Social Psychology Chapter 10

Instrumental (Proactive) Aggression

"cold",premeditated, calculated harmful behavior that is a means to same practical or material end such as, obtaining money

Hostile (Reactive) Aggression

"hot", impulsive, angry behavior motivated by a desire to harm someone

no

Are all aggressive acts violent?

yes

Are all violent acts aggressive?

Myth #5

Decreasing violent crime rates prove hat media violence doesn't increase societal violence

Withdrawal,Aggression

Fear is associated with _____, whereas anger is associated with______

Fear, Anger

Flight tendencies lead to _____, whereas fight tendencies lead to _______

Euros

In Freudian theory, the constructive life-giving instinct

Thanatos

In Freudian theory, the destructive death instinct

objective

Is density objective or subjective

Myth #4

One cannot know whether violent media cause aggression

Third Person Effect

People believe the media have a much stronger effect on others than on themselves

Myth #1

The level of violence in the mass media simply mirrors the level of violence in the real world

Myth #2

Violent media are cathartic (allows one to purge angry feelings) and therefore decrease aggression

Myth #3

Violent media have a trivial effect on aggression

Fight or flight syndrome

a response to stress that involves aggressing against others or running away

Tend to befriend syndrome

a response to stress that involves nurturing others and making friends

Deindividuation

a sense of anonymity and loss of individuality, as in a large group, making people especially to engage in antisocial behaviors such as theft

Culture of Honor

a society that places high value of individual respect, strength, and virtue, and accepts and justifies violent action in response to threats to one's honor

Humiliation

a state of disgrace or loss of self-respect

Violence

aggression that has as its goal to extreme physical harm, such as injury or death

Instinct

an innate tendency to seek a particular goal, such as food, water, sex

Aggression

any behavior intended to harm another person who is motivated to avoid the harm

Displaced Aggression

any behavior that intentionally harm a substitute target rather than the provocateur. (taking your anger from work home with you and taking it out on your wife/husband)

Indirect aggression

any behavior that intentionally harms another person who is physically absent

Direct aggression

any behavior that intentionally harms another person who is physically present

Relational (Social) Aggression

behavior that involves intentionally harming another person's social relationships, feelings of acceptance, or inclusion with a group

Frustration

blockage of or interference with a personal goal

subjective

is crowding objective or subjective

Honor Killing

killing another individual who has brought "dishonor" to the family

Injunctive norms

norms that specify what most others approve or disapprove of

Descriptive norms

norms that specify what most people do

Lying

not telling the truth

Modeling

observing and copying or imitating the behavior of others

Bullying

persistent aggression by a perpetrator against a victim for the purpose of establishing a power relationship

Frustration-Aggression hypothesis

proposal that "the occurrence of aggressive behavior always presupposes the existence of frustration" and "the existence of frustration always leads to some form of aggression"

Broken Window Theory

proposal that signs of disorder such as broken windows, litter, and graffiti induce other antisocial behaviors

Running Amok

refers to behavior of a young man who becomes "uncontrollably" violent after receiving a blow to his ego

Taboo Words

socially unacceptable words such as profanity or swear words

Serotonin

the "feel good" neurotransmitter, low levels of which have been liked to aggression and violence in both animals and humans

Passive Aggression

the aggressor fails to respond in a helpful manner

Active Aggression

the aggressor responds in a hurtful manner

Weapons Effect

the increase in aggression that occurs as a result of the mere presence of a weapon

Testosterone

the male sex hormone, high levels of which have been linked to aggression and violence in both animals and humans

Aggressor Effect

the more you consume, the more aggressive you become

Victim Effect

the more you consume, the more you fear

Appetite effect

the more you consume, the more you want

Density

the number of people in a given area

Crowding

the subjective and unpleasant feeling that there are too many people in a given area

Hostile Expectation Bias

the tendency to assume that people will react to potential conflicts with aggression (if you bump into another person, you expect that person will assume that you did it on purpose and will attack you in return)

Hostile Attribution Bias

the tendency to perceive ambiguous actions by others as aggressive (if someone bumps In to you, a hostile attribution would be that person did it on purpose to hurt you

Hostile Perception Bias

the tendency to perceive interactions in general as being aggressive (seeing two people have a conversation and assuming that they are fighting)

Psychological Reactance

the unpleasant emotional response people experience when someone is trying to restrict their freedom to engage in a desired behavior

Cyberbullying

the use of the internet to bully others

Plagiarize

to claim the ideas or words of another person as one's own without crediting that person

Identity Theft

using someone's personal information in order to obtain money or credit from their bank accounts

Domestic Violence

violence that occurs within the home or family, between people who have close relationship with each other

3 important features to determine aggression

1. aggression is a behavior, you can see it 2.aggression is intentional, and the intent is to harm 3. the victim wants to avoid the harm