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Sociology

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Gender stratification in the United States can be understood as men occupying a dominant group status and women understood as a minority group. For example, before _________, when the Equal Pay Act was passed (national law), women were not guaranteed equal pay for equal work.

1963

Which of the following is an example of wealth, and not income?

5-bedroom house

Which of the following is an example of income, and not wealth?

salary from job

To uphold the social order, societies establish a system of social control by applying _________ as a means for enforcing the norms.

sanctions

During the 1930s and 1940s, as part of the Nazi regime in Germany, Adolf Hitler blamed the Jewish community for the country's economic and social problems. This is a good example of the insights from ________ theory.

scapegoat

segregation

Which of the following is NOT one of the key categories used in the world systems approach to analyzing global inequality between nations?

third world nations

Which of the following concepts refers to a type of prejudice in which someone believes one type of skin tone is superior or inferior to another within a race-ethnic group?

colorism

In considering the debate over net neutrality, which of the following sociological paradigms (theoretical perspectives) might argue: "The creation of "fast lanes" and "slow lanes" for Internet access would lead to discrimination and would allow bigger corporations, such as Amazon, to pay Internet providers a premium for faster service, which could lead to gaining an advantage that would drive small, local competitors out of business."

conflict theory

Which of the following is a system of stratification that is characterized as a "open" system, where social mobility across different rankings is possible?

class

Which of the following is a system of stratification that is the type we see in the United States and nearly every other advanced, industrialized country?

class

Which of the following categories of formal organizations is characterized by members that are pushed or required to join? An example is a prison or rehabilitation center.

coercive organizations

Cheri and Mark are a couple in a committed relationship who share a home but are unmarried. This is an example of ______________.

cohabitation

Which of the following institutional agents of socialization would NOT be considered part of the mass media?

college professors

Which of the major paradigms within sociology is most closely associated with the following?: "Social stratification benefits only some people, not all of society."

conflict perspective

The type and quality of sanctions are an important part of a society's social control system. Sanctions can be formal or informal, and positive or negative. Which type of sanction is the following example? Professor Mulling getting a speeding ticket on I-294.

formal, negative

formal, positive

The type and quality of sanctions are an important part of a society's social control system. Sanctions can be formal or informal, and positive or negative. Which type of sanction is the following example? The 2016 Cleveland Cavaliers winning the NBA Championship and the first sports championship for the city of Cleveland since 1964.

formal, positive

Sociologists use a precise definition for a social group: any collection of two or more people who interact with some frequency and who share some sense of aligned (common) identity. For sociologists, groups are different from an aggregate or a category. Which of the following is a group, and not an aggregate or category?

friends getting together every weekend to watch the Chicago White Sox baseball team.

Match the following example with the category of crime that it is most closely associated with: Murders of Brandon Teena and Matthew Shepherd, members of LGBTQ community

hate crime

Which of the following theories of deviance argues that all of us violate norms from time to time, but few people would consider themselves deviant? Those who do, however, have often been stigmatized as "deviant" by society and have gradually come to believe it themselves. This theory helps us to understand how primary deviance can lead to secondary deviance.

labeling theory

Which of the following theories of deviance argues that self-restraint is directly affected by the strength of social bonds that an individual has and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society? Individuals who believe they are a part of society are less likely to commit crimes against society.

labeling theory

Which of the following is an example of secondary aging?

lack of physical exercise

Which of the following leadership styles may work well with highly motivated and mature participants but also has the risk of the group not making progress?

laissez-faire

Which of the following leadership styles uses a "hands-off" approach in allowing group members to self-manage and make their own decisions?

laissez-faire

Match the following example with the three life-stage subgroups of the older adult population: Hazel is a beautiful woman in her late 70s. She remembers as a child the end of World War II and the amazing rise of the United States as a superpower.

middle-old

Match the following example with the key concept below: Dorothy and Howard are both members of a race-ethnic group that includes the largest number of people of any race-ethnic groups in country X. However, their group still faces prejudice and discrimination from the most powerful group in country X.

minority group

Which of the following concepts refers to a group of people who, because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the others in the society in which they live for differential and unequal treatment, and who therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination?

minority group

Which of the following theoretical perspectives on aging is associated with conflict theory and is linked to the idea that as long as the extended family is the standard family, as in preindustrial economies, elders will have a place in society and a clearly defined role ... however, as societies advance, the elderly, unable to work outside of the home, have less to offer economically and are more likely to be seen as a burden?

modernization theory

Match the following definition to the concepts below: When someone is married to only one person at a time.

monogamy

Tiger Woods is a good example of the _______ identities that an increasing number of people in the U.S. identity with.

multiple

As presented in Table 13.2, which type of abuse is associated with the following signs and symptoms?: Poor hygiene, untreated bed sores, dehydration, soiled bedding

neglect

With regards to technological inequality, which of the following refers to the principle that all Internet data should be treated equally by Internet service providers? This issue is part of the national debate about Internet access and technological inequality.

net neutrality

Which of the following categories of formal organizations is characterized by shared interests and voluntary membership? This category is also known as voluntary organizations.

normative organizations

Match the following example to the concepts below: This two-parent family structure is known as a ___________, referring to married parents and children as the core of the group.

nuclear family

Match the following example with the category of crime that it is most closely associated with: Prostitution

victimless crime

Match the following example with the category of crime that it is most closely associated with: Rape

violent crime

Of the following institutional agents of socialization, which one is linked to the experience of resocialization in conjunction with their career?

workplace

In a __________ society, it is assumed that sexual orientation is biologically determined and unambiguous.

heteronormative

The concept of ________ refers to an ideology and a set of institutional practices that privilege heterosexuals and heterosexuality over other sexual orientations. Much like racism and sexism, it is a systematic disadvantage embedded in our social institutions, offering power to those who conform to the dominant group's sexual orientation while simultaneously disadvantaging those who do not.

heterosexism

Which of the following concepts refers to the informal teaching done by schools?

hidden curriculum

Which of the following characteristics of bureaucracies, as described by Max Weber, refers to one individual (or office) in charge of another individual(s) but who must also follow the decisions of their superior?

hierarchy of authority

Research presented in our e-textbook suggests that different news outlets all tell the same stories, using the same sources, resulting in the same message, presented with only slight variations. This is referred to as the _________ of our news.

homogenization

The GINI coefficient is a widely used statistic that measures __________ between countries.

income inequality

List the following inventions in the order of their history, from oldest to newest. __4__Internet__1__(2)telegraph__3__television__2__(1)printing press

(4) Internet (2) telegraph (3) television (1) printing press

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, in her book, On Death and Dying (1969), identified five stages that, typically, go through as part of the dying process. Place the following in the correct order, as understood by Kubler-Ross.

