Social Work 205- final

the future: collaboration and international social work

"international professional action and the capacity for international action by the SW profession and its members" -advocates for human rights, social justice, and social development -help corps- cultural competency -fight against poverty -agencies -might get involved with united nations population food program- world food program -play a role in international philanthropy -ending terrorism -manage programs, train others, help develop service delivery systems

heart disease

-"cardiovascular disease" (CVD) -comprises of a number of abnormal conditions that affect the heart -leading cause of death in the US for both men and women -major cause of disability -many SWs in hospital cardiac care

Medicaid Program

-1965 SSA -provides healthcare coverage to certain low-income individuals and families whose income falls below a certain amount -state by state

What is Child Welfare System? (ellen)

-A group of services designed to promote the well-being of children by ensuring safety, achieving permanency, and strengthening families to care for their children successfully. •The States have primary responsibility for child welfare services but the federal government has a role through funding programs and legislative initiatives. •Child Welfare includes prevention programs, early intervention programs, child abuse and neglect investigations and services to families.

Wisconsin Cancer Disparities

-African American males: higher rates of prostate cancer than whites & die at twice the rate -Hmong: gastric cancer incident rate is 4 times higher than for white non-hispanics and death rate 7 times higher.

Negative aspects of Globalization

-Aids globalized -global warming -crime (prostitution and sexual slavery) -violence and women and children -terrorism

need principle

-Assess criminogenic needs and target those needs with treatment and interventions

Community Concerns

-Cancer new to the community; may know English word but not signs and symptoms, or how to prevent or treat; learning is informal -Still unknown how much cancer affects Hmong community; a formal way to collect data not yet developed -Greater concern among families who have experienced cancer

Community efforts

-Community-wide efforts have not yet begun -Cancer managed on informal, case-by- case basis -Health care providers educate Hmong patients upon diagnosis

mental disorders

-DSM-IV-TR- identifies 16 categories of mental illness and glossary of "culture bound syndromes"

society response (marshall)

-Driven by political winds "Tough on Crime" Retribution - Driven by cost Evidence based practice

HIV/AIDS

-Elders fastest growing segment of HIV- positive population -1 in 7 new cases diagnosed with HIV or AIDS over 50 -By 2017, 50% of HIV-positive population will be over 50 years of age -50% of HIV-positive adults 50+ diagnosed with AIDS simultaneously or within a year of HIV diagnosis -physicians less likely to talk to elders about unprotected sex/ or get tested -less likely to use condoms- can't get pregnant -physically more vulnerable

barriers and challenges

-Financial - time consuming to talk and address all dimensions -Lack of standardized models Lack of research on quality, etc -Lack of qualified and credentialed palliative care professionals -Challenging to insure continuity across all patient settings -Relies on patients' own transportation -Millions of Americans with serious illness do not have access -Availability of palliative care varies by region and by state

palliative care

-For persons with serous, complex, and life-threatening illnesses -Offered simultaneously with life- prolonging and curative therapies -Focused on relief of suffering & best quality of life Available at more than 80% of large US Hospitals

first world nations

-GB, US, canada, Japan, Australia were the first to develop free market capitalist economies and are known as the rich nations of the world

AIDs

-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) -began in WW2 -end stage: AIDs -lack of acceptance, intimacy, social isolation -SWs- direct practice support macro level: reduce stigma 1. misconceptions about how disease is transmitted 2. blaming the victim 3. social rejection

Community Barriers

-Language -Prevention in regard to using doctors not part of Hmong culture -Mistrust of medical profession - use Shamans or other spiritual healers or herbal practitioners -Shyness coupled with mistrust is problematic

Community beliefs

-Physical illness that cannot be seen with the eye does not exist -Spiritual possession or curse to be treated by shaman -Cancer brings shame on family and on the clan Something that will just go away

physician assisted death

-Physician-Assisted Euthanasia (PAE) Physician gives a mentally competent, terminally ill patient a lethal injection at the request of the patient (not legal) -Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS): not suicide (dying and you hasten it) Physician provides mentally competent, terminally ill patient with a prescription for a lethal dosage of pills to end his or her own life legal in oregon, WA, vermont, california, montana, new mexico in limbo - 6 week process meet with doc twice -covered by insurance -its about the fear of the dying process, many prescribed and never take it

Leader Recommendations

-Raise awareness: have community cancer events -Encourage more Hmong community members to become health care professionals -Educate health care providers on how to talk with Hmong patients about cancer

substance abuse prevention

-SW focus on prevention of gateway drugs (drugs that may eventually lead to more serious and dangerous drug experimentation

terminology

-Terminal Illness: individuals whom a physician has diagnosed as having an illness likely to result in death (we don't know when death is) -Terminally Ill: individuals whom a physician has diagnosed as having six months or less to live Note: Individuals may have a terminal illness but not be defined as terminally ill

Community Barriers

-The word "study" is often used when talking about treatment - do not want to be an experiment -Hmong men will only go to doctor if the illness is serious -Do not trust medications but if use them expect them to be "magic pills"

barriers to treatment

-ageism-overlooked by health care -can mimic symptoms of other disorders -insurance -language

the disease model

-alcohol anonymous -explains alcohol and drug addiction as a primary illness rather than the result of some other primary condition AMA- treatable disease

hospice care

-an increasingly significant resource in senior service systems -helps dying patients -emphasis- quality of life -team of professionals

Eating Disorders

-anorexia nervosa -bulimia nervosa -binge eating disorder

Child Abuse and Neglect

-any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or care taker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation or, -an act or failure to act that presents an imminent risk or serious harm

loss and grief

-as i get older, experience loss in their lives (physically, mentally) -hard to do things you love -loss after retirement-income, friends, status -loss of spouse grief: emotional response to loss bereavemment: long term process of adjusting to loss- often to blame others or themselves -disbelief, numbness, sorrow

heath care and prescription drugs

-at least 80% of elders have chronic disease -cognitive impairments -many eldersdont have access to affordable health care medicare- cover only about 55% of their expensives (older adults spend a lot on healthcare

who are older Americans?

-average life spans are increasing with individuals who live to age 65 projected to live another 18 years 65- being the commonly accepted beginning of older adulthood- social security benefits 1. young old- 65-74 years of age 2 old-old- 75-84 3. oldest-old- age 85 years and older (fasted growing pop and social welfare policies)

Hospital Social Work

-biopsychosocial, holistic approach (PIE) 1. make referrals 2. plan readmission and discharge 3. screen patients at social risk for differences related to medical conditions 4.patient and family couseling 5.psychosocial evaluations 6.health education 7.research 8.activities 9.collaborate

positive aspects of globalization

-capitalism- people lifted out of poverty

Villain

-concept of bad guy with disability -captain hook- peg leg

Asthma

-chronic respitatory disease that affects the lungs- increasing -higher among vulnerable population

Interprofessional collaboration in assertive community treatment (ACT

-collaborative, multidisciplinary mental health services model for individuals with serious and persistent mental illness in which SW play an important role ACT teams- professionals with variety of backgrounds SW- intensive case managers

Child welfare and child protection

-complex service network that promotes child and family well-being -public, private and community orgs that vary by state and even by local community make up the network -employ social workers

employer pension plans

-considered a luxury -percentage of workers with stopped workers

Major Depressive Disorder

-consistently low mood and several symptoms for 2 or more weeks - lack of interest -weight change -lack of hope

ageism

-discrimination based upon a persons age -today, younger adults don't follow what parents do -instead private and public education -media betrays elders-unnatractive, useless, grumpy -younger adults fear aging

social learning theory for crime

-dominant theory -the people the individual associates with have impact on whether they will commit crime

What is Disability?

-dynamic interaction between person and environment -Medical Model: medical perspective of disability is a characteristic of the individual

Disability Rights movement

-early 1970s -1973, federal government, passed the first law to gran specific affirmative legal rights to individuals with disabilities

the medical model

-early US- faulty of morals and poor character -Clifford Beers- asylum -19th century- concept of mental disorder of the brain began to emerge with psychiatry -the medical model (dominant) emphasizes the role of human biology, especially the brain as the source and solution to mental disorders- believe that they have organic cause

declines in private pensions

-employer pension plans- deferred compensation for labor, enabling workers to save a portion of their earnings overtime with deferred income tax liability

Americans with Disabilities (ADA)

-established civil rights for people with disabilities -assuring equal opputnity, full participation, independent living, and economic self sufficiency and protect against discrimination

effects of child abuse

-eye contact avoiding -difficulty communicating -sexual provacative behavior -low school achievment -low self-esteem

international monetary fund (IMF)

-facilitating world trade by maintaining stability and liquid in national currencies around the globe

The family- (Un) Friendly workplace

-family-leave policies and issue -pregnancy discriminaiton -lower the family income, the higher proportion that goes to child care

loss of indigenous economies

-farmers, now are bankrupt and forced to move to urban areas -because of terms of trade: favor powerful industrial nations -conditionality: making loans to third world nations -examples: jamaica, india (high rates of suicide)

unemployment and economic inequality

-fear that globalization is creating a two-tiered employment system, a system that creates a relatively few good jobs while creating many low-paying jobs for the majority of the worlds population

loss of corporate social accountability

-fear- when multinational corps. operate globally outside of local accountablity, their management is not held responsible for the social costs of their own policies

status of the federal "war on drugs"

