sociology chapter 10
According to Immanuel Wallerstein's theory of global capitalism, which nations are at the "core" of the world economy? high-income nations middle-income nations low-income nations All nations form the "core."
A
According to dependency theory, poor countries have become dependent on rich nations because: they sell raw materials to rich nations. rich countries bring tourism dollars. rich nations buy their manufactured goods. rich nations have brought them economic affluence.
A
Some critics claim that modernization theory: ignores how rich nations prevent the economic development of poor nations. amounts to an attack on capitalism. treats rich and poor societies as linked. amounts to an attack on socialism.
A
The death of 52 garment workers in a Bangladeshi sweatshop shows that: the lives of the world's poor are far worse than many people in the United States realize. workers have greater power in poor countries than they do in the United States. workplace regulations are very strict in low-income nations. most nations exhibit similar economic productivity.
A
The poorest 20 percent of the global population receives about what percentage of all global income? 2 percent 5 percent 10 percent 15 percent
A
The social theorist identified with modernization theory is: Max Weber. Karl Marx. George Herbert Mead. Immanuel Wallerstein.
A
Which type of slavery refers to one person owning another? chattel slavery child slavery debt bondage servile forms of marriage
A
According to Walt Rostow, nations begin at the (blank) stage of development and may eventually reach the stage of (blank). drive to technological maturity and take-off traditional and high mass consumption high mass consumption and take-off take-off and drive to technological maturity
B
In 2012, how many independent nations were there in the world? 57 195 341 2,190
B
Modernization theory claims that: poor nations can never become rich in today's world. the main causes of poverty involve culture and technology. the main causes of poverty involve multinational corporations. most poor nations were richer in the past.
B
The concept of "colonialism" refers to the process by which: rich nations share advanced technology with poor countries. some nations enrich themselves through political and economic control of others. poor nations force an end to control by other nations. immigration helps to spark economic development in rich nations.
B
What is Wallerstein's term for the middle-income countries of the world? core semiperiphery periphery outsider nations
B
Absolute poverty is: most common in large nations such as the United States. the same as relative poverty. life threatening. found only in the poorest nations.
C
Dependency theory differs from modernization theory by: making poor nations responsible for their own fate. supporting capitalism as a path to development. explaining global inequality in terms of the exploitation of poor countries by rich countries. claiming that economic development is not a desirable goal.
C
If you were to apply modernization theory to the problem of global poverty, you might point that low-income nations: use advanced technology. have low levels of population increase. have cultural resistance to innovation. have high mass consumption.
C
Japan, Canada, and the nations of Western Europe are all classified as: low-income countries. middle-income countries. high-income countries. These countries do not fall into any one category.
C
Over the course of the last century, the extent of global economic inequality has: decreased sharply. stayed about the same. increased. become smaller, but not by much.
C
The concept of "neocolonialism" refers to the process by which: countries gain new colonies to replace older ones. countries rid themselves of former colonies. multinational corporations dominate the economy of a poor country. companies operate in many countries at one time.
C
What concept refers to a global economy in which multinational corporations exploit people in low-income nations? colonialism corporate slavery neocolonialism international bondage
C
Which type of slavery consists of employers holding workers by paying them too little to cover their debts? chattel slavery child slavery debt bondage servile forms of marriage
C
While modernization theory focuses on (blank), dependency theory focuses on (blank). poor nations and rich nations the future and the past production of wealth and distribution of wealth culture and economics
C
About how many people in the world die each year due to starvation? 50,000 500,000 1 million 9 million
D
According to modernization theory, the greatest barrier to economic development is: technology. multinational corporations. capitalism. traditional culture.
D
If you were applying modernization theory to the problem of global poverty, you might expect rich nations to aid the economic development of poor nations by: promoting population growth. limiting food production. increasing industrial production. denying foreign aid.
D
Of the almost 1 billion people in the world who are living at or close to absolute poverty, what percentage are women? 20 percent 35 percent 50 percent 70 percent
D
One criticism of dependency theory is that it: lacks a historical focus. has little to say about the role of rich countries. blames poor countries for their own poverty. treats global wealth as a zero-sum so that one country benefits only at the expense of another.
D
The people of the high-income countries, who represent 23 percent of the world's population, enjoy about how much of the world's income? 14 percent 24 percent 44 percent 64 percent
D
According to the World System theory, countries that have primary economy are ranked as core nations.
F
All social class groups in America benefit from the globalization of economy in the world today.
F
Although poverty continues, the world has ended the practice of slavery.
F
American is said to be in the Postindustrial period because secondary production activity such as industrial occupations and manufacturing predominates.
F
Global income is divided more equally than income within the United States.
F
In world system theory, peripheral nations receive the greatest amount of benefit from the global economy.
F
The richest 20 percent of the world's people receive 50 percent of the entire world's income.
F
There is less economic inequality in the world today than there was a century ago.
F
the global system benefits all nations in the world equally.
F
Although some labor relationships between the high- income nations and the low income nations have been beneficial to both countries, they have also been responsible for greater income inequality between nations.
T
As a result of technology development and post- industrial economy, middle class in America is shrinking.
T
Compared to poverty in the United States, poverty throughout the world as a whole is more widespread and more severe.
T
During the twentieth century, the standard of living in high-income countries, where the Industrial Revolution took place, increased dramatically.
T
Even people with income at America's poverty line live better than a majority of the world's people
T
High-income countries are the home of the world's largest corporations as well as the world's top financial markets.
T
Huge businesses that operate in many different countries are called multinational corporations.
