Social Psychology Final Exam - Pro Social Behavior/Aggression/Prejudice/Groups/Social Dilemmas/Integrating

An individual finds out he lost his job. The next day, he storms into the office where he used to work and shoots some of his coworkers because he was "just so angry at all of them." This action would be classified as -indirect aggression. -assertive aggression. -emotional aggression. -instrumental aggression.

emotional aggression.

Which of the following people is most likely to express stereotypical and prejudiced views? -Cecilia, who has reduced conformity tendencies -Paul, who is a low self-monitor -Abigail, who is newcomer to her social group -Nyla, who is seen as a leader by her friends

Abigail, who is newcomer to her social group

Which of the following is NOT one of the explanations reviewed in the text about how the authoritarian personality develops? -Authoritarianism develops as a result of severe punishment by parents during childhood. -An authoritarian personality develops as a result of stereotype threat. -Tendencies toward authoritarianism are passed genetically. -Authoritarianism is learned by observing authoritarian parents.

An authoritarian personality develops as a result of stereotype threat.

Which example best illustrates prosocial behavior as defined by the text? -Steve buys himself a new car after getting a promotion. -Doug decides to run for mayor because the current mayor is corrupt. -John borrows a book from the library without checking it out. -Bob donates his 1964 Ford Mustang to the Boy Scouts to help them raise money.

Bob donates his 1964 Ford Mustang to the Boy Scouts to help them raise money.

Four men are insulted by someone. Consistent with the culture of honor hypothesis, which of the men would you suspect is most likely to respond to the insult with violent retaliation? -Pierre, who was raised in Montreal, Canada -Sam, who was raised in Boston, Massachusetts -Bob, who was raised in Atlanta, Georgia -Ray, who was raised in Providence, Rhode Island

Bob, who was raised in Atlanta, Georgia

David is the only non-Asian person in his math class, and he is afraid that he will confirm the stereotype that Caucasian Americans perform worse than Asian Americans on math tasks. According to the concept of stereotype threat, which of the following is most likely to happen? -David will perform better than his classmates in order to prove the stereotype wrong. -David will perform worse than his classmates because his concern over confirming the stereotype will impede his performance. -David will develop a fixation and will become obsessed with improving his math skills. -David will start to like his Asian classmates even more due to the process of social identity transformation.

David will perform worse than his classmates because his concern over confirming the stereotype will impede his performance.

Jim wishes to become the CEO of an airline company. Which of the following qualities would NOT help him attain this leadership? -He has expertise in the airline industry. -He is extremely self-confident when he speaks. -During group meetings he doesn't speak up very often, only when his suggestions are particularly insightful or useful. -He is exceptionally tall.

During group meetings he doesn't speak up very often, only when his suggestions are particularly insightful or useful.

Which of the following is NOT discussed in your textbook as a possible reason for the connection between increased temperature and aggression? -There are more people out on warm days. -Fewer people overall, but more criminals, tend to be out on warm days. -Heat in itself fuels aggressive feelings. -People tend to stay home when the weather is very cold.

Fewer people overall, but more criminals, tend to be out on warm days.

Fred is very competitive and has been very successful in business, though he has had a number of conflicts with people who work for him. Which of the following statements about Fred is most likely to be FALSE? -He is at an increased risk for heart disease. -He has a Type B personality. -He is prone to physiological arousal when he is angry. -He gets annoyed when he is running late.

He has a Type B personality.

How does evolutionary theory explain helping among nonrelatives? -Helping among nonrelatives occurs in human groups but not in animal groups, and is not related to the survival of one's genes. -Helping among nonrelatives rarely occurs and is often an act of pure altruism. -Helping among nonrelatives occurs in order to ensure survival of diverse genes. -Helping is often mutual and cooperative, so the helpers benefit by being helped in return.

Helping is often mutual and cooperative, so the helpers benefit by being helped in return.