-focused on cutting off the supply of drugs in the US from latin america -detention, arrest, incarceration- black males more likely -expensive -SW advocating for drug treatment rather than incarceration

second world nations

-former nonmarket nations with centrally planned economies and state ownership of the means of production (russia and china)- transitioning to free market economies

the weakening of democracy

-greater the political power of multinational corps, the less the political power of average citizens- less democracy -international monetary fund- economic stability -not elected by people

long term effects of abuse

-gyneological ( UTIs, infections, STD) - neurological -chronic stress related

Hero

-idea of someone overcoming disability -brave survivor- paternalistic -ignores all other characteristics of the character

developmental disability

-impairment in physical, mental -may impact day to day -intellectual disability

practice settings

-impatient -outpatient -residential -private practice

post release and rehabilitation

-incarcerated offenders have a lot of characteristics in common- low level education, attainment, a lack of vocational skills, and higher than average rates of unemployement -effective half way house and pre release programs also reduce recidivism

obesisty

-increased in the past 30 years -higher risk of illness

in home care and assistance services

-increasing -help with meal prep, laundry, cleaning -adult day care services-costly

Model Adolescent Parenting education

-informational, mentorship and practical services that promote: 1.high school completion 2.building self-worth 3.strengthening job skills 4.delaying subsequent pregnancy 5.stabilizing the current family situation and preventing child maltreatment 6.achieving optimal health and development for children and the mother

case study: walmart and the power of global corporations

-largest retail chain in the world -simple philosophy: offer consumers a good product at the lowest possible price -wal-mart has many critics -how they treat their employees (forcing workers to work overtime with no pay) -pay woman less than men -foreign pants- bad conditions -small-town culture destroyed- forcing stores out of business

The Diagnostic and statistical manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

-lists the categories of mental disorders -critisms -reliabilty? -lack of attention to cultural difference -herb kutchins and staurt kirk

SSDI and SI

-major services to individuals with disabilities

Socioeconomic Aspects of Illness

-minorites- more likely to get these illnesses because of lower (SES)- education, occupation, income -blacks: highest cancer death rates -puerto ricans- asthma

drug addiction

-more severe - compulsion to use chemical substances that results in a physiological dependence in which the body tissues require the substance to function comfortably absence: withdrawal

girls and juvenile justice

-most come in for a status offense - a violation of law that applies only to juvenile (running away, curfew)

Anxiety Disorders

-most common mental disorder in the U.S. -excessive fear, worry or apprehension, and even dread, as well as avoidance of situations because of those feelings -Generalized -OCD -PTSD -phobias

law enforcement

-most crimes dealt with through state and local governments -most reported crimes go unsolved

youth, drugs, and alcohol

-most men- death from alcohol -college students exhibits higher rates of alcohol or drug addiction

Head start and early head start

-national program for preschool children (3-5) promotes school readiness by providing educational health, nutritional, and social services to enrolled families and children -founded because of war on poverty goal: enhance cog and social development for poor children to "level the playing field"

tobacco

-nicotine (stimulant for user) -heart failure, cancer, coughing

American Association of Retired Persons

-non profit advocacy -social problems and issues affecting senior citizens

death and dying

-not as scared to think about death-much more concerned of the process of dying and what it means to their loved ones -worry about where they will die-nervous to die in institutions, want to die at home with dignity -medical personnel neglect emotional care-feel abondoned

finding meaning later in life

-often remain engaged in some type of work after retirement -can feel useful and help others (pass on wisdom) -individual and society benefit -later life- goof ties with family, social, mental -less social interaction- greater chance institutionalized -benefits from strong religious and spiritual connections in their lives -coping skills -discern meaning out of life and death

workers compensation

-oldest social insurance program -laws and programs vary state to state

contributing factors

-people living longer and healthier -physically more vulnerable -missed safe sex education -doctors discomfort discussing sex -introduction of sex-enhancing medicines -educational campaigns and programs not targeted at elders

Types of Child Abuse

-physical -neglect (leaving child alone for long time, encouraging child to steal (emotional neglect) -emotional (lack of affection/ attention) -sexual -a lot of cases go unreported

elder abuse

-physical violence (grabbing) -psychological abuse (yelling) -material abuse (exploitation financial) -elder neglect

current trends

-political advocacy (SWs) -people with disabilities more likely to live in poverty and less likely to have access to education, healthcare, and housing -isolation and exclusion

Family Intervention

-recieve and investigate reports of maltreatment -arrange foster care -provide services to families -arrange permanent adoptive homes or independent living services for children leaving foster care

Object of Pity

-seen person with disability seen with out any agency

Sexual and Gender Identity disorders

-sexual dysfunction or identification with the other gender -male erectile disorder -Gender Identity disorder (GID)- significant and persistent identification with the other gender -persistent uncomf. with one owns sex

social security

-social insurance program for retired and disabled workers -roughly 90% of older americans receive benefits

Social Workers in the healthcare profession

-specialize in providing biopsychosocial supports to individuals and families -hospitals still employ the majority of social workers in health care and medical social work

crystal meth abuse

-started in the W. coast and has spread across the US -american indians striken by poverty and street youth looking for cheap high -smoking- damages brain cells -easy to obtain, expensive - can contribute to spread of AIDS

Health Services

1. health insurance was controversial issue 2. 1960s- employers provided health insurance as benefit 3. Now- expanded development of medicaid and medicare

Least Restrictive Enviroment (LRE)

-students with disabilities to be educated with students with out -requires children only be removed from the regular classroom when education in regular classes cannot be --achieved satisfactoring with use of supplementary aids and services

elder abuse

-the stress, loss of leisure time, finance -can be hard for family members who provide support -neglect caregiver responsibilites, lash out get angry -realized problem in 1980s -great majority- females over 80 -usually don't care to report -can occur in formal institutions as well

loss of cultural identity

-the threat that American economic, political and social values will extinguish -impact of globalization on third world nations is even more drastic -new world dissorder

china and globalization

-transitioning to a free market economy former- non market government planned economy (poverty) -1990s- opened its national borders to foreign business, billions dollars of investments in china -people moving to urban areas -human migration -free-trade zones -remarkable change: lifted out of poverty -walmart with america

Cancer

-uncontrolled division, growth, and spread of abnormal cells in the body -SW who work in the cancer field: oncology social workers

categories of criminal behavior

-violation- traffic citations -misdeemeanor- punishable by no more than a year in jail -felony- serious crime -capital offense- most serious category of crime- may be lifetime in jail

Private Insurance and Managed Care

-work-related health insurance- Majority of U.S. -free for free service: choose a doc, clinic, or hospital and the insurance pays for part or all of the cost according to a predetermined fee-schedule -managed care: controls both financing and service delivery to insured individuals

physical disabilities

1 in 5 people in the U.S. cope with one -older adults, low income SWs- collaborating, strength-based, and social functioning

assesment

1) Criminal History 2) Education, Employment, Financial Situation 3) Family and Social Support 4) Neighborhood 5) Substance Use 6) Peer Associations 7) Criminal Attitudes and Behavior Patterns

Divorce Difficulties

1. Legal 2. Financial 3. Psychological/ emotional 4. Parent relationships 5. Interparent Relationships

Child Abuse and Incest Risks

1. absence of natural parents 2.disability, illness or employment of the mother 3.female gender 4.parental conflict or violence 5.poor parent and child-victim relationship 6.preadolescent age 7.prescence of step father

Social Workers

1. educating individuals and families about management 2. stress reduction 3. support groups 4. community resources 5. financial resources 6. advocating with the medical system

barriers to mental health care for people of color

1. fear and mistrust 2. racism and discrimination 3. language and communication factors

Problems in the Health care system

1. fragmented, complex, highly individualized and localized 2. so much money to be made 3. number of uninsured people is increasing 4. workers with preexisting health often cannot obtain insurance

2 federal medicaid programs

1. intermediate care facilities/ mentally retarded (ICF/MR) 2.home and community based services waiver (HCBS) programs- federal reimbursment to states for community services

Transition

1. leaving home- single young adults 2. The joining of families through Marriage 3. Families with young Children 4. Families with Adolescents 5. Launching children and moving on 6. families in later life

child maltreatment

1. mandatory child maltreatment reporting statues; 2. criminal statues; and 3. Juvenile Court Jurisdiction Statues

Partner Abuse

1. physical abuse 2. Psychological abuse 3. Financial abuse 4. Neglect

3 necessary aspects of social work practice with this population

1. political advocacy 2. organizational development 3. inclusive, family-centered practices

Four Basic Functions of Family

1. reproduction 2. Socialization 3. Economic Support 4. Emotional Support and Social Interaction

Family Violence services

1. transitional services 2. Shelters 3. Mental Health services 4. Child Centered services

Self- Help: Parents Anonymous

1.build strong communities and strengthen families 2.achieve meaningful parent leadership goal: strengthen families so there isn't abuse

a brief of globalization

3 eras of globalization 1. 1492-1800 - foreign trade to create national wealth and employment -feudalism--> capitalism -mercantilist 2. 1800-2000 -corporations going global -facilitated by hardware -improvements in transportation and telecommunications 3. 2000 -individuals going global -technology change to software -computerization, digitalization, satellite communication

how many youth in prison

34000 youth in prison

marijuana

3rd drug widely used in the US adverse effects: impaired short term memory, slow learning, lung dysfunctions, decreased sperm count

least restrictive setting

setting which allows a client the highest level of self determination while providing the proper treatment intenstity model for services to be effective

Employee assistance programs (EAPs)

confidential assessment and referral resources designed to help employees balance work and family life and cope with the mounting array of personal and work pressures

A case study of environmental impact: Lee Robins' study of heroin in US Vietnam war troops