(4) depression (1) denial (2) anger (3) bargaining (5) acceptance

Gender stratification in the United States can be understood as men occupying a dominant group status and women understood as a minority group. For example, before the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified in _________, women were not guaranteed the right to vote.

1920

Gender stratification in the United States can be understood as men occupying a dominant group status and women understood as a minority group. For example, before _________, women were not allowed to own or control property.

1840

Which of the following countries is NOT part of the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region?

Afghanistan

Of the five categories of race-ethnic groups in the United States (discussed in our e-textbook), which is most closely linked to the following?: Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965

African Americans

What do Eric Garner, Breonna Taylor and George Floyd have in common?

All three have been killed by police officers under circumstances that reflect systemic racism in the criminal justice system.

Which of the following is a FALSE statement with regards to the cross-national research on sexual attitudes and practices?

Although sexual attitudes vary from one society to another, sexual attitudes within any one society rarely differ.

According to the article, "Conforming to Expectations," in our e-textbook, which of the following was NOT a finding of the Asch and Milgram research studies?

Asch concluded that one of the causes for conformity is that they believe the group is less informed than they are.

Although Japan and Korea have strong economies, the concentration of poverty in highly populated countries such as India and China results in ______ having the majority of low-income people.

Asia

The April 24, 2013 collapse of the Rana Plaza in the city of Dhaka, _________, killed over 1,100 people and was the deadliest garment factory accident in history.

Bangladesh

According to the article on Millennials in our e-textbook, the _________ Generation refers to those young adults who return to live with their parents after college graduation, often due to a lack of financial independence.

Boomerang

According to the data and discussion on divorce in our e-textbook, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Children of divorced parents are less likely to divorce after they get married.

Which of the following is a TRUE statement with regards to sex education in the United States?

Comprehensive sex education is not required in all public school curricula in the United States.

With regards to sociological theories on self-development, which of the following is associated with the concept of the looking-glass self? This concept refers to how our self-image is a reflection of how we think other people see or view us.

Cooley

_________ is a situation in which the poor pledge themselves as servants in exchange for the cost of basic necessities like transportation, room, and board. In this scenario, people are paid less than they are charged for room and board. When travel out of the country is required, they can arrive in debt for their travel expenses and become unable to work their way free, since their wages do not allow them to ever get ahead.

Debt bondage

_________ theory argues that global inequity is due to the exploitation of peripheral and semi-peripheral nations by core nations.

Dependency

Which of the following is a TRUE statement, with regards to the role of the mass media in gender socialization?

Research indicates that in the ten top-grossing G-rated movies released between 1991 and 2013, nine out of ten characters were male.

With regards to psychological theories on self-development, which of the following focused on childhood cognitive development? He recognized that the development of self evolved through a negotiation between the world as it exists in one's mind and the world that exists as it is experienced socially.

Erikson

With regards to psychological theories on self-development, which of the following identified eight stages of personality development that we go through during our lifetime? These stages reflect a negotiation between our own base desires and what is socially accepted.

Erikson

Using the World Bank classifications, which of the following countries falls within the low-income nations category?

Ethiopia

Academic organizations like the American Sociological Association are in agreement that understanding "race" as socially constructed is not the best way of making sense of the concept of race; instead, most argue that the simplest way to understand race is through a biological definition, focusing on physical characteristics.

False

In a class system, high status consistency correlates with having more choices and opportunities, whereas in a caste system, low status consistency correlates with fewer opportunities.

False

In which country did apartheid used to exist? This system of racial stratification was led by a numerical minority white community who held a more powerful position than the numerical majority black community.

South Africa

Which of the following statements is FALSE, regarding the story about Chris Langan inside our e-textbook, "The Life of Chris Langan, the Smartest Man You've Never Heard Of," and its implications for understanding the power and significance of socialization?

From a sociological point of view, Chris's life was a product of "nature," not "nurture."

Research conducted by __________ found that all societies classify work by gender. However, the same task is not assigned to either men or women worldwide. One significant finding was the way each task's associated gender was valued. The research results on the division of labor among 324 societies around the world found that the jobs assigned to men were given greater prestige. In short, men's work was valued higher than women's work, even though what was considered men's work or women's work varied across different societies.

G. Murdock

Which of the following refers to a condition of people whose gender at birth is contrary to the one they identify with?

Gender Dysphoria

_____________ is a field of science that seeks to understand the process of aging and the challenges encountered as seniors grow older. Researchers study what it is like to be an older adult in a society and the ways that aging affects members of a society.

Gerontology

With regards to sociological theories on self-development, which of the following is associated with research demonstrating that boys and girls have different understandings of morality? She argued that boys tend to have a justice perspective, by placing emphasis on rules and laws. Girls, on the other hand, have a care and responsibility perspective; they consider people's reasons behind behavior that seems morally wrong.

Gilligan

Of the five categories of race-ethnic groups in the United States (discussed in our e-textbook), which is most closely linked to the following?: Operation Wetback

Hispanic Americans

_________ is a situation in which people are moved away from their communities and forced to work against their will, e.g., sex slave industry.

Human trafficking

Who is associated with the world systems approach to understanding global stratification?

I. Wallerstein

According to the discussion in our e-textbook, which of the following is NOT one of likely consequences of the baby boomers?

