Sociology Chapter 1 Test

Harriet Martineau is considered an early feminist theorist because she a. thought that conflict between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie was inevitable. b. wrote about the link between slavery and the oppression of women. c. campaigned for equal pay for women. d. believed women were free to find their own social-class level.

b. wrote about the link between slavery and the oppression of women.

Which of the following best describes the sociological perspective? a. Its major focus is on individual differences. b. Its major focus is the intelligence of individuals. c. It focuses on people at a group level. d. It has little interest in group behavior.

c. It focuses on people at a group level.

The theory that society benefits when each individual finds his or her own social-class level without outside interference is called a. group conformity b. class conflict c. group imagination d. Social Darwinism

d. Social Darwinism

Which best explains the relationship between psychology and sociology? a. Both focus primarily on goods and services. b. Both focus on the theory of government. c. Both focus primarily on the interaction between human populations. d. Sociology focuses on the group, while psychology focuses on the individual.

d. Sociology focuses on the group, while psychology focuses on the individual.

A manifest function is unintended and unrecognized. True or False

False

Anthropologists focus mainly on modern, industrial societies. True or False

False

Functionalism assumes that societies will return to a state of stability after periods of upheaval. True or False

False

Individuals do not change their behavior to match the expectations of a group. True or False

False

People's behavior within a group can be predicted from their individual, personal characteristics. True or False

False

Social structure refers to the occasional patterns of social behaviors in a group or society. True or False

False

The sociological perspective only studies an individual's behavior. True or False

False

One way to develop the sociological imagination is to look at your own society as an outsider. True or False

True

Psychologists study the behavior of individuals. True or False

True

Supporters of the conflict perspective see social living as a contest for resources. True or False

True

Symbolic interactionism focuses on mutually understood symbols. True or False

True

Why is social structure important to the study of sociology? a. Sociologists study patterns rather than individual actions. b. Sociologists are only interested in human behavior. c. Sociologists must gain perspective d. Sociologists study individual actions rather than patterns.

a. Sociologists study patterns rather than individual actions.

What is one way that sociology and history differ? a. Sociologists use a wider range of research methods. b. Only historians use historical documents and oral histories. c. Historians focus mainly on observation and interviews. d. Only sociologists interpret the evidence they gather.

a. Sociologists use a wider range of research methods.

Social activist who was involved in the Pan-African movement a. W.E.B. DuBois b. Emile Durkheim c. Karl Marx d. Max Weber e. Jane Addams

a. W.E.B. DuBois

C. Wright Mills: a. a sociologist who coined the term sociological imagination b. emphasizes the contributions of each part of a society c. negative consequences of an aspect of society d. social stability and order e. emphasizes competition and constraint f. hoped to form a classless society g. a key influence in the change from a preindustrial to an industrial society h. behavior that matches group expectations i. social science that studies culture j. ability to control the behavior of others

a. a sociologist who coined the term sociological imagination

According to Emile Durkheim, where is consensus strongest? a. in small tribal societies b. in large industrial societies c. in universities d. in countries with large international trade

a. in small tribal societies

Some people think that shopping over the Internet can lead to social isolation because people go to stores less frequently. This is a ____________ function of Internet shopping. a. latent b. dynamic c. static d. manifest

a. latent

What did Harriet Martineau see a link between? a. slavery and the oppression of women b. the proletariat and the bourgeoisie c. Social Darwinism and the advancement of women d. educational opportunity and social structure

a. slavery and the oppression of women

Which theoretical perspective shows that people can communicate because they share words, gestures, and physical objects that have similar meanings to all of them? a. symbolic interactionism b. the conflict perspective c. functionalism d. postivism

a. symbolic interactionism

Jane Addams a. was concerned about the exploitation of the lower class. b. believed everyone should find his or her social-class level without outside interference. c. was the first person to research the social structure of African American communities. d. is considered the founder of symbolic interactionism.

a. was concerned about the exploitation of the lower class.

The changes caused by the Industrial Revolution, such as people moving from farms to cities, is an example of social a. conformity. b. Darwinism. c. dynamics. d. relativism

b. Darwinism.