About 50% of U.S. troops in Vietnam tried heroin About 20% became addicted After returning home, just 5% of addicted persons used heroin within the next 10 months

social work in france

American social workers tend to work with client systems individually (one social worker per client system) French social workers work in les équipes (teams) and make decisions collectively

Cluster B (personality disorders)

Antisocial -borderline: impulsitivity -histronic: excessive emotionality and attention seeking -narcissitic: grandiosity, lack of empathy, and need for admiration

components of palliative care

Assessment Treatment of symptoms Support for decision-making Assistance in matching treatments and goals Provision of practical aid Mobilization of community resources Insuring collaborative and seamless models of care across settings

school of social work: researcher

Attended and participated in classes Interviewed over 40 students and instructors Visited and interacted with social workers and clients in field settings

Baby boomer statistics

Born between 1946 and 1964 Older (1946-1956) Younger (1957-1964) 78 million boomers Every 7.5 seconds one turns 60 Every hour 330 turn 65 More than 10,000 will turn 65 every day for the next 19 years -our population is aging- population will be more elders than younger

late adulthood

By 2020, 35% of the population will be 50+ By 2030, 20% of U.S. population will be 65 By 2050, adults over 85, quintuple to more then 21 million Centenarians growing: 72,000 and close to 1 million by 2050 Super centenarians (110+): 60

community health clinics

CHC- community health clinic tufts-delta health center aimed to serve black population -health care outreach and personal medical services, health education, empowerment

commuity notification

Community notification has no effect on offenders' behavior/re-arrest/return to prison rates Assists law enforcement to apprehend suspects Interferes with community re-entry and adjustment (job and relationship loss, denial of housing, forced to live in areas with few resources, threats, harassment, property damage)

social assistant

Contributes to actions of prevention and uses expertise to fight against social exclusion. They work with individuals, families, groups, encouraging the involvement of the client. The problems faced by the social worker are very diverse: debt, domestic violence, child in danger, housing demand, the RMI eligibility conditions. The main objective is to provide tailored support to people according to their difficulties. After analyzing the situation, the social worker identifies possible solutions. Knowing organizations and social assistance schemes, s/he informs people of their rights and helps them to complete an • • administrative file or directs them to the most

foster care

making alternative residential arrangements for that child outside his or her home -reunification (primary goal)- 1st goal of family -permanency arrangements -many children live in foster homes until their 18th birthday

electric monitoring (GPS)

Electronic monitoring does not reduce recidivism With GPS, no differences between GPS group and control group in number of violations, new charges, or number of days before first violations in first year Monitoring Tennessee's Sex Offenders Using GPS: A Project Evaluation (2007) Offender risk factors account for variations in recidivism—electronic monitoring has no effect Adding treatment to electronic monitoring is associated with reduced recidivism

bio-psycho-social roots of addiction (alan)

Evidence from twin studies (differences between identical and non-identical twins) and adoption studies • • • Environment largely determines use >50% of risk of developing addiction is genetic ~80-90% of recovering from addiction can be explained by environmental factors

Hospice

First London, England 1960s -give supportive attention to people of all ages who are in the final phase of terminal illness -focuses on quality of life respite care: offers family members relief

Betty Carter

Framework that depicts the family as a system that moves through time

special education

IDEA- covers children ages 3-21 in need of special education

terminal or palliative sedation

Intention is to deliberately induce and maintain deep sleep to address intractable pain when standard palliative care interventions have failed to provide adequate relief. The intention is not to deliberately cause death. -sedation -also referred to double effect: one effect is to take away the pain, also can cause death

international social work

International Related Domestic Practice and Advocacy -Professional Exchange -International Practice -International Policy Development and Advocacy

motivational learning

It is a person-centered counseling style for addressing the common problem of ambivalence about change by paying particular attention to the language of change. It is designed to strengthen an individual's motivation for and movement toward a specific goal by eliciting and exploring the person's own reasons for change within an atmosphere of acceptance and compassion

elder abuse

Less than 1 in 14 cases reported Financial exploitation, physical, neglect & emotional abuse Roughly 90% of perpetrators are family members Even modest abuse leads to 300% higher risk of death

advance directive

Living Will: Allows you to state your wishes in writing, but not name a patient advocate Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care: Allows you to name a "patient advocate" to act for you and carry out your wishes only when you are not able to make decisions -2 witness when person signs and legal doc -40% of advance directives are not adhere to -doctors will override decision

threats to quality dying process

Living and dying longer Increased trips to hospital & ICU Autonomy and independence at risk (biggest loss of control) Physical, psychosocial & spiritual suffering Limited attention to holistic approach to health care Advance directives overwhelming, not understood, etc.

what to do?

Macro-Social and Legislative Advocacy Mezzo-Community Intervention Micro-Rehabilitation

mood disorders

Major Depressive Disorder and bipolar disorder- persons emotional state and attitude

working with people with disabilities

Micro ●Children, youth, and families in educational settings ●Transitioning from school to the community Mezzo ●Community Supported Living ●Employment, Housing, Behavioral Health Macro ●Policy! ●Advocacy!

cognitive behavior theory

Multiple models/programs with similar efficacy How you deliver may be more important than what you deliver CBT for offenders focuses on challenging criminal thinking errors/distorted beliefs

most common type of child maltreatment?(Ellen)

Neglect

hidden effects of incarceration

One in 14 U.S. children. - According to their parents, nearly seven percent of children in the United States have lived with a parent who was incarcerated at some time after the child's birth. This amounts to more than five million children, ages birth through 17, as of 2011-12 - Black children, disproportionately. About twice as high a percentage of black children as white children have experienced parental incarceration - Poor children. Children living in poverty are more than three times as likely to have experienced the incarceration of a parent

individualism and collectivism

One way of conceptualizing the distinctions of specific cultures is through the constructs of individualism and collectivism. • Also referred to as low context cultures and high context cultures. • Such constructs have utility in identifying shared norms about human relationships. Individualism and collectivism are not exclusive; cultures have a mixture of both. • Important to explore what is true for an individual's experience of culture.

shifting location of care

Only 4% over 65 reside in nursing home at any point in time Community-Based Care Advocacy of persons with disabilities Demedicalization of conditions Skyrocketing LTC costs

cluster A (personality disorders)

Paranoid schizoid- detachment from social relations and limited emotions schizaotypical- accute discomfort in social relationships, cognitive distortions, and odd/ eccentric behavior

Medicare Coverage (1965)

Part A: hospital insurance to people who meet certain conditions and is funded by payroll taxes and employee contributions. Part B: voluntary program that covers physician services, outpatient care and some medical supplies and diagnostic tests -pay monthly

indiviudal and family issues: crime and corrections

Problems beyond mental health Diagnoses: ● Trauma ● Aggression ● Attachment ● Re-entry ● Sexuality and Sexual Behavior (Particular concerns with institutionalized youth) ● Family Issues ● Current and Family of Origin

responsitivity principle

Provide the treatment in a style and mode that is responsive to the offender's learning style and ability General Responsivity: The strategy and the alliance Specific Responsivity: Treatment tailored to the individual

adverse childhood experiences

RESULTS: Results indicated that the offender group reported nearly four times as many adverse events in childhood than an adult male normative sample. Eight of ten events were found at significantly higher levels among the criminal population. In addition, convicted sexual offenders and child abusers were more likely to report experiencing sexual abuse in childhood than other offender types. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of a review of the literature and current findings, criminal behavior can be added to the host of negative outcomes associated with scores on the ACE Questionnaire. Childhood adversity is associated with adult

adverse childhood experiences and adult criminality

RESULTS: Results indicated that the offender group reported nearly four times as many adverse events in childhood than an adult male normative sample. Eight of ten events were found at significantly higher levels among the criminal population. In addition, convicted sexual offenders and child abusers were more likely to report experiencing sexual abuse in childhood than other offender types. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of a review of the literature and current findings, criminal behavior can be added to the host of negative outcomes associated with scores on the ACE Questionnaire. Childhood adversity is associated with adult

Risk-Need-Responsitivity (model)

RISK-How likely a person is to engage in criminal behaviors ➢ NEED-Changeable areas in a person's life should be targeted for intervention / supervision in order to decrease their likelihood of future criminal behavior ➢ Responsivity- What personal strengths and/or specific individual factors might influence the effectiveness of treatment services

Substance abuse 50 plus

Rate of illicit drug use by adults 50-59 increased from 2.7% in 2002 to 6.3% in 2011 (SAMHSA, 2011) Alcohol, opiates, cocaine and marijuana most commonly used Substance use disorders projected to double from 2.8 to 5.7 million by 2020 heroin addiction alcohol most common -Approximately 25% use prescription psychoactive medications (sedatives, antidepressants, antipsychotics, etc.) Likely to take prescribed psychoactive meds for long time periods

Trauma informed Approach

Realize the prevalence of trauma. Recognize how trauma affects all individuals involved with the program, organization, or system, including its own workforce. Respond by putting this knowledge into practice. Resist retraumatization - Safety Trustworthiness Choice Collaboration Empowerment

criminal thinking errors

Resistance to feedback/Closed Channel Victim Stance/Blaming Lack of Sustained Effort (F**k it) Externalizing Entitlement Expectations of others Grandiosity (I can get away with it) Justification

RNR summary

Risk- who to target Need-what to target Responsivity-how to target it

remaining at home

SWs- adult day care centers to hospitals- link senior with services -95% live in own homes after retirement -in home support services -poorest of older americans- resort to public housing (no services/ nursing home)

non-crimonegenic needs

Self-esteem Anxiety Lack of parenting skills Medical needs Victimization issues Learning disability They may need to be addressed before or concurrently along with criminogenic needs in treatment because: They may represent a barrier to effective participation in treatment (ability and/or willingness) Specific Responsivity

are social workers ready?

