Sociology Ch 8 Race and Ethnicity as Lived Experience

Race

a socially defined category based on real or perceived groups of people. (217)

Racism

A set of beliefs about the superiority of ones racial or ethnic group, used to justify inequality and often rooted in the assumption that differences between the groups are genetic. (222)

Double-Consciousness

W.E.B DuBois's term for the divided identity experienced by blacks in America. (225)

Pluralism

a cultural pattern of inter-group relations that encourage racial and ethnic variations and acceptance within a society. (236)

Assimilation

a pattern of relations between ethnic or racial groups in which the minority group is absorbed into the mainstream or dominant group, making society more homogenous. (236)

Ethnicity

a socially defined category based in common language, religion, nationality history, or another culture. (218)

Situational Ethnicity

an ethnic identity that can be either displayed or concealed depending on its usefulness in a given situation. (218)

Symbolic Ethnicity

an ethnic identity that is only relevant on specific occasions and does not significantly impact everyday life. (218)

Prejudice

an idea about the characteristic of a group that is applied to all members of that group and is unlikely to change regardless of evidence against it. (222)

Individual Discrimination

discrimination carried out by one person against another (223)

Institutional Discrimination

discrimination carried out systematically by institutions (political, economic, educational, and others) that affect all members of a group who come into contact with it. (223)

Passing

presenting yourself as a member of a different racial or ethnic group that the one you were born to. (225)

Miscegenation

romantic, sexual, or marital relationships between people of different race. (228)

Minority Group

social group that is systematically denied the same time access to power and resources available to society's dominant groups though they are not necessarily fewer in number than dominant groups. (221)

Genocide

the deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, national, or cultural group. (233)

Internal Colonialism

the economic and political subjugation of the minority group by the dominant group within a nation. (234)

Popular Transfer

the forcible removal of a group of people from the territory they have occupied. (233)

Segregation

the physical and legal separation of groups by race or ethnicity. (234)

Racial Assimilation

the process by which racial and minority groups are absorbed into the dominant group through marriage. (346)

Cultural Assimilation

the process by which racial or ethnic groups are absorbed into the dominant group by adopting the dominant group's culture. (236)

Embodied Identity

those elements of identity that are generated through others' perceptions of our physical traits. (226)

Discrimination

unequal treatment of individuals based on their membership in a social group, usually motivated by prejudice. (222)

Ethnic Opinions

we can display group membership by embracing ethnic identity on special occasions like St. Patrick's Day or Cinco de Mayo. (219)