Jonathan is in a life-threatening emergency situation and needs help. Which of the following people is most likely to want to help him? -Dan, who is his close friend -Shinobu, who is from a collectivistic culture -Sheldon, who is a familiar co-worker -Jeffrey, who is his brother

Jeffrey, who is his brother

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding gender and asking for help? -Men who adhere to traditional gender roles are less likely to ask for help. -Men are more likely to ask for help regarding traditionally masculine tasks, but women are more likely to ask for help regarding traditionally feminine tasks. -Biological differences most likely underlie gender differences in asking for help. -Boys and girls are equally likely to ask for help, but gender differences emerge in adulthood.

Men who adhere to traditional gender roles are less likely to ask for help.

Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to engage in stereotyping? -Nalini, who is feeling happy -Nancy, who is feeling sad -Luis, who is feeling fearful -Francois, who is feeling angry

Nancy, who is feeling sad

You want to ask your kindhearted friend Rita to donate to a charity. As a savvy social psychologist, you wait and make your request when -Rita is going into her most difficult class. -Rita is looking in the mirror. -Rita is making dinner for ten people. -Rita is looking for her lost contact lens.

Rita is looking in the mirror.

According to the text, which of the following people best matches the image of a leader? -Aki, who has a great sense of humor -Dongyoun, who speaks only when he has something important to say -Sanjay, who is very tall -Cecilia, who is very attractive

Sanjay, who is very tall

Which of the following is FALSE regarding students in cooperative classrooms? -Students are accorded equal status in the classroom and given equal responsibilities. -Students exhibit higher levels of achievement. -Students tend to re-sort themselves into groups based on gender and ethnicity. -Students form more cross-ethnicity friendships even outside the classroom.

Students tend to re-sort themselves into groups based on gender and ethnicity.

Among the pipefish seahorse, the male carries the young and invests many more resources in their care than does the female, who invests almost nothing. According to differential parental investment theory, which of the following is probably also true of the pipefish seahorse? -The female is more choosy when selecting a mate. -The female is more aggressive than the male. -The male is more aggressive than the female. -Both the male and female seahorse are choosy and aggressive.

The female is more aggressive than the male.

Which of the following is true of individuals who were exposed to a larger variety of people while growing up? -They are more likely to help strangers. -They are more likely to help relatives. -They are more likely to help in private than in public. -They are less likely to seek help.

They are more likely to help strangers.

Which of the following is true about efficient stereotypes? -They require extra cognitive effort to apply them. -They stem from the tendency to see other groups as being overly heterogeneous. -They often exaggerate real differences between groups. -They rarely reflect any real differences between groups.

They often exaggerate real differences between groups.

Imagine a group of moderately pro-feminist women having a discussion about feminism. Can you predict the typical attitude change (if any) of these women after the discussion? -They will probably have the same attitudes after the discussion as before. -They will probably become less pro-feminism. -They will probably become more pro-feminism. -They will initially become more pro-feminism but over time will become less pro-feminism than they were before the discussion.

They will probably become more pro-feminism.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding gun violence in the United States? -Sixty percent of murders in the United States were committed with firearms. -When non-outlaws buy guns, they have a lower chance of being killed with a gun. -When Washington D.C. passed a law restricting handguns, there was a significant drop in gun-related homicides, but not in non-gun-related homicides. -Homicide rates in the United States are higher than in countries that don't allow firearms.

When non-outlaws buy guns, they have a lower chance of being killed with a gun.

Freud proposed that one major source of aggression was -an instinctive desire to kill others who look different. -a death instinct that is redirected toward others. -displacing our frustration at high-status individuals toward low-status individuals. -neurotic anxiety.

a death instinct that is redirected toward others.

Which of the following individuals will be LEAST likely to help? -a person with an expanded sense of "we" -a happy person -a sad person -a deeply depressed person

a deeply depressed person

In a research study, participants who did poorly on a task were given a chance to give clues to help a friend and a stranger perform the same task. The results of the study indicated that participants gave better clues to -a stranger than to a friend when the task was described as an indicator of intellectual ability. -a stranger than to a friend when the task was described as just a game. -a friend than to a stranger when the task was described as an indicator of intellectual ability. -a friend than to a stranger regardless of how the task was described.

a stranger than to a friend when the task was described as an indicator of intellectual ability.