Social work jobs will increase by approximately 19% from 2012-2022 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2015) Employment growth faster than average for all occupation About 55,000 social workers now needed and by 2050, need will double but only 5% trained (Elder Workforce Alliance)

trauma informed approach

TIC is a strengths-based service delivery approach that is grounded in an understanding of and responsiveness to the impact of trauma, that emphasizes physical, psychological, and emotional safety for both providers and survivors, and that creates opportunities for survivors to rebuild a sense of control and empowerment.

collectivism (high context culture)

Tendency to view self as interdependent. •Tendency towards alignment of Basic Social Value Difference • United States—emphasis on individual rights and the responsibility of the individual to take care of her/himself and family • France--"the collective" is most important --Liberté, Égalité,Fraternité

2 components of motivational learning

The "Spirit of MI". Establishing an effective, collaborative working/helping alliance to increase motivation to change. Facilitating Change. Reinforcing change talk, developing a change plan, strengthening commitment to change. (OARS)

trauma-specific treatment services

These services are evidence-based and promising practices that facilitate recovery from trauma. The term "trauma-specific services" refers to prevention, intervention, or treatment services that address traumatic stress as well as any co- occurring disorders (including substance use and mental disorders) that developed during or after trauma.

eating disorders

Triggers -Child leaving home -Divorce -Loss of spouse -Loss of body & double standard (older woman not seen as having "desirable body" More deadly: elders account for 78% of all deaths from anorexia Middle Age: Men less likely to develop eating disorder than women -doctor doesn't catch someone eating disorder- people getting older are usually seen as getting thinner -goes undiagnosed -elders don't lose appetite (unless health issue) -personality stays the same -can change and still do therapy

what he said

US locks up most amount of people in the world -over 2 mill locked up -1/5 drugs - half in federal prison

substance abuse

a maladaptive pattern of using certain drugs, alcohol, medications, and toxins despite their adverse consequences

probation

a term applied to adult offenders that courts place on community supervision instead of incarceration

traumatic brain injury (TBI)

an injury to the brain cause by impact (car accidents, fall, sports injury) or internal damage (gunshot wound, surgical intervention, or oxygen loss)

services to batterers

abuser groups treated weekly with combination of rehab and punishment techniques -small and inconsistent -decreases sexual violence by just five percent improved by: -motivational rather than confrontational -tailored treatment -substance abuse treatment -couples therapy

youth offenders and juvenile crime

account for 19% all arrests 14% murder 17% violent crimes

artemis program

addresses substance abuse for female inmates who are pre and or mothers of young children

family violence

all types of violent crime committed by an offender who is related to the victim, either biologically or legally, through marriage or adoption

dual diagnosis

an identification of coexisting disorders -challenge for SWs. -overlapping symptoms of many disorders

marxist theories

argue that those who own the means of production (example: factories, business) have the greatest power and use the power for their own advantage, criminalizing the behaviors of lower class persons

cluster c (personality disorders)

avoidant dependent obsessive compulsive

materialist perspective on disability

asserts that economic factors lead to the oppression of people with disabilities -less valued as workers -viewed as less competent

all therapists follow this path

assesment- gather data establishing relationship intervention- change begins evaluation- effectiveness of treatment termination- can be difficult

psychological models of addiction

believe that people become addicted as a way to cope with a primary psychological problem -addictive personality -social learning theory- learn from addictive behaviors of significant others

collaboration

both a process and outcome in which stake holders work together to address conflicts that a cannot be effectively managed by any agency alone

civilization

broad cultural grouping -includes one or more nations -globalization- conflicts between civilizations (tension) -9/11 terrorist attacks -to prevent- non-western civilizations are attempting to modernize with out "westernizing"

the graying of America

by 2030, the number of older adults will be over 70 million people, with 9 million over age 85 factors -advancements in medicine -improvement in sanitation, living conditions, and working conditions -baby boom

expert witnesses

called on by the court to express an interpretive opinion about the facts of the case

Short term disability (STD) benefits

can cover the period of disability up to 26 weeks following disability

defense mechanisms

can lead to problems in functioning -denial -projection

reasonable accomodation

change in structure or approach that results in equal opportunity or access for a person with a disability

world bank

charged with the mission of promoting capital investments in developing countries

Adolescent Pregnancy and Parenting intergenerational effect

children of young mothers are more likely to become pregnant during adolescence than the children of mothers who wait until their 20s to have their children -birth implications -less likely adequate care -teen mothers score lower on achievement tests

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

children with disabilities

residential treatment programs

clients reside in the same place where they receive mental health and or substance abuse treatment and other support services -chronic/ severe mental disorders - most patients- outpatient therapy

"respite" (long- term treatment)

clinically appropriate, cost effective -reduces ER use -admission: cognitive patterns, mood, and behavior assesment -family important role

Integrated Disability Movement Programs (IDM)

combine disability management and insurance claims administration

drug courts

combine law enforcement and drug treatment programs -give offenders choice of going to prison or going through treatment -effective, expected to grow -funded by federal and state government as well as private philanthropy

alcoholism

compulsive drinking of beverages that contain the drug, alcohol -liver damage -Fetal Alc syndrome- irrerversible mental, physical, and or behaviors problems

SW and criminal justice

correction SWs and services to inmates -the cost of incareration is increasing -many institutions are overcrowded -assuming safe and humane enviroments that protect the enviroment

compassion (key role)

critical role-understand what they are going through and want to help them

criminal justice reform

death penalty- people wrongly convicted many people don't have adequate representation

family therapy

deemphasizes the role of the "problem" person and instead is directed at changing the family structure which in turn changes the family members lives

binge drinking

defined as having 5 drinks (men) or 4 drinks (women) on occasion -white students more abusive -debate of lowering the alcohol age

disability paradigm

defines disability as a product of interactions between the individuals characteristics and enviromental characteristics -disability natural part of life

mental ill in prisons

deinstitutionalization to re-institutional prison rates sky rocketed as mental health hospitals going down

schizophrenia

dellusions and or hallucinations, confused or incoherent speech, unusual or bizarre behavior -restricted emotional responses usually men- late teens, early 20s

long term effects

depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, low self esteem, lack of trust

learning disabilities

describes neurological disorders that affect the brains ability to receive, process, store, and respond to information -difficulty with basic reading -no apparent cause

postmodernist perspective on disability

disabilities are so varied and complex that no single theory can adequately explain them

social perspective on disability

disability derives from social arrangements that restrict the activities of people with impairments by placing social barriers in the way -enviroment

medical perspective on disability

disability stems from biological or physiological malfunction with in the person that has led to impaired functioning in the activities of daily living

"Average" single parent

divorced mother in her early 30s with 1/2 children

have rate of child abuse gone up or down in the last few years? (Ellen)

down

Interprofessional collaboration

dynamic and complex -process that takes place in health care setting -when "2 or more healthcare providers cooperate and assist one another in the service of patient of family members 1. shared access of patient problems and needs 2. relevant info exchange 3. team teaching of staff 4. intervention plan development 5. ethical decision making 6. task and responsibility delegation 7. outcome evaluation

developmental models

emphasize the role individuals past experiences in shaping their present functions including the development of mental disorders

employees retirement income security act in 1974

ensures that workers receive benefits from their retirement plans

Family and Medical Leave act

entitles employees to up to 12 weeks of job-protected, unpaid leave during any 12 month period

The education for all Handicapped Children of 1975

established the right of all children to education, mandated an integrated, mainstreamed program for children with special needs and called for development of individualized education plans

biopsychosocial model of addiction

explains alcohol and other drug addiction as a result of the interaction of multiple factors in the life of the individual -biological, social and psychological factors

social disorganization theory

explains community differences in crime rates by indentifying the characteristics of communities with high crime rates

Bipolar Disorder

extreme mood shifts - depressive episodes and manic episodes

world trade organization (clinton administration)

facilitate world trade, in large parts by serving as an arbitration in trade disputes b/w various nations around the world -binding, enforceable, though sanctions on uncorpetive countries -age of multinational, transnational, and global corp is upon us

feminist theories

focus on gender differences in crime that result in large measure from differences in social learning and control for males and females

third world nations

former colonial nations wanted independence, indigenous economies today: poor nations of the world -sub-saharan africa and south asia -closed themselves off the global economy SOLUTION: free-market economies

unconscious

freud believed that important psychological processes that drive thinking, emotions and behavior occur outside of a conscious awareness -hold back threatening info

corrections

function of state governments

aging

gerontology- study of aging -young field, people living longer

support groups

groups where the members offer ongoing support to each other

short term effects

guilt, fear, shame, hostility anger

fact witnesses

have first hand knowledge of the individual or situation in question

disability

he or she has a physical mental impairment that substation ally limits one or more major life activities, has a reward of this kind of impairment and or regarding by other as impairment -includes HIV, AIDS

home care

health care and social services that are provided for individuals and families in their homes/ communities -increase 1. increase from acute infectious diseases to chronic diseases as major health problems 2. advances in medical technology 3.Reluctance to consider nursing home 4.AIDS epidemic 5.increased survival rates for medically fragile children

problems with managed care

health care fragmentation: providers tend to work in separate, unrelated services uninsured: do not have access to any health insurance at all underinsured: insurance coverage but are at risk for incurring medical debt

