Sociology

Mead describes the active, creative, and spontaneous part of the self as the ________.

A) I

The Wall Street Journal has declared that the three greatest modern thinkers were ________, ________, and ________.

A) Karl Marx; Sigmund Freud; Albert Einstein

What did Robert E. Park, Ernest Burgess, and George Herbert Mead have in common?

A) They were among the first faculty members in the sociology department at the University of Chicago.

The first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University, who spent his lifetime studying race relations in America and was one of the founders of the NAACP, was ________.

A) W. E. B. Du Bois

Which of the following represents an achieved status?

A) being a high school drop-out

Karl Marx believed that ________ was the central force for social change, while Max Weber believed that ________ was the force most responsible for social change.

A) economics; religion

When Harry returned from a business meeting in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, his wife asked him what he thought of the Vietnamese people. Harry replied, "They're primitive people who eat animals from the streets, drive wildly around town on motor scooters, and talk very fast." Harry's reply best qualifies as an example of ________.

A) ethnocentrism

Cindy is interested in how the movement of Maytag production plants and other industries from the Midwest to Mexico has changed the lives of thousands of unemployed workers and their communities. Cindy is conducting a ________ analysis.

A) macro-level

Based on Durkheim's classification of society, the Old Order Amish would fall into which category?

A) mechanical solidarity

The scientific method requires ________, repeating a study in order to compare the new research results with the original findings.

A) replication

When young people enter college as resident students, they must learn new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors. This is an example of ________.

A) resocialization

When we communicate information about ourselves, we use the social setting, our appearance, and our manners to make impressions on others. Erving Goffman referred to these methods as ________.

A) sign-vehicles

According to Mead's theory of development, individuals who have a profound influence on the lives of another person, such as parents or siblings, are referred to as ________.

A) significant others

The French sociologist Emile Durkheim is most identified with which of the following areas of study?

A) social integration

Bumper stickers such as "Proud Parent of an Honor Student" and "Warning: This Driver Convicted of DUI" are best described as being ________.

A) status symbols

In psychoanalytic theory, the "culture within us" is represented by the ________.

A) superego

Of the following traits and abilities, which one would George Herbert Mead consider most essential for an individual to be a full-fledged member of society?

A) the ability to take the role of another

Clarisse and Cindy are honor students who conduct themselves in a mature manner at the Christian college they attend in Philadelphia. This year for spring break, they decided to go to Cancun, where they auditioned for the "Girls Gone Wild" video. Which statement best describes the probable reason behind the behavior of Clarisse and Cindy?

B) Clarisse and Cindy considered themselves on a moral holiday, which permitted them to "let their hair down."

Professor Zale bases her self-concept as a professor on the interactions she has with students and the reactions she receives from them during class. In view of this, which process is Professor Zale utilizing?

B) Cooley's looking-glass self

Officer Friel has just pulled over a motorist exceeding the speed limit by 40 miles per hour. When he approached the vehicle, he recognizes the driver as his best friend's daughter. Officer Friel is aware that the young lady has had some money problems and the last thing she can afford is a $200 speeding ticket that will also raise her insurance rates. At this point, which of the following terms best describes the position facing Officer Friel?

B) Officer Friel is experiencing role conflict.

If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences. This classic statement is known as the ________.

B) Thomas theorem

As a third grader, Henry is reading stories about the American Revolution and how the early Americans were willing to fight to gain their freedom. According to conflict theorists, Henry is not only learning to read, but is also absorbing lessons in patriotism and democracy. These lessons would be referred to by conflict theorists as ________.

B) a part of the hidden curriculum in U.S. schools

If Alice came to class wearing a soiled and torn blouse, she would be violating a ________. But if Alice came to class not wearing a blouse (or any other garment), she would be violating a ________.

B) folkway; more

Americans glorify academic progress and material success. However, most students do not graduate with honors and most citizens are not wealthy. This condition characterizes the difference between ________ and ________.

B) ideal culture; real culture

Anthropologists Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf concluded that ________.

B) language creates ways of thinking and perceiving

College provides a haven for several million potential workers who are classified as "students" rather than "unemployed," which helps stabilize the job market. This situation represents what Merton would describe as a ________.

B) latent dysfunction

According to Durkheim, when a society increases in size, its division of labor becomes more specialized. People begin to depend upon one another and become interdependent. This form of social cohesion was a concept that he termed ________.

B) organic solidarity

Bob's football coach is a very important influence in his life. Many of Bob's actions are attempts to win the approval of his coach. Mead would suggest that the coach is one of Bob's ________.

B) significant others

When sociologists' group people into categories based on their age, gender, educational level, job, and income, they are trying to determine ________.

B) social location

More than twenty years prior to the birth of Durkheim and Weber, Society in America, an analysis of American social customs, was published by sociologist ________.

C) Harriet Martineau

All of the following statements are accurate regarding language, EXCEPT for which one?

C) Language is universal in terms of the meaning of particular sounds.

What conclusion did psychologists Susan Goldberg and Michael Lewis make after observing the interactions of mothers and their children?

C) Mothers unconsciously rewarded their daughters for being dependent.