The goal-based approach suggests that one effective strategy for reducing prejudice is to -activate goals that are incompatible with prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination. -put people in a situation where their goal is to make judgments as quickly as possible. -put people in situations where they have to compete against the other group. -teach people the true facts about members of other groups.

activate goals that are incompatible with prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination.

Groups are likely to desire additional leadership when -a current leader departs. -the group faces a crisis. -the group grows larger. -all of the above

all of the above

Imagine you were a public official who lived in the early part of the 20th century when the Ku Klux Klan frequently harassed minorities. Now imagine you had the ability to pass a law designed to diminish the frequency of Klan harassment. Based on the concept of deindividuation, which of the following ideas might you consider in order to significantly reduce undesirable Klan behavior? -require all members of mobs to wear nametags -make the public wearing of hoods and masks illegal -prohibit mobs from gathering when it is dark -all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following functions do stereotypes serve? -conserving cognitive effort -providing ready interpretations for behavior -providing different standards for evaluating members of different groups -all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following increases aggressive behavior? -watching a violent film -playing a violent video game -being exposed to violent pornography -all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following theories about the development of the authoritarian personality has been supported by research? -severe punishment by parents -modeling of authoritarianism by parents -genetic influences on personality -all of the above

all of the above

Contact between members of two different groups is successful in reducing intergroup prejudice and hostilities only when -group members violate negative stereotypes of their groups. -the contact between groups is rewarding. -members of the two groups work toward a common goal. -all of the above are necessary requirements

all of the above are necessary requirements

The text notes that Sugihara's helping efforts toward European Jews could be attributed, at least in part, to -an expanded sense of "we." -personal self-interest. -the norms of Japanese culture. -the reluctance of his parents to invite foreigners in their home.

an expanded sense of "we."

Persons who have high need for structure -look for complex ways to view the world. -are more likely to use their stereotypes to understand others. -are less likely to fall prey to the correspondence bias. -are less likely to express prejudice.

are more likely to use their stereotypes to understand others.

The tendency to submit to those with greater status than oneself and to denigrate those with less status than oneself is known as -narcissism. -authoritarianism. -social dominance. -hierarchy-proneness.

authoritarianism

In a study conducted by Greenwald and colleagues (2003), participants played a videogame-like task in which a black or white character popped out from behind a dumpster. Participants had to quickly decide if the character was a criminal holding a gun, a private citizen, or an undercover officer. The researchers found that -black characters were more likely to be incorrectly shot if they were citizens, but not undercover officers. -black characters were more likely to be incorrectly shot by prejudiced individuals, but less likely to be incorrectly shot by non-prejudiced individuals. -black characters were more likely to be incorrectly shot than white characters. -individuals who did not know the cultural stereotype about blacks were most likely to incorrectly shoot black characters.

black characters were more likely to be incorrectly shot than white characters.

Group polarization in decision making occurs as a result of -individuals hearing additional persuasive arguments from others in the group. -social comparison. -arousal causing biased processing of information. -both A and B

both A and B

In one of the earliest social psychological experiments, Triplett (1897-1898) found that -children wound their fishing reels more quickly when adults were watching than when they were not. -children wound their fishing reels more slowly when adults were watching than when they were not. -children wound their fishing reels more slowly when other children were also winding their fishing reels. -children wound their fishing reels more quickly when other children were also winding their fishing reels.

children wound their fishing reels more quickly when other children were also winding their fishing reels.

The theory that emphasizes situational cues, negative feelings, and memories as stored in interconnected networks as inputs toward either fight or flight responses is known as the -excitation-transfer theory. -negative network theory. -arousal feedback theory. -cognitive-neoassociation theory.

cognitive-neoassociation theory.

According to your text, when the task requires a leader to be ________, a man tends to be the best leader for the job. -controlling and directive -detail-oriented -relationship-oriented -transformational

controlling and directive

The negative state relief model predicts that people will use helping to raise their negative mood. Deeply depressed individuals, however, do not show elevated helping levels because -deeply depressed individuals don't think that helping someone will influence their mood. -the negative mood of deeply depressed individuals is not related to the plight of the person in need. -deeply depressed individuals have an expanded sense of "we." -deeply depressed individuals are unable to properly interpret the needs of others.

deeply depressed individuals don't think that helping someone will influence their mood.

