SOCI 336 FINAL

white aesthetic

*seeks to normalize whiteness*, the racist aesthetic seeks to depict people of color in negative ways; it infantilizes, demonizes, and exoticizes.

Color Blindness

-people would be considered individuals and not grouped -purpose is to imagine and encourage a world where race no longer serves as a basis for stigmatization, discrimination, inequality or injustice

Blacks and Hispanics account for approximately __ percent of all prisoners, and make up __ of the U.S. population. a. 25; 58 b. 58; 25 c. 13; 50 d. 85; 13

58 : 25

Hyphenation

A way to tolerate outsider's cultures or qualities with the recognition that they are still outsiders --> rigid assimilation -primarily a european dominated tool and has not been successful in breaching the racism problem

In the early 1990s, the Supreme Court ruled that "political" gerrymandering was unconstitutional. T or F

True

President Obama has deported more undocumented immigrants than any other president. True or false

True

Over the entire span of U.S. history, ____ percent of people elected to the Senate have been nonwhite. a. 1 b. 10 c. 20 d. 50

a. 1%

_______ student activists played a key role in forming a third world liberation front. A. African American B. Asian American C. Native American D. Arab American

B. Asian American

Who utilized the campaign tactic that came to be know as the "Southern Strategy," which helped to polarize the electorate around racial politics and to recruit masses of southern whites into the Republican Party? A. JFK B. Richard Nixon C. George Wallace D. Ronald Reagan

B. Richard Nixon

Which of the following policies is partly responsible for the massive prison boom? a. legalization of marijuana b. three-strike laws c. decreased sentences for nonviolent crimes

B. three strike laws

Why must we be aware of the tokenistic fallacy when discussing political representation by nonwhite politicians?

Because there have only been 19 nonwhite political representatives in elected official history. Processes such as gerrymandering show the efforts people go to to ensure biased votes there is a fine line bc nonwhite officials do not always support policies of equality or think one minded towards helping their particular race or ethnicity

Collective Action

Bringing about transformative and effective social change through *united forms of action* Ex. public protest, strikes, sustained boycotts, public demonstrations, *civil disobedience*, racial uprisings etc.

Research has conclusively shown that prisons successfully prevent crime. True or false

False

T or F: most illegal drug trafficking is gang related

False

America has higher crime rates than other industrialized countries. True or False

False: not the highest crime but highest incarceration rates

Multiculturism

The ideal that envisions society in which racial diversity is taken into account and valued for its own sake --> dignity of all human beings to be recognized

Racial domination is *reflected* by:

the white aesthetic

Underground Economy

"combined forms of enterprise classified as criminal under current law" -references the drug trade and the War on Drugs -largest contributor to the UE is illegal drugs --> 8% of global UE

Which civil rights movement organization focused mainly on fighting racism? A. NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) B. SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) C. SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) D. CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)

A. NAACP primarily regarding cases that dismantled legal barriers preventing blacks from voting

Which of the following types of crime is more profitable? a. white collar crime b. street crime

A. White collar crime

In what year were black Americans able to fully participate in American democracy? A. 1865 (13th Amendment) B. 1868 (14th Amendment) C. 1963 (Civil Rights Act) D. 1965 (Voting Rights Act)

C. 1965 Civil Rights Act

Who founded the United Farm Workers of American (UFW)? A. MLK B. Wilma Mankiller C. Cesar Chavez D. Ella Baker

C. Cesar Chavez

Which of the following is true about prisons? a. there are less prisoners today than there are in the decades after the civil war b. the number of people in prison has been steadily increasing every year c. in the 1970s the prison population increased significantly

C. in the 1970s the prison population increased significantly

Why were black churches so central to the organization of the Civil Rights Movement?

Churches served as meeting hubs because they were isolated from the white power structure. They were a place where people could voice their needs, opinions and problems in a safe place and had a large black audience. They also had financial safety as preachers were not in danger of losing jobs

More than ______women are abused by their partners each year. a. 10,000 b. 600,000 c. 1 million d. 6 million

D. 6 million

According to research cited in the text, most whites today explain racial disparities by pointing to: A. structural constraints b. interpersonal racism c. gerrymandering d. individual failings

D. Individual Failings Believe that all nonwhites have to do to feel included is to "work hard"

How does multiculturalism differ from color blindness?

Multiculturalism embraces the realities of diversity where as color blindness encourages and wants abolish the idea of race as relevant category in society

Interpersonal Racism

Racial discrimination or racial domination that manifests in the everyday interactions and practices of people and society. *overt racism*

Heteronormativity

The belief that people fall into two distinct binary gender categories: male or female assumes that heterosexuality is the norm

Why are ID voter laws so controversial?

They are thought to only exist to encourage minority or low income voters from coming to the polls also voter impersonation charges have been EXTREMELY uncommon

What are some examples of implicit racial appeals used by politicians?

Using implicit appeals to play the "race card" The 1988 election between Dukakis and Bush: Horton murder case (black murderer/raper of white couple) Overt ways of saying discrimination such as "forced busing, cutting taxes, state's rights" (Lee Atwater)

Disenfranchisement

a series of laws, new constitutions, and practices that deliberately were used to prevent black citizens from registering to vote and voting. -poll taxes, jim crow laws, literacy tests, etc.

Which of the following is true about American women in prison today? a. Women are incarcerated at lower rates in the United States than in most other industrialized nations. b. Most women in prison are mothers. c. The number of women in prison has been steadily decreasing. d. White women are more likely to be incarcerated than black and Hispanic women.

b. Most women in prison are mothers.

Cultural Appropriation

occurs when members of one ethnic or racial group adopt a cultural product associated with another.

What is "Gerrymandering"

process by which elected politicians redraw and manipulate the borders of political districts to secure political advantages

Racist aesthetic

seeks to represent people of color but cannot fully

Institutional Racism

systematic white domination of people of color, embedded in: -corporations -universities -legal systems -political bodies -cultural life and other collectives

Challenging racial domination is supported by:

the antiracist aesthetic

Florida Effect

the concept that supports the idea that white citizens are more willing to put their tax dollars behind public programs that will overwhelmingly benefit members of their own racial groups -average taxpayer in FL is white elder and average student is latino --> taxpayers don't feel good about support latino children

Racial domination is *supported* by:

the racist aesthetic