From a sociological perspective, which statement best classifies 19th century Mormons and 21st century physicians?

C) The Mormons would be classified a counterculture and the physicians as a subculture.

John and Doug are both full professors in a state university, holding doctorate degrees from Ivy League schools. Both make about the same salary and enjoy a similar sense of prestige in the community and on campus. Based only on this information, what do John and Doug have in common?

C) They are members of the same social class.

According to symbolic interactionists, the deciding factor that determines if change in society is good or bad requires ________.

C) a framework or context from which to view the meaning of the change

Dr. Zahn's academic interest is analyzing various aspects of society and publishing his findings in sociological journals. In view of this, Dr. Zahn is considered to be a(n) ________ sociologist.

C) basic (or pure)

Without language, human culture would ________.

C) be little more advanced than lower primates

According to Sigmund Freud, when the id gets out of hand, individuals follow their desires for pleasure and ________.

C) break society's norms

Within a few blocks in midtown Manhattan, you can purchase a bagel with cream cheese, a hot dog, a steak, a polish sausage, or a pizza, as well as chow mein, lamb curry, sushi, lasagna, falafels, chicken couscous, enchiladas, and a host of ethnic specialties. This range of culinary possibilities illustrates the process of ________.

C) cultural diffusion

Based on studies of isolated and institutionalized children, what is the key variable in acquiring the basic "human" traits we take for granted?

C) intimate early social interaction

All of the following represent one of the five functional requisites that every society must fulfill to survive EXCEPT for which one?

C) maintaining traditional gender relations

Tory is 5 years of age. He loves to dress up like Batman and pretend to save Gotham City from the Penguin. According to Mead's theory, he is in the ________ stage.

C) play

Receiving the Medal of Honor and making the Dean's List are both examples of ________.

C) positive sanctions

A face-saving technique in which all parties involved in an embarrassing situation ignore it and continue their conversation or interaction as though the embarrassing situation never happened is referred to as ________.

C) studied nonobservance

Every December, many Jewish families celebrate Chanukah, the "festival of lights," during which special foods are served, rituals are practiced, and traditional activities take place that are unique to this faith. In this context, members of the Jewish faith would represent which concept?

C) subculture

Conflict theorists would contend that changes in ________ explain the high divorce rates in the United States.

C) the male-female power relationship

What quality did Max Weber stress as being the hallmark of social research?

C) value neutrality

Lamont believes in democracy and equality, and when asked to describe himself he cites his appreciation for people of all races and ethnic heritages. But at the same time, Lamont believes women should not be in the armed services and he avoids taking courses from female professors. In view of this, which statement best describes Lamont?

D) Lamont is engaged in value contradiction.

Which sociological perspectives are best to use in developing an accurate understanding of society?

D) No single perspective is best, so all three must be utilized.

All of the following statements are accurate in describing gestures, EXCEPT for which one?

D) Social scientists have identified many common gestures and agree that gestures are universal.

Which of the following statements best describes how stereotypes affect our interaction with others when we first meet?

D) Stereotypes are the assumptions we make that can become self-fulfilling prophecies.

In America, why is Spanish, rather than English, continuously spoken from generation to generation, with greater commitment than any other non-English speaking language?

D) There is a constant influx of new Hispanic immigrants into the U.S.

Fred has just joined a fraternity. As part of his initiation, he has been forced to cook for the fraternity brothers, clean the frat house, and address the fraternity members as "sir." This is an example of what Harold Garfinkel termed ________.

D) a degradation ceremony

Theorists who would argue that the mass media represents the interests of society's political and economic elites would be most aligned with the ________ perspective.

D) conflict

Many fundamentalist Christians lobby for laws making same-sex marriage illegal. Gays and lesbians consider same-sex relationships and same-sex marriage as basic human rights. Which concept best describes the relationship between these fundamentalist Christians and the gay/lesbian community?

D) culture war due to conflicting values

Andrea is an aspiring associate editor for a major publisher. She is single but feels married to her work. Last year she received a $20,000 bonus for the excellent work she did in promoting new textbooks published by her employer. Based on this information, Andrea's ascribed status is ________ and her achieved status is ________.

D) female; associate editor

Anthony, a retired Army officer, is a professor of sociology at a small state university. During the Vietnam War, he was awarded the Medal of Honor and he usually wears a small ribbon on the lapel of his suit coat denoting this. He also wears his West Point ring from the class of 1965. Using the terminology of dramaturgy, the lapel pin and class ring would be classified as ________.

D) props

Because of his incredibly accelerated study program, Professor Zuchov has the unique privilege of being a 17-year-old university professor. Sociologically, this is an example of ________.

D) status inconsistency

Frank is the son of a middle-class family. He took the family car without permission last night, returning home at 3 AM with the smell of alcohol on his breath. It is most likely, based on the research of Kohn, that the next day Frank's parents will ________.

D) suspend Frank's driving privileges for a month and discuss with Frank the dangers of drinking and driving

John joined the military this year. When he arrived at boot camp he was immediately greeted with a degradation ceremony and came under total control of the officials. The military is an example of a(n) ________.

D) total institution