A tendency to notice threats and to interpret other people's behavior as intended to cause harm is called -hostile instrumentality. -self-serving bias. -defensive attributional style. -threat monitoring.

defensive attributional style.

A member of a gang goes into a liquor store and insults and threatens the store owner so that he will start to pay the gang regular "protection" money. This type of aggression may be classified as -indirect and instrumental. -indirect and emotional. -direct and instrumental. -direct and emotional.

direct and instrumental.

An indirect expression of aggression away from the source of your anger is called -displacement -catharsis -indirect aggression. -emotional aggression.

displacement.

According to research on group decision making, groups may be more susceptible to groupthink when their leaders -hold the minority position. -do not provide strong and clear leadership. -emphasize group harmony as the primary goal. -are not present during the discussion.

emphasize group harmony as the primary goal.

Which of the following is NOT an example of direct aggression? -engaging in malicious gossip -kicking someone in anger -verbally threatening another person -shoving someone out of your way

engaging in malicious gossip

The text discusses the potlatch ceremony as related to which goal of helping? -gaining genetic and material benefits -managing self-image -gaining social status and approval -managing our moods and emotions

gaining social status and approval

Transactive memory is more likely to lead to more accurate decisions if -the group has a very strict hierarchy. -group members are relatively independent. -group members possess accurate information. -the group is very concerned about its image.

group members possess accurate information.

As an architect, Rita and her partners are concerned about handicapped access to buildings. Recently, she attended a design meeting where she heard her colleagues make a number of strong, new arguments for increased access. As the group discussion continued, the partners seemed to develop an even stronger attitude favoring handicapped access. Which of the following best describes what Rita's group experienced? -social facilitation -social loafing -group polarization -group inoculation

group polarization

Research by Nancy Segal (2000) supports the concept of inclusive fitness in studies showing that ________ are more alike in their helping patterns and are more likely to aid each other than are ________. -identical twins; nonidentical twins -nonidentical twins; identical twins -second cousins; first cousins -brothers; sisters

identical twins; nonidentical twins

According to the negative state relief model, sad individuals are LESS likely to help -if they anticipate relatively large personal benefits of helping. -if helping is associated with praise from others. -if helping will change their mood. -if the helping act seems too costly.

if the helping act seems too costly.

Research on capital punishment suggests -it is a deterrent to homicides. -in comparing different countries, those employing capital punishment had slightly higher homicide rates. -in states employing capital punishment, the homicide rates were lower than states that did not have capital punishment. -none of the above

in comparing different countries, those employing capital punishment had slightly higher homicide rates.

The survival of one's genes in one's own offspring and in any relatives one helps is known as -reciprocal altruism. -genetic determinism. -prosocial relatedness. -inclusive fitness.

inclusive fitness.

Complex situations and time pressure ________ stereotyping by ________. -decrease; decreasing the need for structure -decrease; decreasing the need for mental efficiency -increase; limiting the attentional capacity -increase; increasing the motivation to be accurate

increase; limiting the attentional capacity

Whereas ________ are expectations for how all group members should behave, ________ are expectations for how particular group members should behave. -injunctive norms; descriptive norms -injunctive norms; roles -roles; injunctive norms -descriptive norms; injunctive norms

injunctive norms; roles

Michael spreads vicious slander about his boss in the hope that his boss will be fired and Michael will be chosen to replace him. This is an example of -instrumental aggression. -emotional aggression. -assertive aggression. -direct aggression.

instrumental aggression.

Individuals with a(n) ________ religious orientation strive to internalize the teaching of their religion and see religion as an end to itself. -intrinsic religiosity -extrinsic religiosity -quest religiosity -prosocial religiosity

intrinsic religiosity

The disadvantages of diverse groups in the workplace include -excessive commitment to the group. -too much communication. -fewer solutions to problems generated. -lack of cohesion.

lack of cohesion.

