social pysc exam 4

Currently, it is estimated that about _______ of all marriages in the United States will end in divorce

HALF

given that ..... percent of the time people disclose their most positive daily experiences with their partner, it is not surprising that a lack of martial intimacy is associated with an increased risk of psychological difficulties.

60-80

Angie is on the subway when she notices that the woman in the opposite seat is looking at her. Angie immediately think the other woman wants to have a fight and says, "what are you looking at?" The woman responds by saying she was admiring Angie's earrings, and Angie feels embarrassed. Angie is demonstrating the ________ attribution bias in the way she interpreted the other woman's gaze.

HOSTILE

Which researcher is credited with devising the Strange Situation task that has been used for decades to study attachment between children and parents?

Mary Ainsworth

Aaron and Harry have been set up on a blind date. According to the research of Walster and colleagues (1966), which of the following will be the best predictor of whether or not Harry will want to have a second date with Aaron?

aarons attractiveness

A ________ refers to a theoretical accounting of relationships in which positive deposits and negative withdrawals can be made during every interaction you have with that person. 129. Cassondra tells her best friend Dara that she has been offered a chance to take on a new responsibilities at work. Cassondra is very excited but Dara says, "You'll never get any time off and you won't be able to handle the stress." Dara is engaged in _________ responding to Cassondra's news.

active destructive responding

Most researchers define... as any behavior intended to harm another person who does not want to be harmed.

aggression

In a moment of despair, Azucena swallowed a bottle of sleeping pills to try to kill herself. Thankfully her father found her, took her to the hospital, and she was rescued. Why wouldn't this action be considered an act of aggression?

aggression is wanting to harm someone that is not wanting to be harm. she was trying to actually trying to kill herself.

which of the following is a true statement regarding aggressive behavior?

aggressive behavior is intentional rather than accidental

. What is the difference between aggressive behaviors and violent actions?

aggressive behaviors can be harmful but not violent while violent actions are aggressive and cause extreme physical harm

Denita is a very ardent, right-wing conservative and always votes for Republican candidates. She recently met Troy, who she thinks is interesting and very attractive. Once she finds out that he is a very liberal individual who prefers Democratic candidates, she may no longer want to date him. This change in her opinion demonstrates the ________hypothesis

anomalous face overgenernalization hypothesis hypothesis

The tendency to overestimate the amount of violence that occurs in the world based on the ease with which you can call a recent example of violence to mind is called the _________ heuristic.

availability heuristics

Charles shops at an upscale clothing store. He has been three times this month and each time has noticed a sweater. Today, he goes in and finds that he likes this sweater more than he did the first time he saw it. He decides to buy it. What explains Charles's increased preference for this sweater?

because it is familiar to him and he has seen it before the mere exposure effect Is taking place. he is more likely to buy it because he is familiar with it

25-year old Cassy has recently learned that her roommate from college is suffering from a serious family matter, and Cassy is upset by this. With whom is Cassy most likely to discuss her feelings of distress?

boyfriend

The phenomenon in which people intervene to help others in need even if the other is a complete stranger and the intervention puts the helper in danger is called ________ intervention.

bystander

Which term, when applied to aggression, refers to the idea that acting aggressively or viewing such behaviors can purge angry feelings and impulses into harmless channels?

catharsis

. According to Armour (2007), a Gallup poll indicated that employees who had ________ at work reported 50% more job satisfaction than those who did not.

close friends

A person's willingness to stay in a relationship no matter what - to "stick it out" even in hard times" - is related to which component of love, according to Robert Sternberg?

commitment

Greg and Richard live in a neighborhood where there is a community garden. Each is allowed to take fruit and vegetables for their own family, but they must also remember that if they take too much the garden will fail and nobody will be able to benefit from it. This is analogous to a ________ game.

commons dilemma

The coordination of multiple partners toward a common goal that will benefit everyone involved is a working definition of _________.

cooperation

A decision-making process that compares how much time and effort would be invested in providing assistance to the perceived rewards or outcomes of that action is called a(n) _________.

cost benefit analysis

People have the tendency to use low attractiveness as an indicator of negative traits and mistakenly use high attractiveness as an indicator of high health or intelligence. This attractiveness halo effect is a by-product of low _________.

fitness

The inability to show _______, or to resolve conflict with another person, can block people's ability to make positive deposits to the relationship bank account

forgiveness

According to noted sociologist Emile Durkheim, achieving a state of personal well-being requires what?

having more positive relationships

Rafael has joined the Spanish Club at his school. According to the social identity theory, what is Rafael likely to do when he meets individuals from the German Club or French Club and defines them as outgroup members?

he is likely to favor his own group and dislike any group that is not his own

The hostile... bias occurs when a person assumes that other people will react to potential conflicts with aggressive responses.

hostile attribution

Under which of the following circumstances would a cost-benefit analysis be most likely to result in a person offering helpful assistance?

if help is lost in cost, time and money resources or risk then people are more likely to help

kylo is taking a social psychology course and his teacher asks students to take a computerized test that asks them to sort pictures into different categories, such as "good" and "bad." The goal of this test is to help identify automatic preferences of which a person may not be consciously aware. What is this test called?

