Social Psych Mid-Term #3 Chapter 9
T/F: Computer-generated images that average the features of different faces are NOT seen as more attractive than the individual faces.
FALSE, the computer-generated averaged out images are seen as more attractive.
Does reciprocity work better when someone's opinion of us stays positive? Or when it converts from positive to negative?
When it converts from positive to negative. We like others who like us and are socially selective.
T/F: When it comes to romantic relationships, opposites attract.
FALSE
"Birds of a feather flock together" or "opposites attract" which is more common?
"Birds of a feather flock together"
Two ingredients to passionate love
1) A heightened state of physiological arousal and 2) the belief that this arousal was triggered by the beloved person.
sexual orientation
A person's preference for member of the same sex (homosexuality), opposite sex, (heterosexuality) or both sexes (bisexuality)
Companionate love
A secure, trusting, stable partnership. (2)
Triangular theory of love
A theory proposing that love has three basic components: intimacy, passion, and commitment--that can be combined to produce 8 subtypes.
loneliness
A feeling of deprivation about existing social relations
reciprocity
A mutual exchange between what we give and receive--for example, liking those who like us.
Loneliest groups in American society?
Adolescents and young adults
With external threats and fear people seek?
Affiliation
Evolutionary perspective of attraction
All humans exhibit patterns of attraction and mate selection that favor the conception, birth, and survival of their offspring.
When is loneliness most likely to strike?
During times of transition or disruption (first year of college, after a break up)
Stage theories propose that close relationships go through specific stages BUT
Evidence for a fixed sequence is weak
T/F: Infants do NOT discriminate between faces considered attractive and unattractive in their culture.
FALSE
T/F: People who are physically attractive are happier and have higher self-esteem than those who are unattractive
FALSE
Three components of intimate relationships:
Feelings of attachment, fulfillment of psychological needs and interdependence
Males: Saw picture of women with the red background as more attractive
Females: Did not go with the "romantic red"
In exchange relationships, people are oriented toward reward and immediate reciprocity;
In communal relationships, partners are responsive to each other's needs.
Why do Evolutionary Psychologists say that women seek men with financial security?
In order to ensure the survival of their offspring.
Do we prefer people who are: non-selective, moderately selective, or too selective?
Moderately selective
Men tend to seek out women who are not promiscuous because
Promiscuity diminishes certainty of paternity
Stage theories:
Propose that close relationships go through specific stages, but evidence for a fixed sequence is weak
Passionate Love
Romantic love characterized by high arousal, intense attraction, and fear of rejection. (1)
Three characteristics that influence attraction:
Similarity, reciprocity, and being hard to get.
People are motivated to establish and maintain an optimum level of?
Social contact
With embarrassment people seek?
Solitude
One condition that can strongly arouse our need for affiliation is?
Stress
T/F: Contrary to popular belief, complementarity in needs or personality does not spark attraction.
TRUE
Two basic and necessary factors in the attraction process
The Proximity Effect The Mere Exposure Effect
what-is-beautiful-is-good stereotype
The belief that physically attractive individuals also posses desirable personality characteristics.
Commitment
The cognitive component, which reflects the decision to make a long term commitment to a loved partner
need for affiliation
The desire to establish and maintain many rewarding interpersonal relationships
Intimacy
The emotional component, which involves liking and feelings of closeness
Passion
The motivational component, which contains drives that trigger attraction, romances and sexual desire.
Mere exposure Effect
The phenomenon whereby the more often people are exposed to a stimulus, the more positively they evaluate that stimulus. Familiarity breeds attraction.
excitation transfer
The process whereby arousal caused by one stimulus is added to arousal from a second stimulus and the combined arousal is attributed to the second stimulus.
matching hypothesis
The proposition that people are attracted to others who are similar in physical attractiveness
The Proximity Effect
The single best predictor of whether two people will get together is physical proximity or nearness. (IE where we live influences our friends and who we date) Proximity does not necessarily spark attraction.
hard-to-get-effect
The tendency to prefer people who are highly selective in their social choices over those who are readily available.
Men seek women who are young and attractive because
These are attributes that signal health and fertility
T/F: After the honeymoon period, there is an overall decline in levels of marital satisfaction
True
T/F: Men are more likely than women to interpret friendly gestures by the opposite sex in sexual terms
True
T/F: People seek out the company of others, even strangers, in times of stress
True
T/F: Perceptions of facial beauty are largely consistent across cultures?
True
People facing an imminent threat seek each other out in order to gain?
cognitive clarity
An exclusive homosexual orientation is rare among humans and other animals, what is more common?
homosexual behaviors
Arousal intensifies emotional reactions both:
positive and negative
People with secure attachment styles have more...
satisfying romantic relationships than do those with insecure (anxious or avoidant) styles
Loving
the kind of feeling you would have for a romantic partner
Liking
the type of feeling you would have for a platonic friend