One criticism of Batson's empathy-altruism hypothesis is that -both sadness and happiness can cause an increase in helping behavior. -manipulations of empathic concern might actually be clues that the potential helping recipient might share genes with us, thus rendering the helping a selfish act rather than an altruistic act. -similarity and friendship really don't elicit perspective taking and empathic concern. -individuals experiencing empathic concern for another tend to help regardless of whether it's easy or difficult to leave the aversive situation without helping.

manipulations of empathic concern might actually be clues that the potential helping recipient might share genes with us, thus rendering the helping a selfish act rather than an altruistic act.

Groups become deindividuated by -making people likely to join the groups. -masking individual identities and distracting members from their personal values. -enhancing positive feelings toward the groups. -facilitating expression of individual desires and attitudes in the group.

masking individual identities and distracting members from their personal values.

According to the text, the tendency to benefit members of our own groups over members of other groups -was less common when our ancestors were living in small communities. -is less likely to occur when the ingroup members are relatives. -may stem from the human tendency to desire the survival of their genes. -has been demonstrated only in individualistic cultures.

may stem from the human tendency to desire the survival of their genes.

A researcher wants to know if exercise decreases depression. Dozens of studies that test this relationship have been conducted, so the researcher wants to combine them all to investigate the issue. The best methodology to use in this situation is -meta-analysis. -experience sampling. -archival studies. -a field experiment.

meta-analysis.

Research on minority influence suggests that all of the following are successful strategies EXCEPT -minority group members should be willing to compromise a bit. -minority group members who once held the majority opinion are especially persuasive. -minority group members should highlight the strong differences between themselves and the majority group opinion. -the minority group will be more persuasive if there are more than one or two members.

minority group members should highlight the strong differences between themselves and the majority group opinion.

According to one survey of women waiting in a doctor's office, -more than 40% had been physically abused by a husband or boyfriend in their lifetime. -virtually none had been physically abused by a husband or boyfriend in their lifetime. -most were fearful that they would be physically abused by a husband or boyfriend in their lifetime. -60% had a defensive attributional style.

more than 40% had been physically abused by a husband or boyfriend in their lifetime.

When people fail at something important to them, they are ________ likely to demonstrate ingroup biases and discrimination because they are motivated to ________. -more; improve their self-image -more; disidentify themselves from their group -less; conserve mental effort -less; disidentify themselves from their failure

more; improve their self-image

People with physically mature facial features such as a broad jaw, narrow eyes and angular face are ________ likely to become leaders because ________. -less; they are perceived as a threat -less; they are perceived as less powerful -more; they are perceived as more intelligent -more; they fit with the traditional leadership prototype

more; they fit with the traditional leadership prototype

Carla likes her life to be relatively simple and well-organized. She dislikes interruptions and unexpected events, and strives for simple ways to view the world. Based on this information, you predict that Carla will score high on a measure of ________ and will ________ to use her existing stereotypes to understand others. -authoritarianism; not be likely -conformity seeking; not be likely -need for structure; be likely -social dominance avoidance; be likely

need for structure; be likely

The concept of relative deprivation states that -people who feel they are less well off economically than others around them tend to commit more aggressive acts. -people with fewer relatives tend to commit more aggressive acts. -people who are deprived of attention tend to commit more aggressive acts. -people who are deprived of what they once had tend to commit fewer aggressive acts.

people who feel they are less well off economically than others around them tend to commit more aggressive acts.

The phenomenon of overseeing the extent to which members within other groups are similar to each other is called -scapegoating. -intergroup bias. -perceived outgroup homogeneity. -minimal intergroup paradigm.

perceived outgroup homogeneity.

The advice, "Do not criticize someone until you walk in their shoes" requires -pure altruism. -mood management. -perspective taking. -a negative state.

perspective taking.

Individuals who demonstrate ________ religiosity tend to be open-minded about religion and typically exhibit few implicit or explicit prejudices. -fundamentalist -intrinsic -extrinsic -quest

quest

Lisa's boss Michael says that he will give Lisa a positive job evaluation if she agrees to go on a date with him. This is an example of -hostile environment harassment. -power asymmetry stereotyping. -quid pro quo harassment. -power asymmetry prejudice.

quid pro quo harassment.