In 2030, about 50% of the baby boom generation will be age 65 or older.

Which of the following statements is FALSE, with regards to gender and socialization?

In a research study of teacher responses to male and female students, data indicated that teachers praised female students far more than male students. Teachers interrupted boys more often and gave girls more opportunities to expand on their ideas (Sadker and Sadker 1994).

According to the discussion on intimate partner violence in our e-textbook, which of the following statements is FALSE?

In terms of a reason abuse is unreported, a higher percentage of females than males consider it a private matter.

Which of the following is a key point made in the article, "Controversial Textbooks," inside our e-textbook?

Japanese textbooks gloss over the difficult experiences that Koreans faced during the time in which Korea was a colony of Japan.

With regards to sociological theories on self-development, which of the following is associated with three levels of moral development, including the "conventional" stage, which is when children (during the teenage years) become increasingly aware of others' feelings and take those into consideration when determining what's "good" and "bad."

Kohlberg

With respect to the story about Jarrett at the beginning of the chapter, which of the following is a FALSE statement.

Like Jarrett, most first-generation college students complete a college degree.

Which of the following is a FALSE statement, with regards to gender-specific impacts from aging in U.S. society?

Mass-media portrayals often depict elderly males in terms of negative stereotypes and as less successful than older women

With regards to sociological theories on self-development, which of the following is associated with the concept of the generalized other? This concept refers to the common behavioral expectations of society in general, and it represents the fourth and final stage of self-development.

Mead

Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the "graying" of the United States?

Men have a longer life expectancy than women

Using the World Bank classifications, which of the following countries falls within the middle-income nations category?

Mexico

According to "The Evolution of Television Families" in our e-textbook, which television show follows an extended family that includes a divorced and remarried father with one stepchild, and his biological adult children—one of who is in a traditional two-parent household, and the other who is a gay man in a committed relationship raising an adopted daughter?

Modern Family

_________ theory argues that low-income countries can improve their global economic standing by industrialization of infrastructure and a shift in cultural attitudes towards work.

Modernization

According to the data and discussion on staying single in our e-textbook, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Most single women older than thirty-five years old report feeling insecure and unhappy with their unmarried status.

Due to the large number of unreported crimes not reflected in the data from the Uniform Crime Reports, the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics provides a self-report study that is a collection of data gathered using voluntary response methods, such as questionnaires or telephone interviews. The corresponding annual report is called the __________.

National Crime Victimization Report

Of the five categories of race-ethnic groups in the United States (discussed in our e-textbook), which is most closely linked to the following?: current controversy over names for college and professional sports teams, e.g., Washington's NFL football team; Cleveland Indians (Guardians) baseball team

Native Americans

Which of the following statements is FALSE, with regards to feminism and the feminist movement?

None of the above are FALSE statements

According to data and research findings presented in our e-textbook, which of the following statements is FALSE with respect to cell phone usage?

People report that cell phones make it harder to stay in touch, simplify planning and scheduling their daily activities, and increase their productivity.

Which of the following is a FALSE statement with regards to social gerontology?

Researchers believe industrialization and modernization have contributed greatly to raising the power, influence, and prestige of the elderly

Which society/culture uses the term, Fa'afafine, which translates as "the way of the woman," to describe individuals who are born biologically male but embody both masculine and feminine traits?

Samoa

According to the discussion on child abuse in our e-textbook, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Shaken-baby syndrome refers to a group of medical symptoms such as brain swelling and retinal hemorrhage resulting from forcefully shaking or causing impact to an infant's head.

Which of the following statements is FALSE, regarding gender stratification (gender inequality)?

Since the 1970s, the number in women in the federal government has not increased

Which of the following statements about deviance is FALSE? (Therefore, the other three statements are TRUE.)

Some crimes are not deviant, but all deviant behavior is criminal.

As discussed in our e-textbook, in which country are stay-at-home fathers an accepted part of the social landscape? This country's government policy provides subsidized time off work—480 days for families with newborns—with the option of the paid leave being shared between mothers and fathers.

Sweden

Which of the following statements is FALSE, with regards to the impact from the Industrial Revolution on global inequality?

The Industrial Revolution reduced the inequalities between wealthy countries and poorer countries.

Which of the following statements is TRUE, with respect to theories of global inequality?

The book, Factory Girls: From Village to City in Changing China, by Leslie T. Chang, takes a symbolic interactionist approach.

Which of the following is a TRUE statement with regards to studying aging populations?

The elderly (65+ years old) as a proportion of the U.S. population, is projected to grow at least through the year 2050.

What is the main observation of the online group of female writers, as described in the article, "Best Friends She's Never Met," (see article in our e-textbook)?

The female writers started as a secondary group and evolved into a primary group.

According to the discussion on remarriage in our e-textbook, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The majority of divorces come out of high-conflict homes, and children from those homes are more negatively impacted by the stress of the divorce than low-conflict homes

According to the data and discussion on cohabitation in our e-textbook, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The median age for marriage is the highest it has ever been since the U.S. Census kept records—age 22 for women and age 25 for men

Regarding the article in our e-textbook, "Sociology or Psychology: What's the Difference?" which of the following statements is FALSE?

The psychological perspective is more likely to focus on the cultural norms and how these norms shape patterns of human behavior when it comes to expressing emotions, whereas the sociological perspective is more likely to examine the mental processing of human emotions.

The concept of racial profiling refers to the use by law enforcement of race alone to determine whether to stop and detain someone. As discussed in our e-textbook, the neighborhood watch program coordinator in Samford, Florida, George Zimmerman (not an official police officer), used/misused this approach in confronting and eventually killing __________.

Trayvon Martin

Class traits, also called class markers, are the typical behaviors, customs, and norms that define each class. For example, middle and lower classes are more likely to enjoy camping, fishing, or hunting, shopping at large retailers, and participating in community activities.

True

Global stratification compares the wealth, economic stability, status, and power of countries across the world. Global stratification also highlights worldwide patterns of social inequality.