innovations and proposed solutions

healthcare reform -Jonathen Gruber believes that a move toward universal health care coverage must address 1. pooling 2.affordability 3.mandate issues

senior citizens

heart of community based support -network for older adults -community facilities or programs that offer many benefits, including a warm and friendly place to socialize with peers

institutional anomie theory

high crime rate stems partially from the emphasis on the "American Dream"

divorced parents

higher risk of physical and mental illness, suicide and homicide, substance abuse, depression and anxiety

cognitive- behavioral perspective

humans are shaped by past and current events and interactions with their enviroments -innately motivated by inner forces -humans seeking to increase their feelings of pleasure and reduce feelings of pain -emphasis role of learning

mental health parity

idea that the same range of insurance benefits should exist for mental illness as physical illness

courts

if probable cause is found, or the individual waves his or her right to a preliminary hearing, the case may be bound over to a grand jury -indiciment filled (written statement) -may plead "guilty" or plead "no lo contender" (accepts penalty with out admitting to crime

residential care and assisted living

if the senior citizen requires more support services than typically offered in segregated living environments -enabled elders with minor impairments to continue to live relatively independently -more reirement senior citizens- "retirement homes" -enclosed facilities -nursing homes-more affordable -residential facilities that provide continous care to frail and impaired elders -24 hr medical supervision problem: service equality

rehab services

include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and mental health services- SW advocate

juvenile justice system

juvenile court proceedings are sealed

child custody

legal and residential custody, and other financial issues

health promotion and prevention

less active- promote healthy lifestyles for elderly individuals 1. developing active friendly communities 2. advocating for transportation friendly communities 3. healthy work environments 4. cooperation jurisdiction, etc. 5. clinical services 6. community comperence 7. economic development for health 8. promoting professional community research and information partners

personality disorders

long term rigid patterns of behavior thinking, emotions, attitudes and world views -begins in adolescense

employee assistance programs (EAPS)

may have in house clinicians to provide short term counseling and substance abuse treatment to employees

forensic

means pertaining to or connected to courts of law -SWs- activities related to criminal or civil law

psychotropic medication

medication that affects mood, behavior and or mental processes

Earlier, Extended Family Structure

men and women expected to marry early and stay married permanetaly -large family valued -children- economic asset -families started to shrink during industrialization

labeling theory

mental disorders originate from the way society views certain behaviors -mental illness exists subjectively Szasz- mental illness is a myth -deviations from the "norms"

Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence

mental retardation, learning disorders, persuasive developmental disorders (ADD, ADHD) -Delinum, Dementia (Alzeihmers most common), Amnesic (cognitive disorders)

social work and mental health services

micro: service to individuals case management: coordinate multiple ongoing services for individual clients with mental disorders psycho therapy: SW may work with clients who are struggling with a mental disorder

racial and ethnic disparities in prison

more than 5 times to go to jail if black for same crime as white person

deinstitutionalization

movement began in early 1960s under the kennedy administration -resulting the releasing of long-term state mental health hospital residents into local communities

clinical Social workers

must hold at least an MSW to provide most clinical services including psychotherapy

transportation alerternatives

need alternative transportation- increased mobility, vitality, and social engagement for them, while protecting society from the increased risk of fatal motor vehicle accidents -medicabs, dial-a-ride

developmental disabilities

non diagnostic term that refers to the criteria that determine a person's eligibility for relevant federally funded programs must be: 1. severe and chronic 2.indentified in individuals 5 years of age or older and manifested before age 22 3.attributable to a mental or physical impairment or a combo of 2 4.likely to continue indefinetly 5. the cause of substational limitations 6.reflective of the person's needs for a combo and sequence of special, interdisciplinary, or genetic care, treatment or other services that are life-long or extended in duration and are individually planned

crime

occurs when a person behaves in a way that has been defined by the government either to be prohibited by law or to involve failure to act where there is a legal responsibility to do so

advocacy and collaboration for older americans

older american act of 1965 -area agencies on aging- to develop, coordinate, and some cases deliver service for older americans -meals on wheels -foster grandparent program

individuals with disabilities (IDEA) of 1997 and ADA

people of all ages with learning disabilities are protected against discrimination and have right to classroom and workplace assistance

Macro practice

policy, administration, and advocacy

mezzo

practice with group families "therapy groups"

medications

primary method of treatment

managed care

primary mode of health care delivery in the US -any health care services that are paid for by a third party

deinstitutionalization

process of placing developmentally disabled and mentally ill individuals, formally housed in large scale state-run institutions, into community-based programs and living situations

rehabilitation

process whereby a person with a physical disability seeks to gain or regain independence and autonomy in different areas of functioning through participation in specialized medical programs, each with a unique multidisplinary team

civil unions

prohibit same-sex marriage, but provide couples various benefits enjoyed by legally married couples

mortality costs

projected future losses to society in worker productivity caused by premature deaths

Adoption Services

promotes: -permanency -adoption -safe and stable families -older children less likely to be adopted -not-for-profit intermediary adoption agencies arrange all adoptions -for-profit: illegal

labeling theory

proposes that labeling individuals as criminals results in difficulties in obtaining legit employment and reduced contact with noncriminal individuals and eventually encourages criminal behaviors

multiagency collaboration

provides the necessary range of services often required to address the serious implications of common issues such as domestic violence and substance abuse

Federal Employee's compensation Act (FECA)

provides workers compensation for nonmilitary federal employees with provisions similar to most state laws

racial disparities in mental health care

racial and ethnic minorities have less access to mental health services are less likely to receive mental health care, receive poorer quality care

needle exchange programs

reduce the incidence of HIV and hepatitus reduce disease spread with out increasing drug use deliver risk-reduction supplies allow individuals to exchange needles on behalf of other persons- secondary exchanges

intoxication

refers to the state of being under the influence of alcohol or other drugs such that the thinking, feeling, and behavior of the individual are affected

blended families

remarried, reconstituded or step families- can include biological parents and offspring and partners who bring their children to the new family unit (family with step family)

therapeutic communities

residential programs visually to treat drug addicts

restoring justice and juvenile justice

resorative justice- concerned with repairing the harm done to victims and the community through a process of negotiation, mediation, victim empowerment and reparation

control theory

seeks to understand why people do not engage in crime 3 major restraints 1. when others are directly controlling the persons behavior 2. when the person has a lot to lose by engaging in crime 3. when the person try to control his or her own behavior

sexual violence

sexual activity that is forced or that takes place with out the victim's consent -most victims are women -most perpetrators are men -fear of making reports

sociological theories and the "myth of mental illness"

social constructionist perspective- mental disorders are what a society constructs them to be

medicare

social insurance program that assists senior citizens in paying for cost of acute health care needs -hospital and physical services part A: 90% of older Americans-hospital insurance Part B: buy medical insurance, physician services, outpatient services, and ambulatory care Part D: optional prescription drug benefit for elders weakness: inadequate coverage for long-term care for seniors

mental retardation

specific diagnostic condition that is often part of developmental disabilities 1. genetic conditions (down syndrome) 2. problems during pregnancy 3. unknown

stroke

sudden impairment in brain function that can cause brain damage -herrohage: too much blood with in the closed crania area -ischemia: too little blood supply an adequate amount of nutrients and oxygen to parts of the brain

alcoholics anonymous (AA)

support groups run by nonprofessionals -spiritual aspect (christan undertone) closed meetings- focus on 12 steps open meetings- voluntary share their stories

Family Planning services

supported by public funds are among the most critical and most widely used services available to women -public clinics

deficit model approach

targeting young people most at risk for delinquent or violent behavior and working to change specific behaviors or characteristics such as failing school or abusing drugs

psychodynamic

term use to describe the family of theories and approaches to human psychology that have their origins in the work of Sigmund Freud -innate devices- psychic energy -"fixation" occurs and leads to inner conflict

parole

term used for adults conditionally released to community supervision whether by parole board decision or by mandatory conditional release after serving a prison term

mobility costs

the value of reduced or lost productivity that results from drug abuse

socioculture model of addiction

theoretical models that explain individual addiction to alcohol and other drugs as caused by social and cultural factors -ethnic groups: chinese and jewish allow alcohol but not excessive -family: children of alcoholic parents are more likely to become alcoholics

globalization

the integration of markets, nation-states, and technology to a degree never witnessed before technologies: computerization, digitation, satellite communications, fiber uptics, and the internet

reentry

the return of a released or paroled offender to their community- more successful when planned, coordinated and structured -communities play a part

aftercare

the stage of intervention that follows formal addiction treatment or "continuing care"

"catch 22"

they may earn just enough for employment to move them beyond the income threshold necessary to qualify for means tested public assistance or to free them from grasp of poverty

historical perspective on people with disabilities

through out history, seen as "outsiders" mid 1800s- social advances for individuals with disabilities -dorothy dix

minnesota model

treatment program that employs a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach guided by the disease model of addiction and based on the principles of AA -group therapy -12 step facilitation

evidence based treatment

treatments that are supported by evidence of their effectiveness -have potential to save health care insurers -clients save money and treatments most likely work

culture bound syndromes

unique to a culture group or society and do not easily fit in the DSM

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

used with cocaine addicts 12-16 sessions

individualized service plans

useful tool to structure housing, employment, leisure, health care and advance directives for aging parents planning their transition out of care-giving

strain theory

when individuals experience strain or stress, they may involve in crime release tension -failure to achieve: money, status, respect, autonomy for adults

dementia and power of music

video with black man -music helped him articulate

humanisitic perspective

views human distinct, and innately driven to self-actualize- live to their fullest potential - "difficulties" - mental disorders

youth development

violence protection model that shifts the focus from problems and instead, emphasizes identifying, recognizing and then building upon youth strengths

Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003

voluntary medication coverage plan

recent development and trends

when possible, children are kept near there homes so the family can play a role in rehabilitation

Rise of Institutions (Josh)

• "The science of the improvement of the human race by better breeding." • So-called "feeblemindedness" was thought to be hereditary, and was eventually blamed for most of society's burdens. Proponents of eugenics, many of whom were doctors, advocated sterilization of persons with disabilities. They believed that if people with disabilities reproduced, they would eventually ruin the human species. • By the end of the Eugenics movement tens of thousands of people had been sterilized

Mary Ellen Wilson (ellen)

• 1873 First Child Abuse Case • Etta Mae Wheeler found a child being maltreated • Henry Bergh- president of the ASPCA • This case began a movement for a more formalized child protection system

Moving Towards the Present (Josh)

• A person-centered, community-oriented approach to deliver services for people with IDD. The approach emphasizes: • That people with IDD be in charge of their lives as much as possible. • That people with IDD have opportunities to use resources in ways that enhance their lives and help them participate in their communities. • A shared responsibility for the wise use of public dollars and the contribution that people with IDD and their families can make. • That the system is managed in a way that is efficient and fair to everyone. • John Agosta presentation AAIDD Wisconsin 2016

Change Agent Social Issue (Josh)

• Access to health care (psychiatry / dental care) is challenging • Many individuals have Medicaid / Medical Assistance • Medicaid is a jointly funded, Federal-State health insurance program for low-income and needy people. It covers children, the aged, blind, and/or disabled and other people who are eligible to receive federally assisted income maintenance payments. • Many doctors / dentists / heath care professionals are challenged to accept patients with MA • How do we meet people's needs for care?

motivational interviewing

• Ambivalence is normal and expected • Facilitates exploring ambivalence • Conveys acceptance vs. judgment • Promotes autonomy vs. control • Evokes the client's intrinsic motivation to change • Identifies client values and disconnect from behaviors • Builds confidence to changeq

History of Child Welfare (ellen)

• Ancient times: Children were the property of the father with different rules on when a child became a person. • 1700s - parens patriae- the government, or any other authority, regarded as the legal protector of citizens unable to protect themselves. • Mostly applied to poor children, abandoned, orphaned or unsupervised (worthy poor) • Unworthy poor-indentured or placed in institutions • 1800s- foundling hospitals, almshouses

central risk factors

• Antisocial Attitudes • Antisocial Peers • Antisocial Personality Pattern • History of Anti-Social Behavior • Family / Marital Factors • Lack of Achievement in Education / Employment • Lack of Pro-social Leisure Activities

Orphan Trains (ellen)

• Approximately 200,000 orphaned or abandoned children from Eastern cities were transported by train to new families across the nation • Eventually, the trains were replaced by foster care and adoption practices.

reward for SWs (alan)

• Building hope, witnessing change, success stories • Wide variety of roles; engaging work • Using your creative talents • The gift of listening and being fully present with another • Self-benefit of learning skills

Ongoing Social Work

• Case Management • Working with Families and supporting through a change process • Supporting Foster Families • Helping support children • Achieving Permanency for Children

Initial Assesment

• Child Welfare Investigation/Full assessment • Whether there are threats to safety and the plan to control any threats • Maltreatment determination and, when applicable, maltreater determination • Whether the family is in need of ongoing CPS services • Burden of Proof/Preponderance of the evidence. The amount of proof which would allow an individual to conclude that the maltreatment is more probable to have occurred than not

french social work ethnics

• Dignity of the Person • Non-Discrimination • Independence and Liberty • Competence • Confidentiality

Race and Ethnicity in Child Welfare

• Disparity is a challenge in Child Welfare- • Complex issue • Involves- History of Racial and Ethnic Groups, discrimination, deportation, bias, policies and systems, and poverty

The Battered Child Syndrome

• Dr. C. Henry Kempe introduced the term "battered child" in 1962 and sparked the recognition of physical abuse of children • The number of children in foster care increased substantially from 1961-1967 • Child abuse reporting laws started being passed.

sociocultural model (alan)

• Origins in social and cultural factors • More commonly applied to alcohol abuse • Subject to cultural bias

Eugenics Movement (Josh)

• Dr. Henry Goddard introduced the idea of a hereditary connection related to limited cognitive function. • Social ills (poverty, drunkenness, prostitution, crime, and violence) were attributed to "defective delinquents" • Dr. Goddard wrote a book called The Kallikak Family. • The conclusion was that mental retardation is hereditary and the root cause of many social problems.

crimogenic needs

• Dynamic or "changeable" risk factors that contribute to the likelihood that someone will commit a crime. • Changes in these needs / risk factors are associated with changes in recidivism.

University Angers: visiting professor

• Established in 835 • Lectured in the department of clinical psychology • Group Therapy, Carl Rogers, Life Story Research, Narrative and Identity • Gave a workshop: Discrimination of LGBT persons • Seminar regarding working with LGBTQ persons • Involved in research efforts regarding discrimination: -women, LGBT, differently-abled, immigrants

educator monitor

• Exercises a function of education, (Educator- facilitation and organization in the daily Monitor) disability. life of individuals in difficult or • The educator-monitor brings to people in need assistance and attention in elementary acts of daily life. It helps them to groom themselves, to dine, to get up and go to bed. It can also help them in their administrative procedures. • To develop the coping skills of those in charge, s/he sets up educational projects, support, learning and leisure: books and creative works, physical

1918 The Children's War

• Focus on infant and maternal health "save 100,000 babies" • Protecting Children as our patriotic duty

Children's Bureu 1912

• Focused on Infant mortality • Child labor issues- 1938 Fair Labor Standards act- regulation of child labor- The Act set a minimum age of 16 for general full-time employment and 18 in certain dangerous occupations. • Sets the Child Welfare Agenda still today

The Parents Movement (Josh)

• Frustrated and angry over poor living conditions and the lack of community services, parents began to organize and demand services for their sons and daughters. • Parent organizations filed lawsuits to force states to recognize the civil and legal rights of their children. • Services were established and delivery systems were required to provide appropriate services to children and adults with disabilities. • Actions were underway to close public institutions and assure that people with disabilities could live in and be a part of the natural community. • President John F Kennedy launched the President's Panel on Mental Retardation.

educator specialize

• Give a wide range of assistance to individuals, families and groups who have difficulty developing their abilities to socialize, to be autonomous, to be integrated into the collective, and/or to work. • They help to preserve and restore autonomy through enhancing social and educational activities (outings, workshops, tutoring, assistance with integration ...)

why treat SUDs? (alan)

• High prevalence-especially in medical, mental health and social service settings • Enormous societal cost • Common comorbidity with mental illness and other chronic diseases • Highly treatable-a majority of people affected can recover

Historical Perspective (Josh)

• History / stories of disability span hundreds of years • A common practice in the early 19th century was "warning out" individuals with disabilities and others considered deviant. These individuals were unwelcome. • Mid 1850's more awareness of disability issues began to surface. Psychiatrists introduced terminology such as idiocy and imbecility to describe cognitive function. • Segregation became more common practice. Training schools and asylums were developed. Provided custodial care. Institutional care grew from these training schools. Interaction in the community was no longer encouraged.

cognitive behavioral skills

• Identify and avoid substance using "triggers" • Teach mindfulness to cope with triggers and manage cravings • Make lifestyle changes that help avoid substance use and promote health • Create "relapse prevention plan" "recovery management plan"

Indian Child Welfare (Ellen)

• Indian Boarding Schools • Miriam Report 1928-general study of Indian conditions including land allotment, education and health care. • Conditions "grossly inadequate" • Overcrowding, poor medical care, long work hours and insufficient food • Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 • What was the intent of the boarding school movement? • What was the effect of the boarding schools on Indian Children and Families? • An ironing class at the Carlisle, PA, Indian School, 1901.

Éducateur des Jeunes Enfants

• Is a social worker who specializes in work with young (Educator of children. The work on three levels: education, prevention, and coordination. In creating an Young Children) environment rich and motivating, they contribute to the awakening to and learning of social life. • To promote the education of a child, they offer a safe and stimulating environment. They create this universe, both with close family and stimulating environment. • This living space is divided according to the practiced activities (reading, games, rest, traction ...) and is home to a variety of media (books, dolls, bicycles ...). Its role is to stimulate intellectual, emotional and artistic potential of children across multiple fun and

risk principle

• Match level of services to level of risk • Prioritize supervision and treatment resources for higher risk clients • Higher risk clients need more intensive services • Low risk clients require little to no intervention

medication management (alan)

• Medications play several roles in treatment • Reduce cravings for substance use • Reduce pleasure associated with substance use • Reduce the discomfort associated with abstaining ("withdrawal") • Induce negative effects if someone drinks alcohol • Provide safer alternatives and slowly taper

bio-psycho-social model (alan)

• Most closely aligned with "person-in-environment" social work perspective • Integrates aspects of the other models • Applied discretionally across individuals

other treatment options (alan)

• Peer support groups • 12-Step (AA, NA, CA, CMA, etc.) • Self-Management And Recovery Training (SMART) • Family involvement • Psychotherapy • Al-Anon, Narc-anon • Pharmacology • Harm-Reduction

Types of Maltreatment

• Physical Abuse • Physical Neglect • Sexual Abuse • Emotional Abuse • Methamphetamine manufacture • Threatened abuse or neglect • Unborn child abuse

common social work roles (alan)

