
_____________ continues to draw the strongest divide between Hispanics and whites living in Miami
language
According to the idea of "black middle-class fragility," the black-white economic gap is largely attributable to
marginal and tenuous second-class socioeconomic status
The Mexican American population is best characterized as
mestizo
The newest immigrants (the Third Wave) differ from those of past immigrant waves in that they are mostly
non-European in origin
The chief tactic of the black civil rights movement during the early 1960s was
nonviolent protest
Which of the following factors most influenced second-wave immigrants (the "New Immigration") to settle in cities in the U.S.?
occupation
The Red Power movement
occurred in the same period as the Civil Rights movement.
Which of the following is true of contemporary immigration?
on average, about one million immigrants come to the U.S. each year
At the turn of the century (around 1900), to be black, one needed to have __________ of black ancestry
one drop
In a national survey of Latinos in 2010, about ___________ of respondents said they or a family member had experienced discrimination based on race or ethnicity in the past five years. Interestingly, __________ of Americans say that Hispanics are discriminated against "a lot."
one-third; one quarter
The American brand of slavery wasy primarily a system of
paternalistic domination
In terms of attitudes, blacks and whites differ primarily in terms of their
perception of discrimination in American society
The movement of Cubans to the United States has been a voluntary immigration impelled by __________ motives
political
According to your text, what combination of factors accounts for the high unemployment rate among reservation Indians?
poor education and geographical isolation
Since the 1960s, the black community has progressed least in
reducing the plight of the underclass
At the start of the 19th century, white settlers became more determined than ever to dispossess Native Americans of their land. One way in which the settlers accomplished this objective was by
relating Native Americans through the negotiated purchase of land
South Americans are most similar to Cubans in their
relatively high levels of education
According to historian Winthrop Jordan (1969), the initialrationalization for the enslavement of blacks stemmed from the __________ differences between whites and blacks
religious
At the start of the 19th century, white settlers became more determined than ever to dispossess Native Americans of their land. One way in which the settlers accomplished this objective was by
relocating Native Americans through the negotiated purchase of land
African Americans have not followed the same path of upward mobility as other American ethnic groups largely because of the lack of
residential dispersion
Which of the following events occurred in the 1960s and had an equally strong impact on American society as the Civil Rights Movement?
revised immigration laws
The Ghost Dance religious movement in the late 1880s led to the
slaughter of hundreds of Sioux Indians by the U.S. military
The fact that immgrants do not always come from the poorest countries in the world can be explained by which of the following theories?
social networks
Dominicans resemble Puerto Ricans most in their
socioeconomic status
Operation Wetback was designed to
stem the flow of undocumented Mexican immigrants in the 1950s
The Self-Determination and Education Assistance allowed tribes to
take control of federal programs on reservations.
All of the following were factors responsible for the curtailing of large-scale immigration from Europe EXCEPT
the Hart-Cellar Act
The most sizable population of contemporary black immigration to the United States comes from
the West Indies
Which of the following statements best describes the socioeconomic class of the current black population in the United States?
the black population is divided into a stable middle/working class and a depressed underclass
The higher levels of self-pride among blacks today than those of 50 years ago can be most attributed to
the black power movement
The essential idea of the "melting pot" was
the cultures of different ethnic groups would eventually fuse into a single American culture
A limitation of the push-pull theory is that it fails to account for
the fact that many immigrants do not come from relatively poor countries
Which of the following has most contributed to Cuban success in the U.S.?
the favorable government policy toward Cubans
Contemporary Native American enterprises have been notably successful in legalized gambling. Some tribes, such as the Seminoles, have used their casino profits to purchase other properties. How have gambling enterprises impacted the Native American population as a whole?
the immense success of a few tribes has distorted the continuing deprived conditions of most people living on reservations
Cultural pluralism
the objective of which is, rather than a fusion of diverse ethnic groups, is the preservation of each
Which of the following is associated with the Red Power movement?
the occupation of Alcatraz Island
Which of the following statements best describes the Latino population in the United States?
they have extraordinary class diversity
Which of the following factors most influenced second-wave immigrants (the "New Immigration") to settle in cities in the U.S.?
they were mainly industrial workers and settled in cities and towns that supported those industries
John Collier, head of the BIA in the 1930s, is credited with proposing the idea of
tribal self-rule
Fernando, a Cuban American, immigrated to the United States in 1960. He would most likely be characterized as
white
The intermediate tier of the American ethnic hierarchy today consists of
white Catholics, Jews, and Asians
The intermediate tier of the American ethnic hierarchy today consists of
white ethnics of various national origins (mostly Catholic and Jewish) and many Asians
Studies have shown that the continuation of residential segregation of blacks from whites is primarily a product of
white resistance to residential integration
W. E. B. Du Bois argued that the primary responsibility for the changing the place of blacks in American society rested with
whites