True

Jerry Newman, a business professor who went undercover as a fast food worker, in his book, My Secret Life on the McJob, found that employees were honest and hardworking, management was often impressive, and the jobs required a lot more skill than most people

True

New media encompasses all interactive forms of information exchange. These include social networking sites, blogs, podcasts, wikis, and virtual worlds

True

One of the negative consequences of the in-group, out-group dynamic is the possibility of groups expressing ethnocentrism, racism or sexism, i.e., seeing their own group as superior to the other group.

True

Racial profiling, racial steering, and redlining are all forms of institutionalized racism.

True

Sexism refers to prejudiced beliefs that value one sex over another.

True

Socialization is not the same as socializing.

True

Throughout the world, those born into poverty conditions are incredibly challenged in their efforts to break out since these consequences of poverty are also causes of poverty, perpetuating a cycle of disadvantage.

True

Using the World Bank classifications, which of the following regions or group of countries within the world falls within the high-income nations category?

U.S., Canada, Japan

According to the data and discussion on same-sex couples in our e-textbook, which of the following statements is FALSE?

When it comes to average age and average annual household income, same-sex couples have a much lower age and much lower household income than opposite-sex couples

Which of the following is a FALSE statement, with regards to the Davis-Moore thesis?

Whereas Marx would have disagreed with their argument, Tumin was in full agreement.

Which of the following concepts refers to the benefits people receive simply by being part of the dominant group in the United States and most European countries?

White privilege

According to the discussion in our e-textbook, Chapter 5.2, "Why Socialization Matters, which of the following is a FALSE statement?

Without socialization, we will genetically develop a clear sense of self

Sumalee is a twelve-year-old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless, and often does not know where she will sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Sumalee lives in _________ .

absolute poverty

Match the following definitions with the key concepts below: __________ refers to discrimination (when someone acts on a prejudice) based on age.

ageism

According to the article, "Sweatshops and Student Protests: Who's Making Your Team Spirit?" the __________ industry is the focus of the United Students Against Sweatshop movement and the Worker Rights Consortium.

apparel and garment (clothing)

Match the following definition to the concepts below: Illegal in the U.S., the refers to the act of entering into marriage while still married to another person.

bigamy

In tracing one's lineage (ancestry), which type of descent is most common in the U.S.?

bilateral descent

Of the three major sociological perspectives on social groups, which one is most closely aligned with the following interpretation of the MeToo Movement? "How are the macro-level social forces of patriarchy and institutionalized sexism reflected in the MeToo Movement? What impact has the movement had on reducing the level of sexual assault and harassment as forms of gender inequality?"

conflict perspective

Of the three major sociological perspectives on social groups, which one is most closely aligned with the following interpretation of the Tea Party Movement? "How does the Tea Party Movement represent a symptom of the increasing inequality of wealth and income in the United States? What will the impact of the Tea Party be on that class-based inequality?"

conflict perspective

Which of the major paradigms within sociology is most closely associated with the following?: "Capitalists own the means of production, and a system is in place to make business owners rich and keep workers poor."

conflict perspective

With respect to the theoretical perspectives on race and ethnicity, which of the following theoretical perspectives is most closely associated with the example below: U.S. history is full of examples of struggles between the White ruling class and race-ethnic minority groups, with conflicts reflecting the interests of the dominant group versus the the struggle for equality among oppressed groups.

conflict theory

Group _________ refers to the extent in which a group member complies with group norms and expectations. This is an important component of group dynamics.

conformity

Match the following nation with the three categories from the world systems approach to analyzing global inequality between nations. United States

core nations

Which of the following concepts refers to a process by which new members of a total institution lose aspects of their old identities and are given new ones?

degradation ceremony

Many cities in the Midwest, a region in the United States often referred to as the "Rust Belt," have experienced ________, which is one of the key effects of capital flight and jobs moving to other countries.

deindustrialization

Which of the following theoretical perspectives on aging is associated with conflict theory and is linked to the rational choice idea that, as we age, we experience an increased dependence on others and must increasingly submit to the will of others because we have fewer ways of compelling others to submit to us?

exchange theory

Since the early days of sociology, scholars have developed theories that attempt to explain what deviance and crime mean to society. Of the three major paradigms in sociology, which is associated with the following example? Robert Merton's strain theory, which explains that an individual's access to socially acceptable goals plays a part in whether that person conforms to the norm/law or deviates from the norm/law.

functionalism

Which of the major paradigms within sociology is most closely associated with the following?: Davis-Moore thesis

functionalism

The type and quality of sanctions are an important part of a society's social control system. Sanctions can be formal or informal, and positive or negative. Which type of sanction is the following example? A parent receiving nasty looks from other parents for arguing with the umpire at a t-ball game.

informal, negative

The type and quality of sanctions are an important part of a society's social control system. Sanctions can be formal or informal, and positive or negative. Which type of sanction is the following example? A couple sharing a goodnight kiss at the end of their first date.

informal, positive

Erik Erikson identified 8 phases to the life span. In the last stage, old age, the challenge is to embrace ______________.

integrity over despair

Of the following institutional agents of socialization, which one is linked to the article in our e-textbook, "Girls and Movies"?

mass media

In tracing one's lineage (ancestry), which type of descent is common in the Cherokee and Crow tribes (Native American tribes)?

matrilineal descent

Which of the following is an ideal system based on the belief that social stratification is the result of personal effort that determines social standing.

meritocracy

Match the following example to the concepts below: The purple person says to himself, "I really do like green people .. they are just too proud of their bright color and, frankly, are as dumb as grass."

prejudice

primary group

William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer are associated with which of the following types of media and technology?

print newspapers

Gross domestic product (GDP) indicates a country's __________.

productivity and performance

Which of the following theoretical perspectives on aging is associated with symbolic interactionism and the idea our energy diminishes as we age, and we make decisions about personal goals to get the most out of the effort we put into activities, which in turn makes up for the loss of a wider range of goals and activities?