• Policy (macro level) • Screening/assessment • Motivational interventions • Cognitive and behavioral skills training • Medication management • Addressing contributing factors: trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship problems • Individual, group, and family modalities • Administration

disease model (alan)

• Primary illness vs. symptom of other condition • Addiction progresses through irreversible stages • Chronic and incurable, but manageable • Strong genetic component • Similar to an "allergy"

The First Juvenile Court (1899) (Ellen)

• Prior to 1899, children were either treated as adult criminals or nothing. • Jane Addams, Lucy Flower and Julia Lathrop • 1923 Children's Bureau publishes Juvenile Court Standards • 1927 First standardized Juvenile Court Statistics are collected • 1967 In re Gault decision- due process • 1996 Wisconsin split the Juvenile Justice Code from the Children's code • 2015 Juvenile Justice return to the Department of Children and Families

Access Screening

• Reason to believe abuse or neglect has occurred • Child is unsafe - likely to result in abuse or neglect in immediate future • Describe actions or behaviors that may have resulted in abuse or neglect • Describe injury or condition that may result from abuse or neglect • Child death by abuse or neglect and surviving child

challenges for SW in addiction treatment (alan)

• Repeat treatment attempts/relapse • Building motivation can be exhausting • Takes much focus • Avoiding the "righting reflex" • Client intoxication • Grief and loss • Assessing safety & duty to warn !Finding balance and making time for self care

treatment settings (alan)

• Residential: long term, >30 days, 24/7 • Day treatment: 5 days/wk for several weeks • Intensive Outpatient (IOP): 3-4 days/week, 3-4 hours/day • Outpatient: Weekly 1 hour sessions

psychological model (alan)

• Secondary to primary psychological problem -Childhood abuse -Economic stressors -Depression -Domestic violence • "Self-medication" • "Addictive personality" (multiple addictions)

theories of crime (marshall)

• Societal or macro-level theories study crime at a broad level of analysis and suggest that crime is purely as a result of social structure. (Poverty, Racism, Education) • Group and Socialization Influence Theories (mezzo) focus on criminal behavior and concentrate on the influence of the group (family, sociological perspective of group thinking. • Individual approaches study crime at an individual level. Individual characteristics are linked to biological and social influences.

internationally related

• Stay in your home country and work with internationally related issues • E.g.: Refugee resettlement, immigration issues

social work education

• Take a test called "Concours" which is oral and written • When passed, allows the person to apply for social work school • One opening for every 20 applicants • Students pay around $1000 or less per year • Three years to graduate with diploma • Not semester-long courses, could be two or three sessions of 3 hours

individualism (low context culture)

• Tendency to view self as independent. • Tendency for personal and familial/communal goals to be unaligned. • Tendency for social behaviors to be guided by personal attitudes, needs, rights, and contract. • Tendency for relationships to be guided by consideration of advantages and disadvantages of those relationships

Presidents panel on mental retardation (josh)

• The President's Panel on Mental Retardation was appointed by President Kennedy on October 17, 1961, with the mandate to prepare a "National Plan to Combat Mental Retardation." On October 16, 1962, the panel presented in its report to the President with recommendations concerning research and manpower, treatment and care, education and preparation for employment, legal protection and development of federal, state and local programs. • The overarching theme of the Panel's recommendations was future services and supports be provided "as close to possible" in community and family settings as opposed to large and remote institutions.

Challenges (Ellen)

• The field of Child Welfare is constantly changing • Social workers must keep up with changing demographics and changing family problems • Disparity is a challenge in Child Welfare- • Racial disparity and disproportionality is a complex issue which involves- History of Racial and Ethnic Groups, discrimination, deportation, bias, policies and systems, and poverty • Social Workers must use strategies to keep abreast of changes and rely on each other to help meet the needs of our clients

participant observation: "peopled ethnography"

• The researcher is expected to become integrated into the group under study so much so that s/he is seen as a member of the group and participates in the group's activities.

empowering families (alan)

• Treating the person with addiction is often the family's goal, but successful recovery requires change in the family system • Some social work roles: • Repair communication • Bring to light the fine line between "enabling" and support • Counsel affected family members

Change Agent Social Issue (Josh)

• What role can you play as a social worker • Advocacy • Research • Policy - Long term care supports, Federal policy • Relationships, case management, administration, More connection to community, community builders and organization • Today, 19 percent of Americans (56.7 million people) live with disabilities. (Whitehouse.gov)

What do Child Protective Services Social Workers do?

• Work with Families • Work with our Legal System • Work with Schools and other service providers • Investigate and Assess Child Abuse and Neglect • Interview kids • Help people with Mental Health issues and Substance Abuse issues and Parenting Challenges and Basic Needs. • Support Foster Parents • Work with Adoptive Parents

international policy development and advocacy

• You can stay here or go to another country but work on a global level to make policy • E.g.: working with the United Nations, working with social workers in other countries to make policy regarding human rights

professional exchange

• You go to another country and learn about that country's social work processes • Or, you invite someone from another country to come here to learn about ours and exchange • I will give you an example

international practice

• You go to another country to practice social work • E.g.: going to South America to work in rural communities

Misconceptions

•Disabilities are often used as plot points in media to forward the story line •Characters with disabilities tend to be one dimensional •Stereotypes •Object of Pity •Villain •Hero

recovery management plan (alan)

•Here are things I like to do: •Here are people I will contact for support: •My early warning signs before I use: •These are my most common stressors, and what I can do about them: •If I develop a strong urge to use, I will: •When I do use, I will immediately contact:

Causes and Correlations (ellen)

•Poverty •Domestic Violence •Family Stress •Mental Health •Substance abuse

reactive policy

● "Unfortunately, our research reveals that sex offender registration, community notification, and residency restriction laws are ill- considered, poorly crafted, and may cause more harm than good."

What is Stigma?

● "a sign or mark that designates the bearer as defective so meriting less valued treatment than 'normal' people" (Biernat & Dovidio, 2000 as cited in Serafini, et al., 2010) ● "The insidiousness of stigmatization is evidenced by the fact that virtually all of the individual's attributes come to be interpreted in light of the mark or flaw" (Goffman, 1963 as cited in Hinshaw, 2005) ● "not seen as possessing equal potential, status, rights, social responsibilities or social participation"

war on drugs

● 1980s: Reagan declares a War on Drugs ● Turned into a War on Drug Users ● Sharp increase in drug-related incarcerations and growth of the corrections industry ● Limited treatment opportunities in jails and prisons, leading to high rates of relapse and recidivism

macro view: policy

● Inextricable connection to mental health policy. ● Inextricable connection to criminal justice policy. ● Intertwined with population of the mentally ill.

Growth of WI minority populations

● 2010, 35% of U.S. population; 16.7% WI ● Growth from 2000-2010 ~ 39.1% growth in WI minority populations ~ 74.2% Latino population growth ~ 16.9% Black population growth ~ 15.5% Native American population growth ~ 45.5% Asian American population growth ~ 46% Hmong population growth ~ 1.2% Caucasian population growth

Hmong History

● 260,000 Hmong in the U.S. ● The Secret War ● The Promise ● 1975: first Hmong refugees arrive in U.S.

Wisconsin Cancer Disparities

● American Indian men more likely diagnosed with colorectal cancer than any group ● Asian American women have highest rates of cervical cancer of any group

controversial sentancing structure

● Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 and the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988. Among a number of provisions, these laws created a host of severe mandatory minimum sentencing laws for drug offenses. ● One significant piece of legislation related to the crack v. powder cocaine issue ● 100:1 severity ratio ● 90% of crack convictions involved minorities ● This disparity was reduced in 2010 with the Fair Sentencing Act (S. 1789)

prisonalization (institutionaztion) (nick)

● Anti-social learning ● Distrust of other ● Bitterness ● Violence ● Loss of support ● Distorted Identity ● Family cycles

Impact of Stigma

● Associated with increased mental health symptoms, poorer treatment adherence and reduced coping efforts ● Reduces self-esteem and self-efficacy ● Interpersonal Relationships ● Difficult developing and maintaining social relationships - problematic because support from peers and loved ones is crucial to managing symptoms and reducing severity ● Physical health ● Willingness to pay for mental versus physical health treatment reduced among third party payers as well as individuals with mental health conditions ● May be more comfortable receiving care for physical conditions than psychological ones ● Employment ● Needs may go largely unmet due to discrimination as well as internalized stigma ● Searching for employment, ability to function in the workplace ● Likely impacts insurance status and ability to seek care

sentancing and substance abuse

● Because of the repetitive and habitual nature of substance abuse and substance abuse- related crimes - truth-in-sentencing laws and repeat offender laws tend to hit hardest on drug-related offenders

intervention ideas (nick)

● Can be as diverse as the clinical needs: ● Mental Health ● Substance Abuse ● Offense Specific (sex offender, violence, etc.) ● Community preparedness ● Healthy Life style ● Parenting ● Etc.

challenges and oppurtunities: case management (nick)

● Case Planning within system ● Difficult environment to navigate under less stressful conditions ● Intellectual limitations (ability vs effort) ● Adjustment to sentencing and incarceration ● Assistance without creating dependence ● Staff issues and education (cultural and mental health) ● Mediate treatment and security

challenges and oppurtunities: crisis (nick)

● Crisis intervention ● Suicide ● Institutional Violence ● Critical Incident De-briefing

different meanings

● Disparity exists when similar offenders are sentenced differently or when different offenders receive the same sentence. It exists when judges impose different sentences on two offenders with identical criminal histories who are convicted of the same crime, when judges impose identical sentences on two offenders whose prior records and crimes are very different, or when the sentence depends on the judge who imposes it or the jurisdiction in which it is imposed. ● Discrimination exists when legally irrelevant characteristics of a defendant affect the sentence that is imposed after all legally relevant variables are taken into consideration.

