Sociology Chapter 16

Learning from classmates that most students buy lunch on Fridays is an example of ________. a. cultural transmission b. educational access c. formal education d. informal education

a

Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that _____________. a. racial segregation in schools was allowed b. separate schools for black and white students were unconstitutional c. students do not have a right to free speech in public schools d. students have a right to free speech in public schools

a

The 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for __________. a. access to education b. average spending on students c. desegregation of schools d. teacher salary

a

What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world? a. Resources and money b. Student interest c. Teacher interest d. Transportation

a

Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo? a. Conflict theory b. Feminist theory c. Functionalist theory d. Symbolic interactionism

a

Head Start Program

a federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status

Tracking

a formalized sorting system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities

Education

a social institution through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms

No Child Left Behind Act

an act that requires states to test students in prescribed grades, with the results of those tests determining eligibility to receive federal funding

Conflict theorists see sorting as a way to ________. a. challenge gifted students b. perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status c. help students who need additional support d. teach respect for authority

b

Informal education _________________. a. describes when students teach their peers b. refers to the learning of cultural norms c. only takes place at home d. relies on a planned instructional process

b

Key predictors for student success include ____________. a. how many school-age siblings the student has b. socioeconomic status and family background c. the age of the student when she or he enters kindergarten d. how many students attend the school

b

What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common? a. They are all in Asia. b. They recruit top teachers. c. They spend more money per student. d. They use cutting-edge technology in classrooms.

b

Which of the following is not a manifest function of education? a. Cultural innovation b. Courtship c. Social placement d. Socialization

b

Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called ____________. a. affirmative action b. social control c. social promotion d. socialization

c

Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses on managing social media. This is an example of ________. a. cultural innovation b. social control c. social placement d. socialization

c

Public schools must guarantee that ___________. a. all students graduate from high school b. all students receive an equal education c. per-student spending is equitable d. the amount spent on each student is equal to that spent regionally

c

What term describes the separation of students based on merit? a. Cultural transmission b. Social control c. Sorting d. Hidden curriculum

c

Sorting

classifying students based on academic merit or potential

Cultural Capital

cultural knowledge that serves (metaphorically) as currency to help one navigate a culture

Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why? a. They are scored in a way that is subject to human error. b. They do not give children with learning disabilities a fair chance to demonstrate their true intelligence. c. They don't involve enough test items to cover multiple intelligences. d. They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture.

d

Functionalist theory sees education as serving the needs of _________. a. families b. society c. the individual d. all of the above

d

Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of ________. a. a latent function b. a manifest function c. informal education d. transmission of moral education13. What a.

d

What term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability? a. Hidden curriculum b. Labeling c. Self-fulfilling prophecy d. Tracking

d

Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process? a. Conflict theory b. Feminist theory c. Functionalist theory d. Symbolic interactionism

d

Informal Education

education that involves learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society

Credentialism

the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications

Universal Access

the equal ability of all people to participate in an education system

Grade Inflation

the idea that the achievement level associated with an A today is notably lower than the achievement level associated with A-level work a few decades ago

Formal Education

the learning of academic facts and concepts

Hidden Curriculum

the type of nonacademic knowledge that people learn through informal learning and cultural transmission

Social Placement

the use of education to improve one's social standing

Cultural Transmission

the way people come to learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture