Sociology

What is meant by the idea of environmental justice?

Legal strategy based on claims that Environmental hazards often affect racial minorities and lower class

What does research demonstrate about the relationship between lower income and health?

Lower income are underserved, healthcare is around the wealthy

Which sociologist's analysis of bureaucrisee has been applied to schools in the U.S?

Max Weber

What is meant by the sociological process of medicalization?

Medicine is expanding, they can diagnose with more complex illnesses making a common people less likely to influence decision on it

What sociologist argued that nonmaterial culture typically responds to changes in material culture?

William F. Ogburn

What is meant by the idea of a glass ceiling?

"Invisible barrier" blocks promotion of qualified individual at work because of gender, race, or ethnicity

What is the main idea of Max Weber's "Protestant ethnic thesis"?

"Spirit of Capitalism" disciplined work ethic, worldly concerns, and rational orientation

What is meant by ethnocentrism?

Assume one's culture is the norm or superior to others

Which pattern of descent is most typical in the U.S?

Bilateral- both mom and dad sides are equal

What is meant by the field of demography and what topics does it study?

Demography is the study of population, it studies size, composition, and territorial distribution

What is meant by the concept of growth rate in demography?

Difference between birth and death plus difference between immigrants and emigrants

What is the best definition of family and what is meant by extended family?

Family is a set of people related by blood, marriage, or agreed-upon relationship or adoption. Extended family is when grandparent, aunt or uncles live in the same household as parents and their children

What are the main features of Capitalism as an economic system?

Government regulated private ownership and economy activity. Means of production are largely held in private hands

Which theorist believed that government officials and military leaders were essentially servants of the capitalist class and followed their wishes?

Karl Marx

What is meant by monogamy, serial monogamy, polyandry, and polygyny?

Monogamy is married to one person Serial monogamy is married to multiple people but one at a time Polygynyis a man with several wives Polyandry is a woman with several husbands

What is meant by sexism?

One sex is superior to the other

What is meant by the concept of social institution?

Organized patterns of beliefs and behavior that are centered on basic social needs

What did W.I. Thomas mean by the definition of the situation?

People shouldn't respond to objective features, instead focus on the meaning of the situation or what affect the person has on them

What did Max Weber mean by the concepts of authority and power?

Power is the ability to exercise one's will over others while authority is the power institutionalized and recognized by people whom it is exercised

What are the main characteristics of preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial cities?

Pre- only few thousands, closed class system, limited mobility Industrial- more open class, more mobility, more people Post- global finance and electronic flow of information dominate economy

What is the difference between discrimination and prejudice?

Prejudice is a negative attitude towards an entire group mainly because of race or ethnicity while discrimination is the denial because of some bias opinion

How does Socialist societies differ from Capitalist nations?

Production and distribution in society are collective rather than privately owned. (More equal society)

What is meant by the concept of gender roles, including the ideas of instrumental and expressive roles and how they are related to gender?

Proper behavior, attitude, & activities of male or females. Ex: women are likely expected to clean the house and take care of kids while men are out working

What is meant by the concept of the sick role?

Refers to societal expectation about attitudes and behavior of a person viewed as ill

What is meant in the study of social movements by the ideas of relative deprivation and resource mobilization?

Relative deprivation is when life isn't as good as you want it to be. Social movements arise because of them using resources to better their life which is resource mobilization

What are the main ideas in Thomas Robert Malthus's theory of population?

The population would beat the food supply production

What is meant by the term "sabotage" and where did it originate?

Sabotage means to purposely ruin something. It came from when angry workers in France threw their wooden shoes (sabots) into the machines

What is meant by ethnic group?

Set apart because of national origin or cultural patterns

What is meant by the concept of social change?

Significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and cultures

What did C. Wright Mills mean by the term "power elite" and which groups were members of it?

Small group of military, industrial, & government leaders who control fate of the U.S. power lies in their hands. Includes corporate rich, executive branch, military leaders

What is meant by the idea of "hidden curriculum" in education?

Standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly (indirect) in schools. Integrates people of different gender, race, and ethnicities

What is the best definition of health, according to the World Health Organizaton?

State of being in complete physical, social, and mental well-being

What is meant by the term human ecology and what does it study?

Study that is concerned with interrelationships between people and the spatial (space) settling and physical environment

What is meant by deindustrialization and what are its main features as a process of social change?

Systematic, widespread withdrawl of investment in basic aspects of productivity, such as factories and plants. May relocate because lower wages

What were the main ideas in the Robert Park and Ernest Burgess's theory of the city?

The center of the city is the business district. City grows from the center outward

What is meant by the idea of the "second shift" and who developed the concept?

The double burden. Work outside the home, followed by house work. Developed by Arlie Hochschild

What did Max Weber mean by the ideas of charismatic, traditional, and legal-rational authority?

Traditional- accepted because it has always been done Rational-legal- written law, agreed government positions Charismatic- power by personal or emotional appeal

How did Emilie Durkheim define religion?

Unified system of beliefs and practices relative to a scared thing

What is meant by stereotype?

Unreliable generalization about all members in a group, doesn't recognize them individually

What are the main ideas of the pluralist model of power relations in the U.S?

Various groups play a role in decision making. (No single dominant group)