Social Psych Test 3

Bad feelings can come from being socially excluded. When this happens, people are more likely to

not feel much empathy for others

Thanatos is __________.

Freud's idea of a death wish that becomes redirected towards others as aggression.

what is the relationship between gender and aggression?

Men are more likely to engage in direct aggression, women are more likely to engage in indirect aggression.

The idea that physiological arousal produced in one situation can persist and intensify emotional responses in a different situation is known as ____.

The excitation transfer theory

Social loafing is ________.

a reduction in motivation and effort when people work collectively in a group.

The set of behaviors that individuals occupying specific positions within a group are expected to preform is ______.

a role.

one component of empathy involves perspective taking. One type of perspective taking involves imagining how _____.

another person perceives an event and feels about it as a result

Behavior that is intended to harm another is known as ____.

aggression

Behavior that is motivated by an unselfish concern for the welfare of others is known as ____.

altruism

The hostile expectation bias is _________.

an expectation that other people with behave aggressively

Two neighbors are working together to build a stone fence through a field. They both help each other move larger rocks. This is an example of _____.

cooperation

The choice to withdraw from a group is based in part on the conclusion that other group members _____.

can no longer be included within the self-concept

The idea that providing angry people with a chance to express their aggressive impulses in relatively safe ways will lead to a reduction in their tendencies to engage in more harmful kinds of aggression is the ______.

catharsis hypothesis

Members of a _______ group are linked by face-to-face interaction.

common-bond

Two brothers have inherited a small plot of land from their parents. One brother wants to sell the land and divide the money. the other wants to use the land as collateral for a loan. This is an example of _______.

conflict

University alumni associations, as a group, have ______ for many of its members.

considerable entiativity

Ruth enjoys helping other by volunteering at a shelter. Her mood is elevated before she gets there and lasts a few days afterwards. This best represents ______.

empathetic joy hypothesis

When we find that our group identity may become indistinguishable from other identities we tend to ______.

favor policies that would reinforce separation between the two groups

The inhibiting effect of multiple bystanders to an emergency is lessened if the group of bystanders are _______.

friends

A bully's victim usually _______.

has less power than the bullies

Anderson and collegues (1997) in an archival study of the relationship between temperature and aggression found that years of higher temperatures produced ______.

higher rates of violent crimes; but not higher rates of property crimes

Marian, who is wearing a distinctive and pleasant perfume, has dropped all of the contents of her purse and is in need of assistance. The fact that she is wearing perfume should _____.

increase her likelihood of receiving help

being part of a large crowd and experiencing deindividuation ______.

increases the probability that crowd members will follow the norms of the crowd.

if a bystander is in a particularly good mood, that bystander is ______ to offer help in an ambiguous situation because the bystander may ______.

less likely; interpret the situation as a nonemergency

A person who has experienced an arousing event _____.

may transfer that arousal to another situation

Some support for an evolutionary explanation for aggression comes from gender differences that show _____.

men are more aggressive towards other men than towards women.

group members who undergo sever initiations in order to join often find they are _____ than members of groups that have an open-member policy.

more commited

In one study on social behavior, participants in a dark room or wearing dark sunglasses were ____.

more likely to exaggerate their scores because they felt relatively anonymous.

people who imagine how another person both perceives an event and how that person must feel as a result tend to be ______.

motivated to perform prosocial behaviors.

Actions that benefit others without providing any direct benefit to the actor are known as ____.

prosocial behavior

the effect on our performance that results from the presence of others is _____.

social faciliation

One current perspective on aggression suggests that aggressive behavior is triggered by a variety of situational and individual variables that influence affect, cognitions, and arousal. This is known as ________.

the general aggression model

additive tasks are tasks for which ______.

the group product is the sum of the individual members' efforts.

Paul, an active 2 year old, has developed a very secure attachment with his mother. In addition, his parents encourage Paul to watch tv shows such as Barney. As a result, Paul is likely to grow up ______.

to be a kind, empathetic person.

Based on Burnstein's research, if a person were confronted with rescuing a person or animal in a burning building, she would more likely rescue a _____ than a ______.

young female close relative: middle age female close relative