selective optimization with compensation theory

Match the following nation with the three categories from the world systems approach to analyzing global inequality between nations. Mexico

semi-peripheral nations

The concept of _________ refers to a set of people who share similar status with regard to factors like wealth, income, education, and occupation.

social class (or "class")

Which of the following concepts refers to a society's way of regulating and enforcing norms?

social control

The concept of _________ refers to the ability to change positions within a social stratification system. When people improve or diminish their economic status in a way that affects social class, they experience this.

social mobility

Which of the following concepts refers to a society's customary social arrangements, based on the norms, practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives?

social order

The concept of _________ refers to a society's classification of its people into rankings of socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth, income, power, prestige, race-ethnicity, gender, age and disability.

social stratification

A person's or family's ___________ refers to the level of wealth and resources available to a certain socioeconomic class in order to acquire the material necessities and comforts to maintain its lifestyle. This is closely related to quality of life.

standard of living

Looking at the multiple kinds of social mobility, which of the five below refers to a situation in which societal changes enable a whole group of people to move up or down the social class ladder. For example, the 2020-21 pandemic in addition to the outsourcing of jobs overseas in the past 2-3 decades have contributed to a decline of the middle class and more barriers to social mobility for the lower class.

structural mobility

symbolic interactionism

Which of the following three major theoretical paradigms in sociology would most likely examine the process of socialization by focusing on how socialization shapes face-to-face communication and how we interpret cultural symbols and meanings, e.g., gender roles and symbols?

symbolic interactionism

Which of the three major paradigms (theoretical perspectives) in sociology is most closely associated with the following approach to understanding global inequality? Global inequality evokes different definitions of poverty, with people in core countries defining poverty differently than people in peripheral nations.

symbolic interactionism

Which of the major paradigms within sociology is most closely associated with the following?: "Because of social stratification, people tend to live, work, and associate with others like themselves, people who share their same income level, educational background, or racial background, and even tastes in food, music, and clothing."

symbolic interactionsim

Which of the major paradigms within sociology is most closely associated with the following?: "People often engage in conspicuous consumption, which is the purchase and use of certain products to make a social statement about status."

symbolic interactionsim

Those who see technology as symbolizing the potential for a brighter future are called ___________.

technophiles

Match the following definitions with the key concepts below: __________ refers to the systematic study of death and dying.

thanatology

What do the driver of an unlicensed hack cab in New York, a piecework seamstress working from her home in Mumbai, and a street tortilla vendor in Mexico City have in common? They are all members of the _____________, a loosely defined unregulated market unhindered by taxes, government permits, or human protections. Official statistics before the worldwide recession posit that the people working in this situation accounted for over 50 percent of non-agricultural work in Latin America; the figure went as high as 80 percent in parts of Asia and Africa.

underground economy

Looking at the multiple kinds of social mobility, which of the five below is exemplified by a movement from the working class to the upper middle class?

upward mobility

Which of the following categories of formal organizations is characterized by members that join with the expectation of getting something in return (tangible benefit) and membership has a contractual basis? An example is a workplace.

utilitarian organizations

The U.S. Patent Office receives patent applications for nearly all major innovations worldwide. This regulatory body patents the following three types of innovation. Which one is granted for the invention or discovery of any new and useful process, product, or machine, or for a significant improvement to existing technologies?

utility patents

Match the following example with the category of crime that it is most closely associated with: College freshmen drinking beer at a frat party

victimless crime

Although the terminology has changed since the end of the Cold War, which of the concepts below is most accurately linked to the country of Japan?

first world

According to 2017 data, ___ percent of children under seventeen years old live in a single parent household.

According to survey data collected in 2010 (see section in our e-textbook on Challenges Families Face, page 411-12), which of the following is FALSE?

Sociologists argue that changing attitudes about the general concept of family are less diverse and more structured than in years past.

Who is Chris Langan?

Someone who has a 195 IQ but didn't possess the set of social skills necessary to succeed on such a high level—skills that aren't innate but learned

Of the types of sexual orientation below, which one is most closely associated with the following example?: Asha has found herself to be attracted to both men and women at different points in her life. As a high school student, she dated several boys and enjoyed that experience; however, in college, she has explored sexual relationships with other women. Asha does not feel comfortable with the labels of "gay" and "straight."

bisexuality

Which of the following theoretical perspectives on aging is associated with the functionalist paradigm and is linked to the idea that the more engaged and involved with life an elderly person is, the happier they will be?

activity theory

Which of the following theoretical perspectives on aging is associated with conflict theory and is linked to the idea that because age serves as a basis of social control, different age groups will have varying access to social resources such as political and economic power? In the U.S., given the ageism that exists, the elderly face prejudice and discrimination as a result of this power differential.

age stratification theory

According to the discussion in our e-textbook, which of the following was NOT one of the reasons for the falling elderly poverty rate from 1960-present?

ageism opened the doors to economic opportunity

People who exist in the same place at the same time but who do not interact or share a sense of identity are called a(n) _____________.

aggregate

As introduced and explained in our e-textbook, there are several different forms of intergroup relations (i.e., race-ethnic group relations) that can characterize a society. Which is most closely linked to the following example?: "melting pot" relationship among race-ethnic groups, where the various groups combine to form an entirely new culture; although this metaphor is often used to describe U.S. history, the realities of U.S. history demonstrate other forms are more common

amalgamation

When multinational corporations like Nike or Apple move their manufacturing investments out of the U.S. and into other countries like Vietnam or China in order to take advantage of lower costs for labor, this is called _____________.

capital flight

Which of the following is a system of stratification associated with traditional Hindu society in the country of India?

caste

Which of the following concepts refers to the process in which adults prepare for future life roles? An example would be a nursing student at PSC who, along with reading about nursing and completing clinicals, prepares for the nursing profession by increasingly taking on the values and norms shared by the nursing subculture.

anticipatory socialization

Which of the following was the most frequently reported health issue by people 65 years and older?

arthritis

Of the types of sexual orientation below, which one is most closely associated with the following example?: Terry has no physical attraction to women or men. S/he has considered adopting a child but wants to do so after establishing a solid career.

