Social Stats Test 3

With respect to ΅ (alpha), which of the following statements is true?

Alpha is the level of probability at which the null hypothesis can be rejected with confidence.

Research that analyzes a portion of an entire population is carried out on a(n)

Sample

The difference between the sample mean and the population mean is called

Sampling Error

Effect size is

The degree to which an experimental manipulation separates two populations.

When conducting a t test for independent means, a typical research hypothesis might be

The mean of Population 1 is greater than the mean of Population 2.

Setting the significance level at .20 increases the chance of

a Type I error

When increasing the level of confidence from 95% to 99%, we:

lose precision but gain confidence that our answer interval is accurate

A likely way for the results of a t test to be presented in a research article for a study with 25 participants is

t(24)< significant.

According to Cohen's conventions for research that compares means, a small effect size (d) in which the populations of individuals have an 85% overlap, would be

0.2

Which statement is true of ΅ (alpha)?

Conventionally, social researchers set ΅ = .05 or .01

Classify the two given samples as independent or dependent. Sample 1: Pre-training blood pressure of 23 people Sample 2: Post-training blood pressure of 23 people

Dependent

When increasing our level of confidence from 95% to 99%, the interval:

Grows

Classify the two given samples as independent or dependent. Sample 1: The heights in inches of 16 newborn females Sample 2: The heights in inches of 16 newborn males

Independent

Software products utilize this test to assess whether sample variances are so dissimilar that the notion that they are the same must be rejected:

Levene Test

The sampling distribution of differences between means approximates a normal cure whose __________ is zero.

Mean

Which of the following exemplifies a research hypothesis?

Men and women have different levels of income

This difference results regardless of how well the sampling plan has been designed, with the researcher's best intentions, no cheating and no mistake

Sampling Error

Which of the following statements is true about t distributions?

The larger the sample size, the more a t distribution resembles a normal curve

If the results of a study using a t test for dependent means are reported in a research article as "t(38) = 3.11, p < .01,

The result is significant

One of the assumptions for the t test for independent means is that

The variance of each of the parent populations is the same.

One important advantage of using effect sizes is that

They are standardized scores that make comparisons of different studies easier

A researcher is interested in the relationship between political party affiliation (Democrat or Republican) and support for a woman's right to choose (Pro-Choice). In order to do this she uses a standardized measure for determining support for Pro-Choice. The higher the person scores on the measure, the greater is his or her support for Pro-Choice.

a Type 1 error is made

In which of the following situations would a t test for independent means be conducted?

a comparison of scores of participants in a memory study where one group is assigned to learn the words in alphabetical order and another group is assigned to learn the words in order of length of the word

Difference scores are computed for

a t-test for dependent means

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis, when in fact it is true, is

alpha

Cohen proposed effect size conventions based on the effects observed in psychology research in general because

determining how large an effect can be expected in a given experiment is difficult.

The comparison distribution for a t test for independent means is a

distribution of differences between means.

The best way to reduce the variances in the distributions of means when conducting a t test for independent means is to

increase the size of the samples.

When the null hypothesis is rejected:

it is unlikely that the difference between means is a result of sampling error.

Compared to the .05 level of significance, the .01 level of significance

means a lower probability of the obtained difference being a result of sampling error.

A psychologist wants to measure the effect of music on memory. He randomly selects 80 students and measures their scores on a memory test conducted in silence. The next day he measures their scores on a similar test conducted while classical music is playing. The mean score without music

quantitative, dependent

A university compared the mean salary of its science graduates ten years after graduation with the mean salary of its social science graduates ten years after graduation.

quantitative, independent

The degree to which the experimental manipulation separates the two populations of individual scores is

the effect size

A t test for dependent means would be used to compare

the level of reading comprehension of students at the beginning and at the end of a speed-reading class.

The null hypothesis in a two-tailed, independent t-test of means would be

μ1=μ2 mean 1 equals mean 2