implicit association test

A child who has a(n) ________ attachment style with his parents and other important figures in her life is more likely than others to be seen as a bully as she gets older.

insecure avoidant

Caring, closeness, and emotional support are all parts of the ________ component of love.

intimacy

In psychology, subjective well-being has come to be defined by three different components. Which of the following is notone of them?

it is only high life satisfaction (pos evaluations in life) positive feelings, (pos emotions in life) and low negative feeling (neg emotions in life)

. Showing favoritism for helping one's own blood relatives is called ________.

kin selection

Mrs. Lee is an 8tht grade teacher. According to research into the attractiveness halo effect she will judge Eli, who has attractive physical features, in all but which of the following ways? 147. People have the tendency to use low attractiveness as an indicator of negative traits and mistakenly use high attractiveness as an indicator of high health or intelligence. This attractiveness halo effect is a by-product of low _________.

knows that she will judge him by how sociable, intelligent, competent, and how healthy it is

If a person has a general absence of unpleasant, unhappy emotions in their life they are experiencing which of the three major dimensions of subjective well-being?

low negative feelings

According to British psychoanalyst John Bowlby, what is the primary function of an attachment behavioral system?

maintain proximity between child and primary attachment figure

the ....... refers to the tendency to of people to prefer stimuli that have seen. before over brand new stimuli

mere exposure effect

Donald is a real piece of work. He always thinks that his accomplishments are the best ever, does not give credit to anyone else, and is totally incapable of accepting criticism from others. His employees do not stay on his team for very long because he never recognizes their work. Donald has a high level of ________.

narcissim

The process of defining a concept so that it can be measured is called ________.

operationalization

The process of being excluded and ignored by others is called ________, and it is inversely related to people's levels of subjective well-being.

ostracism

A social category or group with which an individual does not personally identify is called a(n) ________.

outgroup

On a popular TV show, when one character named Amy tells her boyfriend Sheldon about her recent publication in a major science journal, Sheldon ignores her big news and talks more about himself. Sheldon's is an example of __________ responding.

passive and destructive

. Sometimes a person looks to others to determine whether help needs to be offered in an ambiguous situation. When this person incorrectly concludes that no help is necessary, this is called ________ ignorance.

pluralistic

Engaging in actions that benefit another person is called ________behavior.

prosocial

a typical or average, member of a category is called a(n) ________. In attractiveness studies, it has been found that averageness actually increases attractiveness.

prototype

Collin and Valencia are both first-year college students, and they live in the same dormitory. They see each other several times a day, and have begun having romantic feelings toward each other. The factor of physical nearness that predicts their attraction to each other is called ________

proximity

The principle that people will make logical decisions based on maximizing their own gains and benefits is called

rational self interest

From an evolutionary perspective, everyone wins when a person who has been helped in the past repays that assistance In the future. their concept is called

reciprocal altrusim

Intentionally harming another person's social relationships, feelings of acceptance, or inclusion within a group is called.... aggression

relational

When Brandon is placed in his crib, he watches as his father leaves the room. Although he is tired Brandon does not want to sleep yet. He begins to whine and soon cries loudly until his father comes back in, sits and rocks him for a bit, and then puts him down to sleep. Braddon's action are an example of ________.

secure attachment

Amanda is raising her first son, Stanley, on her own. The child is very comfortable and at ease in his mother's presence, but when she is gone he gets tense and looks for her. Amanda provides Stanley with care, protection, and support. She is serving as a(n) ________ to the baby.

secure attachment style

Human beings have a natural desire to increase their own capacities by seeking intimate relationships according to the ________ model.

self expansion model

Dr. Maweldi is studying children in his laboratory and he places Maryam and Tameika at a table together. The kids are given a plate of chocolates and Tameika is told to decide how many candies she will get and how many Maryam will get. Dr. Maweldi is studying Tameika's ________ when he examines how she allocates the treats to herself and her partner.

social value orientation

When a person places him or herself in a position in which he or she might be exploited by another, and does so willingly with the trust that another person will not take advantage of them, they are experiencing a state of ________.

state of vulnerability

150. What is the common scientific term for happiness in psychological studies?

subjective well being

What is the common scientific term for happiness in psychological studies?

subjective well being

Dominga has recently been distancing herself from others. She is becoming disconnected from society, and nobody has really taken notice. This may be because she was never truly close to others to begin with. According to Durkheim, Dominga will now be at higher risk for

suicide

According to research by Rhodes, Simmons, & Peters (2005), attractiveness in men is positively related to ________.

the number of short term but not long term sexual members

. At what age do people appear to be the most aggressive?

toddler age 1-3 years old

. Elden is angry because Martin has been making sexual advances at Elden's wife. Elden goes to Martin's apartment and attacks him. Martin has to be hospitalized. Elden's behaviors are an example of ________.

violence

In the USA some people advocate for "Open Carry" legislation regarding having guns in public. They sometimes argue that having a gun will decrease violence because others will think twice before acting violently. According to the ________, however, the mere presence of a weapon can actually increase aggressive tendencies.

weapons effect

According to research published by Oldmeadow and colleagues (2013), people are most likely to use Facebook to connect with others when:

when they were experiencing negative emotions