asexuality

As introduced and explained in our e-textbook, there are several different forms of intergroup relations (i.e., race-ethnic group relations) that can characterize a society. Which is most closely linked to the following example?: subordinate race-ethnic groups give up their own traditions in order to conform to the cultural values and norms of their new environment

assimilation

Which of the following leadership styles is often good at accomplishing goals but carries the risk of group members becoming alienated?

authoritarian

Which of the following is a system of stratification that is characterized as a "closed" system, where social mobility is absent or very, very limited?

caste

Since the early days of sociology, scholars have developed theories that attempt to explain what deviance and crime mean to society. Of the three major paradigms in sociology, which is associated with the following example? C. Wright Mills's observation that the laws and rules of society are stacked in favor of a privileged few who manipulate them to stay on top. According to Mills, It is these people who decide what is criminal and what is not, and the effects are often felt most by those who have little power.

conflict theory

Which of the following three major theoretical paradigms in sociology would most likely examine the process of socialization by focusing on how socialization perpetuates race, gender and social class inequalities from one generation to the next?

conflict theory

Which of the three major paradigms (theoretical perspectives) in sociology is most closely associated with the following approach to understanding global inequality? Global inequality exists in part because multinational corporations from the advanced, industrialized nations take advantage of low wage workers in less developed countries.

conflict theory

With regards to marriage and the family, which of the three major sociological paradigms is most closely associated to the following example?: Research focuses on areas of marriage and life that involve inequalities or discrepancies in power and authority, as they are reflective of the larger social structure.

conflict theory

With respect to the sociological perspectives on sex and sexuality, which one is most closely associated with the following example?: These theorists view sexuality as another area in which power differentials are present and where dominant groups (men and heterosexuals) actively work to promote their worldview as well as their economic interests.

conflict theory

With respect to the theoretical perspectives on gender, which one is most closely associated with the following example?: Friedrich Engels, a German sociologist, studied family structure and gender roles, and suggested that the same owner-worker relationship seen in the labor force is also seen in the household, with women assuming the role of the proletariat (dependent on men for economic support). Contemporary theorists, in agreement with Engels, suggest that when women become wage earners, they can gain power in the family structure and create more democratic arrangements in the home, although they may still carry the majority of the burden for household tasks.

conflict theory

Match the following example with the category of crime that it is most closely associated with: Identity theft

corporate crime

A criminal justice system is an organization that exists to enforce a legal code. There are three branches of the U.S. criminal justice system. Which of the following includes prisons and jails?

corrections system

A criminal justice system is an organization that exists to enforce a legal code. There are three branches of the U.S. criminal justice system. According to our e-textbook, which of the following is NOT one of three?

criminal law

Sociologists distinguish between the concepts of sex and gender. The concept of gender is the more complicated one, referring to the psychologically-held definition of one's gender identity AND to the ___________ differences associated with how different societies define gender roles in different ways.

cultural

Those who apply and promote the importance of equality for women online are called ___________.

cyberfeminists

Which of the following leadership styles encourages group decision-making and consensus?

democratic

Which of the following theories of deviance argues that individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance? According to Sutherland, deviance is less a personal choice and more a a person's socialization experience, especially in interaction with peer groups. For example, a young teenager whose friends are sexually active is more likely to view sexual activity as acceptable.

differential association theory

With regards to technological inequality, which of the following refers to the uneven access to technology among different races, classes, and geographic areas?

digital divide

Match the following example to the concepts below: The green person from the dominant group refuses to hire any pink people for upper management jobs because they are, according to "Greenie," not trustworthy.

discrimination

Hollywood, Bollywood and Netflix are all associated with which of the following types of media and technology? (Although one of them is also associated with television.)

film

Which of the following theoretical perspectives on aging is associated with the functionalist paradigm and is linked to the idea that because everyone expects to die one day, and because we experience physical and mental decline as we approach death, it is natural to withdraw from individuals and society?

disengagement theory

According to the Henig research discussed in our e-textbook (see article on Millennials), which of the following is NOT one of the five social milestones that define adulthood?

divorce

Looking at the multiple kinds of social mobility, which of the five below is exemplified by a movement from the upper middle class to the working poor class?

downward mobility

Sociologists place significance on group size and group structure. Which of the following is a two-person group, characterized by high-intensity relationship (at least potentially) and low stability (e.g., divorce ends the marriage)?

dyad

With regards to technological inequality, which of the following refers to the ability to sort through, interpret, and process knowledge?

e-readiness

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of formal organizations identified and described by Etzioni in our e-textbook?

effective organizations

As presented in Table 13.2, which type of abuse is associated with the following signs and symptoms?: Being upset or withdrawn, unusual dementia-like behavior (rocking, sucking)

emotional abuse

Match the following example with the key concept below: Roberto and Milos are both second-generation Americans, meaning their parents came to this country as immigrants. Both of them love soccer and hip hop music, and both of them are bilingual, but each has some different cultural identities due to their parents' respective national origins.

ethnicity

Which of the following concepts refers to the shared culture of a group: language, religion, beliefs, values, and traditions?

ethnicity

One trend in the United States is that people are marrying outside their own social category; e.g., more mixed race-ethnic marriages. This is an example of ___________.

exogamous marriages

Which of the following characteristics of bureaucracies, as described by Max Weber, refers to how specific guidelines for operating within the bureaucracy are written down and standardized, with precision?

explicit rules

expulsion

In a matrilocal residence system it is customary for the wife to live with her husband's blood relatives (or family or orientation), whereas in patrilocal residence systems it is customary for the husband to live with his wife's blood relatives (or her family of orientation).

false

Match the following example to the concepts below: This is a socially recognized group (usually joined by blood, marriage, cohabitation, or adoption) that forms an emotional connection and serves as an economic unit of society.

family

The ___________ model recognizes the events that occur in the lives of families but views them as part of a fluid life course rather than in consecutive stages. The strength of this type of explanatory model is that it accounts for significant shifts in family development, such as the fact that in today's society, childbearing does not always occur with marriage.