T
In 2011, the world's three richest individuals each had more wealth than the total economic output of the world's poorest 100 countries.
T
In low-income nations, inequality between men and women is greater than it is in high-income countries.
T
In low-income nations, population growth is generally very high.
T
In low-income nations, the majority of the people live in villages and small towns where farming is the most common way to make a living.
T
Modernization theory claims that rich nations can and do help solve the world's poverty problem.
T
Modernization theory focuses on the production of wealth, while dependency theory focuses on the distribution of wealth.
T
Over half of the world population live in the third world countries.
T
Some forms of marriage found in the world today amount to slavery.
T
The globalization of economy have the income of the rich in America go up and the poor in America go down.
T
The poorest 20 percent of the world's people live on just less than 2 percent of the world's income.
T
The text defines middle-income nations as having per capita income between $2,500 and $12,000 per year.
T
(Blank) theory recognizes globalization as a process in which advanced industrial nations help poorer nations advance. Modernization World System Dependency Neocolonialism
a
How would world systems theory classify a nation that has little global power and is exploited by more powerful nations for its labor and natural resources? periphery core semi-core semi-periphery
a
In World System theory, nations such as the United States and Japan are classified as (blank) nations. core peripheral semiperipheral external
a
The model used by the Western government and international banks to classify nations as being First World, Second World and Third World is referred to as the (Blank). Three world model GDP World system theory modernization theory
a
When the concentration of the labor force is in work such as mining and agricultural occupations, we are referring to the: primary economy. secondary economy. tertiary economy. core economy.
a
Which of the following theories argues that global inequality is the result of powerful nations exploiting less powerful nations? dependency theory modernization theory world systems analysis colonial theory
a
Which of the following theories states that inequality between nations is due to cultural differences? neocolonial theory modernization theory dependency theory world systems analysis
b
(Blank) maintains that rich industrialized nations keep poor countries from advancing through various relationships that place the poor nations at a distinct disadvantage in trade, industry and investment. Modernization World System Dependency Neocolonialism
c
According the world systems theory, nations are classified as: western countries and southern countries. developed nations and underdeveloped nations. core nations and periphery nations. first world and third world.
c
Modernization theory falls under the (blank) perspective. symbolic interactionist social conflict functionalist feminist
c
Most of the jobs that were added to the American economy over the past twenty years were in which of the following sectors? manufacturing mining service and professional skilled blue-collar
c
The direct claim of land and resources of the poorer nations by powerful European nations in the 1600s is termed as (blank). neocolonialism dependency colonialism convergence
c
The practice by industrialized nations of controlling the least industrialized nations though debt and economic means is referred to as: imperialism. colonialism. neocolonialism. capitalism.
c
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the emergence of a world economic system? Economic events that occur in one part of the world are felt in every other part of the world. The increase in the blue-collar jobs in the third world has led to the displacement of manufacturing workers in the core countries such as the United States. The inequality level of every society in the world has been greatly reduced because of advancement in technology and rising living standard. The gap in the level of development between the developed nations and developing nations becomes wider than before.
c
(Blank) occurs when major corporations extend their production and marketing efforts beyond their own country to other countries for the sake of profit. centralized economy monopoly intercorporate control multinational corporation
d
According to the World System theory, the three classification of nations that make up the system are (blank), (blank), and (blank). First world, second world, and third world imperialism, colonialism, and neocolonialism high income nations, middle-income, and low income nations core nations, semiperipheral nations, and peripheral nations.
d
According to the world system theory, all of the following are groups of interconnected nations, except: core nations. semi-peripheral nations. peripheral nations colonialism of the U.S.
d
Approximately what percentage of the total world income does the richest twenty percent of individuals hold? 70 percent 90 percent 60 percent 80 percent
d
Approximately what percentage of the total world income does to the poorest 20 percent of individuals hold? 10 percent 7 percent 4 percent 1 percent
d
How would world systems theory classify a nation that had middle incomes and a basic domestic industrial base but lacked major global economic power? semi-core core periphery semi-periphery
d
Mansoor tells you that he believes that many countries in Africa are poor because other nations exploited Africa's labor and natural resources for their own benefit. As a result, it was difficult for Africa's poor nations to build their own economies. Which theory is Mansoor explaining? world systems analysis colonial theory modernization theory dependency theory
d
Modernization theory would blame the poor nations problems on all of the following factors except (blank). poor soil fertility politically corrupt warlords non-productive religious customs natural disasters
d
Shania tells you that she believes the reason why the United States has more internal inequality between its citizens when compared to countries like Canada is because American cultural values are more individualistic. Which theory does Shania's argument support? world systems analysis neocolonialism theory dependency theory modernization theory
d
The majority of the world's poor people live in (blank) and (blank). South America and Africa South America and Asia the Middle East and Africa Africa and Asia
d
What term describes how rich nations control the economies and resources of poorer nations without political control or occupation? dependency capitalism colonialism neocolonialism
d
What term describes the process in which nations decrease the amount of goods produced though manufacturing? post-modernization modernization industrialization deindustrialization
d
Which of the following approaches global inequality by examining the relationships between nations and how all nations are tied together within a global economy? capitalist theory modernization theory dependency theory world systems analysis
d
You have just read a news story about a wealthy nation invading a poor nation after the discovery of massive oil deposits in the country. The wealthy nation sent in its military to take control of the people of the nation and eventually take control of the economic and political systems so that the wealthy country can drill for oil without interference. This is an example of: modernization. dependency. neocolonialism. colonialism.
d