Suppose that you are in a hospital where you are waiting for surgery. According to research, you would prefer to share a room with a person who -has never had surgery before. -recently had surgery that was different from yours. -recently had surgery that was similar to yours. -is about to have surgery similar to yours.

recently had surgery that was similar to yours.

Personal norms are different from social norms in that personal norms -are less likely to influence helping. -have a strong genetic basis, but social norms do not. -rarely change, whereas social norms change rapidly. -reflect internal standards for behavior, whereas social norms reflect moral rules of a culture.

reflect internal standards for behavior, whereas social norms reflect moral rules of a culture.

Early research on group decision making seemed to demonstrate that groups tended to make ________ decisions than individuals. -more conservative -riskier -better -poorer

riskier

In one study described in the text, students at Florida State were put into different mood states, and then given a chance to volunteer for a nonprofit organization. The researchers found that participants who were in a ________ mood state were most selective in weighing the costs and benefits of helping opportunities. -happy -empathic -neutral -sad

sad

According to the theory of ________, characteristics that assist animals in attracting mates or competing for mates with those of their own sex are favored and passed on to offspring. -biparental care -natural selection -sexual selection -selection pressure

sexual selection

Alana is a basketball player on an unpopular, low-status team at a small college. Alana will be particularly likely to express negative bias against the basketball players at other colleges if -she has high self-esteem. -she has low self-esteem. -she is religious. -she has low need for structure.

she has high self-esteem.

The ignorance hypothesis states that if people only learned what members of other groups are truly like, they wouldn't stereotype, be prejudiced, or discriminate against them. Research based on this idea has shown that -merely putting individuals from antagonistic groups together can significantly reduce hostility. -simply teaching people what other groups are like is a highly effective method to eliminate prejudice between groups. -simply putting people together is not enough to reduce intergroup hostility unless they are taught facts about members of the other groups. -simply putting people together or giving them facts about the members of the other group is not enough to reduce intergroup hostility.

simply putting people together or giving them facts about the members of the other group is not enough to reduce intergroup hostility.

Which of the following decreases the power of jurors holding minority views in the courtroom? -videotapes in courtrooms -smaller juries -the requirement that the jury should reach unanimity -increasing the diversity of the members of the jury

smaller juries

Randolph endorses statements such as: "Some people are just more worthy than others," and "It's sometimes necessary to step on others to get ahead in life." Randolph would likely score high on the personality trait called -hostility transference. -social dominance orientation. -collective egotism. -competitive aggression.

social dominance orientation.

As discussed in the text, evaluation apprehension and distraction may contribute to -social facilitation. -groupthink -social loafing. -deindividuation.

social facilitation.

A classic experiment conducted by Lewin et al (1939) demonstrated that children guided by autocratic leaders -spent more time on task when supervised, but then decreased their efforts when their leaders were absent. -spent less time on task when supervised, but then increased their efforts when their leaders were absent. -spent the same amount of effort when leaders were absent as when they were present. -worked harder than children guided by democratic leaders regardless of whether the leader was present.

spent more time on task when supervised, but then decreased their efforts when their leaders were absent.

In a study conducted by Greenwald and colleagues (2003), participants played a videogame-like task in which a black or white character popped out from behind a dumpster. Participants had to quickly decide if the character was a criminal holding a gun, a private citizen, or an undercover officer. One of the conclusions the researchers reached was that -time pressure tends to eliminate prejudiced responses. -people pay more attention to details about individuals of other races. -cultural stereotypes can be transmitted from generation to generation. -stereotypical biases can occur automatically without conscious attention.

stereotypical biases can occur automatically without conscious attention.