family life course

The set of predictable steps and patterns families experience over time is referred to as the ____________.

family life cycle

Match the following example to the concepts below: Peter and Carol are the kids of Paul and Candy; the four of them represent Peter's and Carol's _____________.

family of orientation

Match the following example to the concepts below: Paul and Candy have recently married and plan to have kids in the next few years. When they do, the two of them will begin their___________.

family of procreation

With respect to the theoretical perspectives on gender, which one is most closely associated with the following example?: These theorists focus on the role of the family in perpetuating male dominance. In patriarchal societies, men's contributions are seen as more valuable than those of women. Patriarchal perspectives and arrangements are widespread and taken for granted. As a result, women's viewpoints tend to be silenced or marginalized to the point of being discredited or considered invalid.

feminist theory

With regards to marriage and the family, which of the three major sociological paradigms is most closely associated to the following example?: Strong families provide stability to the communities in which they live and in the broader society. As the primary agent of socialization and enculturation, the family's purpose is to teach young children the ways of thinking and behaving that follow social and cultural norms, values, beliefs, and attitudes.

functionalism

With respect to the theoretical perspectives on race and ethnicity, which of the following theoretical perspectives is most closely associated with the example below: The diversity of race-ethnic groups can add to the stability of the social system, whereas systemic racism and racial prejudice are dysfunctions that undermine that stability.

functionalism

With respect to the sociological perspectives on sex and sexuality, which one is most closely associated with the following example?: This perspective emphasizes the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability. As Parsons argued, the purpose of encouraging sexual activity in the confines of marriage is to intensify the bond between spouses and to ensure that procreation and the socialization of children take place within a stable, legally recognized relationship.

functionalism (structural functionalism)

With respect to the theoretical perspectives on gender, which one is most closely associated with the following example?: Traditional gender roles are rooted in the pre-industrial era when men typically took care of responsibilities outside of the home, such as hunting, and women typically took care of the domestic responsibilities in or around the home. These roles were considered proper because women were often limited by the physical restraints of pregnancy and nursing and unable to leave the home for long periods of time. Once established, these gender roles were passed down through the generations since they served as an effective means of keeping the family system working properly.

functionalism (structural functionalism)

Which of the following three major theoretical paradigms in sociology would most likely examine the process of socialization by focusing on how socialization plays a crucial role in preparing members of society to operate successfully within society and transmitting cultural values, norms and symbols from one generation to the next?

functionalism (structural-functionalism)

Which two sociological paradigms help us to better understand the subjective experience of belonging to a "family," and shed light on the many purposes of families and their roles in the maintenance of a balanced and stable society?

functionalism and symbolic interactionism

Of the three major sociological perspectives on social groups, which one is most closely aligned with the following interpretation of the MeToo Movement?: "What macro-level needs are served by the MeToo Movement? How does this movement provide checks and balances that contribute to the overall stability of U.S. society by focusing attention on the problem of sexual assault and harassment?"

functionalist perspective

Lisa Bloom, author of Think: Straight Talk for Women to Stay Smart in a Dumbed Down World, carried out important research on ________ socialization.

gender

Which of the following concepts refers to a person's deeply held internal perception of their gender?

gender identity

genocide

The sociological concept of social stratification draws its name from _____________, a field of study in the natural sciences.

geology

Match the following definitions with the key concepts below: __________ refers to a type of social structure wherein the power is held by a society's oldest members.

gerontocracy

Which of the following theoretical perspectives on aging is associated with symbolic interactionism and idea that as people age, the elderly transcend the limited views of life they held when they were younger, they become less self-centered and feel more peaceful and connected to the natural world, this new-found wisdom allows them to let go of conflict and develop softer views of right and wrong?

gerotranscendence theory

Match the following with the key concepts below, which are linked to the discussion on "Death and Dying" in our e-textbook: A psychological, emotional, and social response to the feelings of loss that accompanies death or a similar event.

grief

Match the following with the key concepts below, which are linked to the discussion on "Death and Dying" in our e-textbook: Type of healthcare that treats terminally ill people when "cure-oriented treatments" are no longer an option

hospice

Which of the following would NOT be considered a social inequality?

income inequality

The type and quality of sanctions are an important part of a society's social control system. Sanctions can be formal or informal, and positive or negative. Which type of sanction is the following example? Thanking someone for holding the door open for you as you enter the Target department store.

informal, positive

According to Robert Merton's strain theory, access to socially acceptable goals plays a part in determining whether a person conforms or deviates. Merton identified five different ways people may respond to the disconnect between socially accepted goals and the lack of socially accepted means to reach the goals. Which form of deviance accepts the goal but finds illegal means to reach the goal?

innovation

As small groups grow in size, group leadership becomes more formal and, often, more important to the group. Which of the following leadership types is associated with goal-oriented leadership? A good example would be the head football coach at a Big Ten university like The Ohio State University.

instrumental leadership

Looking at the multiple kinds of social mobility, which of the five below is most closely associated with the following example: An upper-class executive was raised by parents who belonged to the middle class. Inturn, those parents grew up in a working class family.

intergenerational mobility

Building on previous work by Kimberle Crenshaw, feminist sociologist Patricia Hill Collins (1990) developed ________ theory, which suggests we cannot separate the overlapping effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes.

intersection

With respect to the theoretical perspectives on race and ethnicity, which of the following theoretical perspectives is most closely associated with the example below: We cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation and other aspects of the human condition; these are overlapping forms of oppression.

intersection theory

According to research conducted by Travis Hirschi, deviance is the consequence of a lack of social bonds. His control theory identifies four different types of social bonds: attachment, commitment, belief and ___________.

involvement

Match the following example with the three life-stage subgroups of the older adult population: Jim lives in a nursing home with one of his WWII buddies. They share memories of the Great Depression of the 1930s when they were teenagers and Jim will never forget the 1941 bombing of Pearl Harbor, the same day he turned 16 years old.

old-old

With regards to the upper class in the United States, the top 1% of the population owns _________ of the nation's wealth.