Leader Recommendations

● Education materials needed ● Education instructors needed ● Education outreach

Mental health Recovery

● Emerged in the late 1980s from writings by people experiencing mental illness ● Emphasis on recovery from mental illness, rather than it being a "life sentence" ● Restoring of hope ● Overcoming profound traumas and losses ● Process of living a meaningful and satisfying life with mental illness ● Supported by better treatment interventions ● New generation of medications ● Innovative psychosocial and vocational rehabilitation interventions

SW and criminal justice: made for each other

● Ethics Preamble: The primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance human well​being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty. A historic and defining feature of social work is the profession's focus on individual well​being in a social context and the well​being of society. Fundamental to social work is attention to the environmental forces that create, contribute to, and address problems in living.

Purpose of Community Work

● Existing community efforts ● Community knowledge of efforts ● Leadership ● Community climate ● Community knowledge of cancer ● Resources available ● Cultural traditions and beliefs influencing attitudes & behaviors

challenges and opportunities: family (nick)

● Family ● Can be part of the solution or part of the problem ● Often distrusting of system ● Difficult to work into process (geographic constraints, lack of resources, etc.) ● Often have criminal histories

Community Resources

● Family, clan and support networks ● MAAs ● Local health departments ● Hmong cancer survivors ● Asian doctors, shamans & herbalists ● Local hospitals, clinics & providers ● Bilingual health workers ● Hmong Alliance Church

Types of Assessments conducted by forensic social workers Risk assessment? (nick)

● For sexual re-offense, any re-offense? ● Should he be able to return to work? Restrictions? Treatment planning? ● Readiness, need, likely responsiveness to treatment? Supervision planning? ● Likely compliance with supervision, victim access, living circumstances, interfering factors?

Human Services Sector

● Housing ● Employment ● Adult Criminal Justice ● Juvenile Justice ● Education (Schools) ● Religious Organizations

community (nick)

● Interaction with community ● Stigma ● Pathologizing culturally-based adaptations (inner city vs. rural) ● Fear ● Gathering Support ● Habituate - Prison tends to make good inmates, but not good citizens ● Discourage self-thought (considered resistant) ● Discourage self-direction (routines established) ● Distorted socialization (become familiar with the very people one needs to avoid and alienated from those more pro-social) ● Challenge trusting relationships (encouraged not to trust) ● Harsh experience with authority (vs. collaborative)

social issues in aging

● Lifelong social & economic marginalization resulted in higher risk for homelessness, isolation and poverty than heterosexual peers ● Disclosure same-sex relationships (nursing home wouldn't allow same room for partners) ● Informal & formal support systems (rely on community and family of choice) ● Advance care planning (legal docs, what will happen with treatment) ● Social Security spousal, survival and death benefits: ineligible if not married before -many elders stay in the closet

healthy and active

● Live longer ● Live more years in good health ● Live more active lives ● Life-Style Movement ● Four generation families common ● Even over age 85, most function and live independently

Review

● Mental health stigma is learned early ● Mental health stigma involves stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination ● Mental health stigma is a significant social problem contributing to reduced quality of life ● There is personal work as well as social action needed to reduce mental health stigma across settings

Mental Health Stigma as a a social problem

● Mental illness is a leading cause of disability in the United States SOCIAL PROBLEM ● Nearly half of American adults are likely to experience a mental disorder during their lifetime, ● This is a big deal! ● Direct correlation between mental illness and other chronic health conditions ● Higher healthcare costs ● Higher mortality rates ● Impacts parenting, occupational functioning, social functioning ● Predictor of mental health conditions in children is parents with mental illness ● Increased risk for attempted suicide, violent behavior ● Yet less than 25% of adults seek care for a mental health condition ● 75% either delay seeking treatment or do not seek it altogether ● WHY??? ● Stigma shown to be a leading cause

does correctional treatment work? (nick)

● Meta-analyses found treatment resulted in 20% reduction in recidivism ● Type of treatment substantially affects recidivism

challenges and oppurtunities: treatment (nick)

● More likely than general therapy populations to experience: ● Resistance/Reluctance ● Tenuous working alliance ● Inconsistent effort (externalized motivation) ● Instrumental emotion ● Need to dominate ● Reactive attachment ● Manipulation ● Boundary challenges

the need to reduce stigma

● Need to increase public awareness and acknowledgement of the pervasiveness of mental illness ● Need to increase public acceptance and appreciation of individuals with mental health conditions ● Respect ensures the inclusion and full participation of persons with mental health conditions in all aspects of their lives ● Need to protect of the rights of people with mental illness and eliminate discrimination ● Need to support belief in mental health recovery

Recovery- Oriented Systems of Care

● New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, 2003 ● Established by George W. Bush ● Led to 19 formal recommendations, with an emphasis transforming the mental health system to provide recovery-oriented services ● Concept of recovery as a key principal guiding mental health care ● Not just about symptom management ● Peer Support - people in recovery working as mental health professionals ● Recovery can include: ● Living independently

does punishment inhibit criminal activity?

● Principle: People engage in criminal acts because crime pays ● Therefore, to reduce crime, increase the costs of crime to the criminal ● However, if the type and severity of official punishment has any effect on recidivism, it appears that less is better than more

societal trend

● Racial Disparity in Prisons ● 2005 - approximately 1.5 million men in state and federal prisons ● 40% African American (~12%) ● 35% White (~72%) ● 20% Hispanic (~15%) ● More likely to be incarcerated for drugs ● African American 5.6 times more likely than white ● Hispanic 1.8 times more likely than white ● Lifetime projections to be sent to prison (using current patterns) ● 1 in 3 African American males born in 2001 ● 1 in 6 Hispanic males born in 2001 ● 1 in 17 White males born in 2001

Walking Forward

● Recognizing heterogeneity ● Breaking the cycle ● Honoring cultural values and beliefs ● Using CBPR

suicide

● Someone 65+ completes suicide every 90 minutes - about 16 deaths a day ● Elders account for 20% of all suicides ● Highest suicide rate 45 to 64 years old ● White males: 85+ 6 x national average ● Rate of suicide for 65+ is five times higher for men than women ● Firearms: males (78%); females (36%) ● 70% visited primary care physician the month before committing suicide

Stigma is Everywhere

● Specialty Mental Health Sector ● Outpatient clinics ● Inpatient programs ● General Medical and Primary Care Sector ● Emergency departments ● Hospitals ● Primary Care Clinics ● Human Services Sector ● Housing ● Employment ● Adult Criminal Justice ● Juvenile Justice ● Education (Schools) ● Religious Organizations

what is mental health stigma?

● Stereotyped attitudes ● "The mentally ill are dangerous" ● Prejudicial attitudes ● "I don't want a crazy person working with me" ● Acts of discrimination ● Employment ● Housing ● Relationships ● Care seeking

most effective treatment

● Targets higher-risk, not low-risk cases ● Criminogenic needs targeted (such as pro- criminal attitudes, not self-esteem) ● Use of treatment styles and modes that influence criminogenic needs and match learning styles of offenders (cognitive-behavioral and social learning approaches rather than non-directive, relationship-oriented) ● Recognition of risk, need and responsivity of offender

role of sw in corrections (nick)

● Treatment: Provide individual and group therapy ● Crisis intervention ● Release Planning ● Case Planning within system ● Interaction with community ● Family

effects on punishment on re-offending

● US has less than 5% of the world's population, but accounts for 25% of world's prison population ● 3% of US population is in jail/prison or on probation or parole ● Recent increase in variety and severity of incarceration and community sanctions, especially for sex offenders ● Overall "get tough on crime" attitude ● Historically, "get tough..." has meant intensifying "punishment" and reducing "treatment".

What can social workers do to reduce stigma?

● Understand the causes of stigmatizing attitudes ● Explore preexisting attitudes you might hold ● Educate yourself and others! ● Learn about mental illness ● Educational Interventions ● Stigma reduction training in the military ● Mental health education in schools ● Stigma Busting! ● Talk about it! ● Portraying mental health conditions as treatable conditions ● The Recovery Movement ● Unmasking the Stigma of Mental Illness

incarceration rates (women)

● Women age 35 - 39 1 in 335 White 1 in 297 Latina 1 in 100 African American

Language matters

●Person-first language ●Microaggressions ●"Everyday injustices" ●Making mistakes -it happens, apologize and move on and try not to make the mistake again -empathy-core skill of SW

Types of stigma

●Public stigma: large social groups endorsing stereotypes and acting against a stigmatized group (Corrigan, 2004) ● Self-stigma: loss of self-esteem as a result of internalized public stigma (Ben Zeev, 2010) ● Courtesy stigma: social disapproval of people associated with the stigmatized individual (family, friends) (Goffman, 1963) ● Applies to mental health workers ●Label avoidance: avoid seeking mental health services to avoid the related stigma

Engaging with Self- Advocates

●Self-Advocates have historically had a very powerful voice ●Ignoring voices of self- and family advocates lead to problematic policy ●Long-Term Care in Wisconsin (Family Care 2.0) ●Meaningful engagement

Mental Health Stigma is held by

●The public ●Health care providers ●Mental health care providers ●People with mental illness themselves