Sociology CH 2 REVIEW QUIZ

Disparaging attitudes toward polygamy (a marriage that includes more than two people) in the United States may be a form of

ethnocentrism.

Fixed patterns of behavior that have genetic origins and appear in all normal animals in a given species are

instincts.

Match the type of human society to the characteristic that best applies.

Although male elders had the most influence, decision making in these societies was generally participatory. (Pastoral) These societies were often predominant in desert or mountainous regions, where crops were difficult to grow. (hunting and gathering) Only a very small percentage of people in these societies work on the land. (civilizations) These are societies marked by large material and power inequalities, and in which rural agriculture and cities coexist. (industrialized)

Which of the following statements about individualism best exemplifies the relationship between norms and values?

Americans often believe strongly in individualism, which is exemplified by a mainstream belief that it is normal and healthy for people aged eighteen or older to move out of their parents' house

Which of the following statements might be derived from the linguistic relativity hypothesis?

Learning a different language can be a very good way of understanding the culture and experiences of the group by which that language was developed.

__________ consists of the physical objects that a society creates that influence the ways in which people live.

Material goods

What is the main difference between pastoral societies and agrarian societies?

Pastoral societies relied mainly on domesticated animals, while agrarian societies relied on agriculture.

What is the relationship between colonialism and global inequalities in industrial development?

The wealth obtained from colonized areas, often in the form of raw natural resources, was funneled back to the home countries of colonial powers instead of being invested in the development of the colonized areas.

Which of the following statements applies to hunting-and-gathering societies?

There is less inequality in such societies than in any other type of human society discussed in the text.

According to your text, which of the following is true of the majority of countries that constitute the Global South?

They were formerly under colonial rule.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the general sociological approach to the nature/nurture debate as described in this chapter?

While genetics and biology play a role in human behavior, they manifest in an astounding variety of ways, based on complex interactions with the social environment.

Which of the following is the best definition of a nation-state?

a political community with clearly defined geographical borders and a shared culture

What is colonialism?

a process whereby Western nations established their rule in parts of the world away from their home territories

Which of the following might be considered a cultural universal?

decorating one's body

Cultural relativism is the

practice of judging a society by its own standards

Culture can be defined as

values, norms, and material objects characteristic of a particular group.