one-third

Sociologists make distinctions between different types of social groups, depending on the functions the group serves and the phenomenon of group boundaries. Which of the following types is understood within a context of group boundaries, and is associated with those groups that we do not belong to and, often, do not want to belong to? An example would be a longtime fan of the Chicago Bears, who roots against the Green Bay Packers ... the Packers would be considered the __________ for this Bears fan.

out-group

In tracing one's lineage (ancestry), which type of descent is common in rural China and India?

patrilineal descent

Which of the following agents of socialization is NOT one identified in our e-textbook as an institutional agent of socialization?

peer group

Which of the following refers to a group of individuals of about the same age who are connected by common interests? These groups are very important in the socialization process, especially during the adolescent stage of the life course.

peer groups

people waiting for the "El" to arrive at their Brown Line stop

Match the following nation with the three categories from the world systems approach to analyzing global inequality between nations. Vietnam

peripheral nations

Sociologists distinguish between the concepts of sex and gender. The concept of sex refers to the ___________ differences between males and females.

physical or phyiological

Match the following with the key concepts below, which are linked to the discussion on "Death and Dying" in our e-textbook: Dr. Jack Kevorkian and Oregon's "Death with Dignity" legislation

physician-assisted suicide

This strategy is a long-held business practice of planning for a product to be "out-of-date" and unusable from the time it is created, so that new products can be sold and more profits reaped.

planned obsolescence

The U.S. Patent Office receives patent applications for nearly all major innovations worldwide. This regulatory body patents the following three types of innovation. Which one is granted for the discovery of new plant types that can be asexually reproduced? Example: genetically modified foods

plant patents

The Tea Party Movement started in 2010 as a collection of groups from around the country who are politically active. As discussed in our e-textbook, which one of the following is NOT one of their major beliefs?

politically liberal

George is a high-status man with four wives. This is an example of ______________.

polygamy

Rebecca is a woman with two husbands. This is an example of ______________.

polygamy

With respect to the sociological perspectives on sex and sexuality, which one is most closely associated with the following example?: This theory raises objections to Western society's rigid way of splitting of gender into male and female roles and questions the manner in which we have been taught to think about sexual orientation.

queer theory

Match the following example with the key concept below: Jennifer and Alesha have different skin tones, with Jennifer having a dark brown skin tone and Alesha having a light brown skin tone. Sometimes their society treats them somewhat differently because of this difference in a physical characteristic.

race

Match the following example to the concepts below: Jackie, an agent from the ABC Real Estate company, encourages a minority couple to look at some of the really good deals in the minority neighborhood on the other side of the tracks, even though the couple can afford to live in the upscale On the Hill neighborhood.

racial steering

rebellion

Sociologists make distinctions between different types of social groups. Which of the following types is one that we compare ourselves to, as a way of measuring our accomplishments? An example would be peer groups ... e.g., those that graduated from the same high school during the same year.

reference group

Max, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Max is living in __________.

relative poverty

Which of the following concepts refers to a process that people experience when they enter into a new and very different social situation and need to learn new values and norms? Examples would be when someone is sent to prison or when someone leaves home to live in a college dormitory.

resocialization

retreatism

Of the following institutional agents of socialization, which one is linked to the concept of hidden curriculum?

school

Although not common in the United States, in Western Europe it is common for young adults to take a "gap year." Which institutional agent of socialization is associated with the gap year?

school/college

Although the terminology has changed since the end of the Cold War, which of the concepts below is most accurately linked to the country of China?

second world

Sociologists make distinctions between different types of social groups, depending on the functions the group serves and the phenomenon of group boundaries. Which of the following types tends to be more temporary, can be either small or large, and meets goal-oriented instrumental needs? An example would be this online course.

secondary group

With regards to marriage and the family, which of the three major sociological paradigms is most closely associated to the following example?: Family is not an objective, concrete reality. Like other social phenomena, it is a social construct that is subject to the ebb and flow of social norms and ever-changing meanings.

symbolic interactionism

With respect to the sociological perspectives on sex and sexuality, which one is most closely associated with the following example?: These theorists focus on the meanings associated with sexuality and with sexual orientation. For example, they might focus on the slurs used to describe homosexuals. Labels such as "queen" and "fag" are often used to demean homosexual men by feminizing them. This subsequently affects how homosexuals perceive themselves.

symbolic interactionism

With respect to the theoretical perspectives on gender, which one is most closely associated with the following example?: These theorists focus on the cultural definitions of masculinity and femininity. According to research, whether we are expressing our masculinity or femininity, we are always "doing gender." Thus, gender is something we do or perform, not something we are.

symbolic interactionism

With respect to the theoretical perspectives on race and ethnicity, which of the following theoretical perspectives is most closely associated with the example below: Conversations between members of the dominant group can either reinforce or help to dismantle the systemic racism in the U.S.

symbolic interactionism

Of the three major sociological perspectives on social groups, which one is most closely aligned with the following interpretation of the Tea Party Movement?: "What do the leadership styles and group dynamics of the Tea Party Movement say about the symbolism of the movement? How do Tea Party groups in Texas differ from Tea Party groups in Minnesota? How are they similar?"

symbolic interactionist perspective

Which of the following is an example of primary aging?

thinning and graying of hair

Although the terminology has changed since the end of the Cold War, which of the concepts below is most accurately linked to the region of sub-Saharan Africa?

third world

Which of the following concepts refers to individuals who identify with the gender roles that are different from their biological sex? For example, males within this group have such a strong emotional and psychological connection to the feminine aspects of society that they identify their gender as female.

transgender

Sociologists place significance on group size and group structure. Which of the following is a three-person group, characterized in contrast to two-person groups as more stable but capable of a "two-against-one" group dynamic?

triad

As a sociological concept, marriage is a legally recognized social contract between two people, traditionally based on a sexual relationship and implying a permanence of the union.

true

The annual Uniform Crime Reports provides data on reported crimes but does not provide data on unreported crimes.

Sociology

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