Sociologist who stressed the importance of consensus in a society a. W.E.B. DuBois b. Emile Durkheim c. Karl Marx d. Max Weber e. Jane Addams

b. Emile Durkheim

Functionalism: a. a sociologist who coined the term sociological imagination b. emphasizes the contributions of each part of a society c. negative consequences of an aspect of society d. social stability and order e. emphasizes competition and constraint f. hoped to form a classless society g. a key influence in the change from a preindustrial to an industrial society h. behavior that matches group expectations i. social science that studies culture j. ability to control the behavior of others

b. emphasizes the contributions of each part of a society

Several members of a little league team begin wearing their baseball caps backward and soon the entire team is following this style. This is an example of a. social structure. b. group conformity. c. group imagination. d. Social Darwinism.

b. group conformity.

Which of the following is part of the unique perspective of sociology? a. the behavior of individuals in isolation b. patterns of behavior in social relationships c. the mental and emotional processes of individuals d. the history and theory of government.

b. patterns of behavior in social relationships

When a baby waves "bye-bye" he is using a a. function. b. symbol. c. verstehen. d. rationalization.

b. symbol.

When an athlete holds a clenched fist over her head after scoring a point, she is using a a. function. b. symbol. c. verstehen. d. rationalization.

b. symbol.

What did W.E.B. Du Bois criticize? a. class based social structure b. the assumption that African Americans are inferior c. the move from agricultural to industrial society d. the belief in Social Darwinism

b. the assumption that African Americans are inferior

Writer who believed that there is conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat a. W.E.B. DuBois b. Emile Durkheim c. Karl Marx d. Max Weber e. Jane Addams

c. Karl Marx

What is the sociological imagination? a. A method sociologists use to uncover new sources of information. b. The ability of individuals to adapt to the expectations of a group. c. The way individuals see how events in their won lives relate to events in society. d. A creative way for sociologists to represent social processes.

c. The way individuals see how events in their own lives relate to events in society.

According to _______________, the people with the most power are seen as the most valuable to society. a. symbolic interactionism b. functionalism c. conflict theory d. postivism

c. conflict theory

When government regulations become so complex that they make it hard for citizens to accomplish their work efficiently, the negative result is a. proletarianism b. dynamics. c. dysfunction. d. solidarity.m

c. dysfunction.

Which of the following emphasizes the contributions of each part of society and how these parts work together to create a unified whole? a. symbolic interactionism b. the conflict perspective c. functionalism d. postivism

c. functionalism

Dysfunction: a. a sociologist who coined the term sociological imagination b. emphasizes the contributions of each part of a society c. negative consequences of an aspect of society d. social stability and order e. emphasizes competition and constraint f. hoped to form a classless society g. a key influence in the change from a preindustrial to an industrial society h. behavior that matches group expectations i. social science that studies culture j. ability to control the behavior of others

c. negative consequences of an aspect of society

Your mother believes that you should cook the family dinner every Wednesday night because it is part of your family duties. You believe you should not have to cook because it takes too long and cuts into after-school activities. You and your mother have different a. symbols. b. structures. c. perspectives. d. social dynamics.

c. perspectives.

Stressed that people behave based on their own understanding of a situation a. W.E.B. DuBois b. Emile Durkheim c. Karl Marx d. Max Weber e. Jane Addams

d. Max Weber

What term describes the ability of individuals to see the relationship between event in their personal lives and events in their society? a. societal environment b. societal devolpment c. sociological imagination d. sociological population

c. sociological imagination

The distribution of power is most important in which of the following theoretical perspectives? a. symbolic interactionism b. functionalism c. the conflict perspective d. postivitism

c. the conflict perspective

How are sociology and anthropology alike? a. Neither focuses on preliterate societies. b. Neither places an emphasis on artifacts. c. Both focus on industrial societies. d. Both concentrate on the study of societies.

d. Both concentrate on the study of societies.

Who was the social worker who studied the lives of people along the Mexican-American border? a. Charles Darwin b. Jane Addams c. George Herbert Mead d. Julian Samora

d. Julian Samora

What is an important difference between sociology and anthropology? a. Sociology studies human mental processes; anthropology deals with human emotions. b. Anthropology studies social structure; sociology studies culture. c. Sociology studies the theory of government works. d. Sociology investigates social behavior from a group perspective; anthropology investigates culture.

d. Sociology investigates social behavior from a group perspective; anthropology investigates culture.

Which of the following is a characteristic of groups? a. Groups have the same characteristics as the people who form them. b. They encourage individuals to behave independently. c. Every group is only a collection of individuals. d. They are separate from the individuals who form them.

d. They are separate from the individuals who form them.

