SOCI: chapter 9

How do most sociologists differentiate between sex and gender? A. Sex is biological; gender is social. B. Both relate to genetics, but hormones have a greater influence on gender. C. Sex comes from DNA; gender comes from hormones. D. Sex is genetic; gender is about primary and secondary sex characteristics. E. Gender is biological; sex is social.

A. Sex is biological; gender is social.

How do sociologists differentiate between sex and gender? A. Sex is biological; gender is social. B. Both relate to genetics, but hormones influence gender more. C. Sex comes from DNA; gender comes from hormones. D. Sex is genetic; gender is about primary and secondary sex characteristics. E. Gender is biological; sex is social.

A. Sex is biological; gender is social.

Most sociologists see gender as a social construction and acknowledge the possibility that male-female categories are not the only way of classifying individuals. This perspective is called: A. a constructionist perspective. B. an essentialist perspective. C. a macro perspective. D. an interactionist perspective. E. a gender role socialization perspective.

A. a constructionist perspective.

People who see gender as immutable and deriving solely from biology are called: A. essentialists. B. social constructionists. C. queer theorists. D. structural functionalists. E. globalists.

A. essentialists.

Secondary sex characteristics include: A. facial hair, body hair, musculature. B. internal reproductive organs. C. genitals and gonads. D. hormones and pituitary glands. E. all of the above

A. facial hair, body hair, musculature.

In the past, bank tellers were overwhelmingly male, but today they are mostly female. Which of the following could explain this shift? A. The number of women in the workforce has declined. B. Changes in technology made the work easier and less important, which drove down wages and prestige accorded to the job. C. The gendered division of labor has increasingly spread to areas of the economy that used to be gender neutral. D. Banks are more heavily regulated by the government than in the past, making them more likely to be sexist. E. The banking industry is much more important in today's globalized economy, and this added prestige draws more women to the job.

B. Changes in technology made the work easier and less important, which drove down wages and prestige accorded to the job.

You observe children on a school playground and find some girls playing sports with boys, but almost no boys playing jump rope with girls. Why? A. Boys are more likely to get hurt playing jump rope. B. Children are mocked for crossing gender lines, and boys are mocked more than girls. C. Teachers enforce gender norms and officially discourage boys from playing with girls. D. Boys are more naturally suited for the physical competition of sports, while girls excel at the sort of cooperation that goes into activities like jump rope. E. Parents have made sure to instruct their children to avoid any cross-gender playground activities, because they fear that it will lead to their children being labeled abnormal.

B. Children are mocked for crossing gender lines, and boys are mocked more than girls.

Why might a third-wave feminist be annoyed with members of the second wave for talking about how women needed access to jobs and careers, like those available to men, that would give their lives meaning? A. Second-wave feminists already had pretty good jobs, so they shouldn't have complained. B. Second-wave feminists hid the differences between women, so the concerns of women of color, lesbians, and lower-class women tended to be marginalized. C. Third-wave feminists would argue that being a wife and mother, as long as it's freely chosen, is just as fulfilling as any career. D. Third-wave feminists think that higher education and capitalist jobs are part of the problem and need to be torn down. E. Second-wave feminists never managed to achieve real success in gaining access to higher education.

B. Second-wave feminists hid the differences between women, so the concerns of women of color, lesbians, and lower-class women tended to be marginalized.

When people refer to Audre Lorde as "the black lesbian poet Audre Lorde," what are they doing? A. They are trying to help women overcome the effects of discrimination. B. They are reinforcing stereotypes about who "should" be a poet. C. They are being sensationalistic and trying to make her sound more appealing because of her sexual orientation. D. They are creating a double standard. E. They are casting doubts about her poetic ability.

B. They are reinforcing stereotypes about who "should" be a poet.

A belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes is called: A. conflict theory. B. feminism. C. social constructionism. D. interactionism. E. Darwinism.

B. feminism.

The National Organization for Men Against Sexism believes that: Traditional masculinity includes many positive characteristics in which we take pride and find strength, but it also contains qualities that have limited and harmed us. As an organization dedicated to changing men, we care about men and are especially concerned with men's problems, as well as the difficult issues in most men's lives. What qualities or beliefs associated with traditional masculinity are identified as being harmful to men? A. a willingness to allow women to be in charge B. the idea that men are superior C. the idea that men and women are different D. the existence of gender E. the idea that men can share their feelings and express vulnerability

B. the idea that men are superior

How do men and women experience gender harassment differently in the military? A. Men never report being harassed. B. Men are more likely to be harassed by their fellow trainees, while women are more likely to be harassed by their drill sergeants. C. Men are more likely to be harassed by their drill sergeants, while women are more likely to be harassed by their fellow trainees. D. Women are most often harassed by their superior officers. E. Men are far more likely to report being the object of unwanted gender harassment.

C. Men are more likely to be harassed by their drill sergeants, while women are more likely to be harassed by their fellow trainees.

In the introduction to a paper on gender, the sociologist Rae Blumberg said that the central principle behind gender in our society is "remember the golden rule: he who has the gold makes the rules." What kind of theorist is Blumberg? A. one who focuses on language and interaction B. a third-wave feminist C. a conflict theorist D. a functionalist E. a symbolic interactionist

C. a conflict theorist

How do single fathers' incomes compare to those of single mothers? A. They are about the same. B. Single fathers make more money in urban, but not in rural, areas. C. Single mothers with only one child make more money, but not mothers with more children. D. Single fathers make considerably more money. E. Single mothers make considerably more money.

D. Single fathers make considerably more money.

The belief that the experiences of women and men differ as a result of differences in anatomy is called: A. gender theory. B. social lens theory. C. transsexuality D. human sexual dimorphism. E. social constructionism.

D. human sexual dimorphism.

What group of people is forcing contemporary society to broaden its definitions of sex and gender? A. social scientists B. female athletes C. feral children D. transgendered E. housewives

D. transgendered

According to conflict theory, why are women's contributions to family life devalued? A. The resources provided by men are ultimately more valuable. B. Juvenile delinquency and crime decline when both parents work. C. When no one plays the expressive role, family life remains the same. D. Women are entering the workforce in greater numbers. E. Men attempt to maintain their dominant status.

E. Men attempt to maintain their dominant status.