Sociology - Chapter 10

In the past, Canada manufactured clothes. Many clothing corporations have shut down their Canadian factories and relocated to China. This is an example of ________________. 1. Conflict theory 2. OECD 3. Global inequality 4. Capital flight

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Chattel Slavery

a form of slavery in which one person owns another

Anti-Globalization Movement

a global counter-movement based on principles of environmental sustainability, food sovereignty, labour rights, and democratic accountability that challenges the corporate model of globalization

Global Feminization

a pattern that occurs when women bear a disproportionate percentage of the burden of poverty

Underground Economy

an unregulated economy of labor and goods that operates outside of governance, regulatory systems, or human protections

Gross National Income (GNI)

the income of a nation calculated based on goods and services produced, plus income earned by citizens and corporations headquartered in that country

Deindustrialization

the loss of industrial production, usually to peripheral and semi-peripheral nations where the costs are lower

Capital Flight

the movement (flight) of capital from one nation to another, via jobs and resources

Mike, a college student, rents a studio apartment. He cannot afford a television and lives on cheap groceries like dried beans and ramen noodles. Since he does not have a regular job, he does not own a car. Mike is living in ___________________. 1. Global poverty 2. Absolute poverty 3. Subjective poverty 4. Relative poverty

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A sociologist working from a symbolic interaction perspective would ____________________________________. 1. Study how inequality is created and reproduced 2. Study how corporations can improve the lives of their low-income workers and try to understand how companies provide an advantage to high-income nations compared to low-income nations 3. Want to interview women working in factories to understand how they manage the expectations of their supervisors, make ends meet, and support their households on a day-to-day basis

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Dependency theorists explain global inequality and global stratification by focusing on the way that ____________________________________. 1. Core nations and peripheral nations exploit semi-peripheral nations 2. Semi-peripheral nations exploit core nations 3. Peripheral nations exploit core nations 4. Core nations exploit peripheral nations

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Subjective Poverty

a state of poverty subjectively present when one's actual income does not meet one's expectations

Second World

a term from the Cold War era that describes nations with moderate economies and standards of living

First World

a term from the Cold War era that is used to describe industrialized capitalist democracies

Third World

a term from the Cold War era that refers to poor, non industrialized countries

Fourth World

a term that describes stigmatized minority groups who have no voice or representation on the world stage

Peripheral Nations

nations on the fringe of the global economy, dominated by core nations, with very little industrialization

Debt Accumulation

the buildup of external debt, wherein countries borrow money from other nations to fund their expansion or growth goals

Global Inequality

the concentration of resources in core nations and in the hands of a wealthy minority

Relative Poverty

the state of poverty where one is unable to live the lifestyle of the average person in the country

Absolute Poverty

the state where one is barely able, or unable, to afford basic necessities

Global Stratification

the unequal distribution of resources between countries

Dependency Theory

theory stating that global inequity is due to the exploitation of peripheral and semi-peripheral nations by core nations

A sociologist who focuses on the way that multinational corporations headquartered in core nations exploit the local workers in their peripheral nation factories is using a _________ perspective to understand the global economy. 1. Functional 2. Critical sociology 3. Feminist 4. Symbolic interactionist

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Faith has a full-time job and two children. She has enough money for the basics and can pay her rent each month, but she feels that, with her education and experience, her income should be enough for her family to live much better than they do. Faith is experiencing _________________. 1. Global poverty 2. Subjective poverty 3. Absolute poverty 4. Relative poverty

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France might be classified as which kind of nation? 1. Global 2. Core 3. Semi-peripheral 4. Peripheral

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If a sociologist points out that corporate interests dominate the global economy, in part by creating global trade agreements and eliminating international tariffs that will inevitably favour the ability of capital to invest in low wage regions, he or she is a _______________________. 1. Dependency theorist 2. Globalization theorist 3. Modernization theorist 4. Symbolic interactionist

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Maya is a 12-year-old girl living in Thailand. She is homeless and often does not know where she will sleep or when she will eat. We might say that Maya lives in _________ poverty. 1. Subjective 2. Absolute 3. Relative 4. Global

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Semi-Peripheral Nations

in-between nations, not powerful enough to dictate policy but acting as a major source of raw materials and providing an expanding middle-class marketplace

Metropolis-Hinterland Relationship

the relationship between nations when resources of the hinterlands are shipped to the metropolises where they are converted into manufactured goods and shipped back to the hinterlands for consumption

Debt Bondage

when people pledge themselves as servants in exchange for money for passage, and are subsequently paid too little to regain their freedom

In a B.C. town, a mining company owns all the stores and most of the houses. It sells goods to the workers at inflated prices, offers house rentals for twice what a mortgage would be, and makes sure to always pay the workers less than they need to cover food and rent. Once the workers are in debt, they have no choice but to continue working for the company, since their skills will not transfer to a new position. This most closely resembles ______________. 1. Child slavery 2. Chattel slavery 3. Debt slavery 4. Servile marriage

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One flaw in modernization theory is the unwillingness to recognize____________________________________. 1. That semi-peripheral nations are incapable of industrializing 2. That peripheral nations prevent semi-peripheral nations from entering the global market 3. Its inherent ethnocentric bias 4. The importance of semi-peripheral nations industrializing

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Modernization Theory

a theory that low-income countries can improve their global economic standing by industrialization of infrastructure and a shift in cultural attitudes toward work

A ____________ perspective theorist might find it particularly noteworthy that wealthy corporations improve the quality of life in peripheral nations by providing workers with jobs, pumping money into the local economy, and improving transportation infrastructure. 1. Functional 2. Critical sociology 3. Feminist 4. Symbolic interactionist

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If a sociologist says that nations evolve toward more advanced technology and more complex industry as their citizens learn cultural values that celebrate hard work and success, she is using _________________ theory to study the global economy. 1. Modernization theory 2. Dependency theory 3. Globalization theory 4. Evolutionary dependency theory

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One flaw in dependency theory is the unwillingness to recognize ____________________________________. 1. That previously low-income nations such as China have successfully developed their economies and can no longer be classified as dependent on core nations 2. That previously high-income nations such as China have been economically overpowered by low- income nations entering the global marketplace 3. That countries such as China are growing more dependent on core nations 4. That countries such as China do not necessarily want to be more like core nations

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Slavery in the pre-Civil War American South most closely resembled ________________. 1. Chattel slavery 2. Debt bondage 3. Relative poverty 4. Peonage

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Core Nations

dominant capitalist countries