What do sociologists mean by theoretical perspective? a. facts and data about society b. opinions about how people should relate c. consensus among all members of a group d. assumptions about the workings of society

d. assumptions about the workings of society

ALthough there is no requirement concerning attire for the high school tennis team, the members all wear white clothing to competitions. This is an example of group a. social statics. b. perspective. c. postivism d. conformity.

d. conformity.

Which key concept of sociology emphasizes language, norms, values, and beliefs? a. social action b. integration c. power d. culture

d. culture

Shopping on the Internet is convenient, and can save time. This is a ______________ function of this type of shopping. a. latent b. dynamic c. static d. manifest

d. manifest

Using e-mail has decreased the number of hand-written letter that people send to their friends and relatives. This is a _____________ function of e-mail. a. sttic b. dynamic c. latent d. manifest

d. manifest

Social Statics: a. a sociologist who coined the term sociological imagination b. emphasizes the contributions of each part of a society c. negative consequences of an aspect of society d. social stability and order e. emphasizes competition and constraint f. hoped to form a classless society g. a key influence in the change from a preindustrial to an industrial society h. behavior that matches group expectations i. social science that studies culture j. ability to control the behavior of others

d. social stability and order

Which sociological perspective is associated with George Herbert Mead? a. functionalism b. positivism c. the sociological imagination d. symbolic interactionism

d. symbolic interactionism

Karl Marx believed that class conflict was inevitable because a. latent functions are more common than manifest functions. b. social interdependence always leads to social unrest. c. Social Darwinism states that a classless society is the most stable type of society. d. workers will eventually overthrow capitalists just as enslaved persons overthrew their owners.

d. workers will eventually overthrow capitalists just as enslaved persons overthrew their owners.

Social reformer and co-founder of Chicago's Hull House a. W.E.B. DuBois b. Emile Durkheim c. Karl Marx d. Max Weber e. Jane Addams

e. Jane Addams

Conflict Perspective: a. a sociologist who coined the term sociological imagination b. emphasizes the contributions of each part of a society c. negative consequences of an aspect of society d. social stability and order e. emphasizes competition and constraint f. hoped to form a classless society g. a key influence in the change from a preindustrial to an industrial society h. behavior that matches group expectations i. social science that studies culture j. ability to control the behavior of others

e. emphasizes competition and constraint

Karl Marx: a. a sociologist who coined the term sociological imagination b. emphasizes the contributions of each part of a society c. negative consequences of an aspect of society d. social stability and order e. emphasizes competition and constraint f. hoped to form a classless society g. a key influence in the change from a preindustrial to an industrial society h. behavior that matches group expectations i. social science that studies culture j. ability to control the behavior of others

f. hoped to form a classless society

Rationalization: a. a sociologist who coined the term sociological imagination b. emphasizes the contributions of each part of a society c. negative consequences of an aspect of society d. social stability and order e. emphasizes competition and constraint f. hoped to form a classless society g. a key influence in the change from a preindustrial to an industrial society h. behavior that matches group expectations i. social science that studies culture j. ability to control the behavior of others

g. a key influence in the change from a preindustrial to an industrial society

Conformity: a. a sociologist who coined the term sociological imagination b. emphasizes the contributions of each part of a society c. negative consequences of an aspect of society d. social stability and order e. emphasizes competition and constraint f. hoped to form a classless society g. a key influence in the change from a preindustrial to an industrial society h. behavior that matches group expectations i. social science that studies culture j. ability to control the behavior of others

h. behavior that matches group expectations

Anthropology: a. a sociologist who coined the term sociological imagination b. emphasizes the contributions of each part of a society c. negative consequences of an aspect of society d. social stability and order e. emphasizes competition and constraint f. hoped to form a classless society g. a key influence in the change from a preindustrial to an industrial society h. behavior that matches group expectations i. social science that studies culture j. ability to control the behavior of others

i. social science that studies culture

Power: a. a sociologist who coined the term sociological imagination b. emphasizes the contributions of each part of a society c. negative consequences of an aspect of society d. social stability and order e. emphasizes competition and constraint f. hoped to form a classless society g. a key influence in the change from a preindustrial to an industrial society h. behavior that matches group expectations i. social science that studies culture j. ability to control the behavior of others

j. ability to control the behavior of others