What is a behavioral genetics method for disentangling the effects of heredity and the environment on helping? -studying identical and nonidentical twins -longitudinal studies -comparing individuals from cultures all over the world -examining the similarities and differences of various primate species

studying identical and nonidentical twins

Lisa works on a team where all of the members are highly sociable. Her team should do particularly well on ________ tasks, but poorly on ________ tasks. -teaching; accounting -problem-solving; teaching -engineering; problem-solving -routine; artistic

teaching; accounting

Dr. Jones wants to increase aggressive tendencies in her experimental participants. Which of the following substances could she use to increase aggressive tendencies? -progesterone -oxytocin -testosterone -dopamine

testosterone

Which of the following motivates competition for status? -salicylic acid -estrogen -testosterone -progesterone

testosterone

The theory that aggression is an automatic response to any blocking of goal-directed behavior is -the cathartic-aggression hypothesis. -the indirect-aggression hypothesis. -the frustration-aggression hypothesis. -the excitation-transfer theory.

the frustration-aggression hypothesis.

Your text offers practical advice when it recommends that if you must decide which of several individuals to call on for help, all other things equal, your best choice would be -someone of the opposite sex. -someone with large eyes and a small chin. -a young person (less than 25 years old). -the person most similar to you in appearance.

the person most similar to you in appearance.

Your town's council has decided to display a new sculpture downtown that consists of a large number of guns attached together. You oppose such a plan, saying that, according to research on ________, the sculpture might increase aggressive behavior downtown. -catharsis aggression theory -excitation transfer theory -the weapons effect -the frustration-aggression hypothesis

the weapons effect

If aggression is defined as including both physical violence and indirect actions such as verbal insults and social rejection, -there is no sex difference in aggression. -men commit the vast majority of aggressive acts. -women commit the vast majority of aggressive acts. -men do not commit aggression.

there is no sex difference in aggression.

People are more likely to join performance groups when -they worry they may fail as individuals. -they believe that their partners will be less skilled at the task. -the task is stereotypically "male." -the task is stereotypically "female."

they worry they may fail as individuals.

When attempting to convince others to help us, it makes sense to convince them that -we are different from them. -we are superior to them. -we are similar to them. -we are older than they are.

we are similar to them.

The social responsibility norm states that -we should help those in need who are dependent on our help. -we should help those who are similar. -we must help our kin. -we must be responsible for our own actions, even when part of a group.

we should help those in need who are dependent on our help.

Self-focus is LESS likely to increase helping when -we think about a personal problem or failure experience. -we are in a happy mood. -we have high self-esteem. -the person who needs help is similar to us.

we think about a personal problem or failure experience.

The tendency for weapons, such as guns, to enhance aggressive thoughts, feelings, and actions is known as the -weapons effect. -excitation-transfer effect. -anger-displacement effect. -hostility effect.

weapons effect.

According to research (Baltes et al, 2002), under which of the following conditions is computer-mediated discussion (such as email or instant messaging) as effective as face to face discussion? -when the group has unlimited discussion time -when the group is very large -when the decision is a complex one -when the group is high in diversity

when the group has unlimited discussion time

We are LESS likely to help our friends -who are similar to us. -who have low self-esteem. -after personal success. -when this would make them perform better than us on a task we care about.

when this would make them perform better than us on a task we care about.

In Bandura's famous "Bobo Doll" experiments, children -were afraid of the Bobo Doll due to associations with violence. -who watched a model get rewarded for punching the Bobo Doll imitated the behavior of the model and punched the doll. -who watched a model get punished for punching the Bobo Doll imitated the behavior of the model and punched the doll. -only punched the Bobo Doll if they were offered a reward for doing so.

who watched a model get rewarded for punching the Bobo Doll imitated the behavior of the model and punched the doll.

Imagine that your boss has just told you how disappointed he is at your performance over the past few weeks, and warns you to improve your performance. As you sadly walk home, a reasonably well-dressed homeless man and his child ask you if there is any work they can do for a few dollars. They don't look dangerous, and your lawn needs to be cut. According to the mood management hypothesis, -although you generally would be likely to help these people, you would be reluctant to do so today because of your sad mood. -you would be reluctant to help these people because they are not similar to you. -you would be likely to help these people because the sad mood will create a "we" connection between you and the homeless man. -you would be likely to help in order to relieve your sadness.

you would be likely to help in order to relieve your sadness.