Sociology Chapters 11&17 Quiz

When a scientific paradigm shifts, this indicates that:

scientific anomalies have amassed to a level that challenges the validity of an existing paradigm.

Enoch is an 80-year-old man who receives moderate Social Security funds and works part-time bagging groceries. Adolph, an 80-year-old man with more Social Security funds, has no need to work. Sociological research predicts that:

Enoch may live longer because of the social interaction benefits of working.

After studying the story of Foua Yang and her daughter Lia, what might a sociologist say to doctors serving in cross-cultural settings?

Medical conditions can be interpreted in different ways, and these differences are not easily reconciled.

After mental illness became "medicalized," what was one major change that occurred?

Medication replaced counseling.

What did Barry Bogin find was different in the Mayans' lifestyle that allowed them to grow 4 inches taller in the United States than in Guatemala?

They had access to a better diet.

What is one reason men have higher mortality rates than women?

Women are more likely to seek medical care.

Tamara is a medical doctor who is driving to the park. On her way, she passes by the scene of an accident. In U.S. society, the expectation is that Tamara has:

a moral obligation to stop and try to help.

In 1986, the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) was passed, making it:

a requirement to treat even the uninsured at emergency rooms.

We face the risk of car accidents because, as a society, we have developed automobile and road technologies and invested in them heavily. Thinking from the perspective of Charles Perrow, we should make choices that might influence the manufactured risk of car accidents in what way?

attempt to reduce the prevalence and severity of accidents

Steve developed a mental illness in young adulthood. He seeks treatment but doesn't want to talk about his past. He says, "It's just genetic—nothing could have changed it." Influenced by Delores Malaspina's research, Steve's psychiatrist wants to know about Steve's past marijuana intake, because smoking marijuana could:

change the way genes are expressed.

Farmers who are thinking about future generations have committed to several issues. Which of the following is one of the issues mentioned in your text?

conservation of soil

After 1990, nurse practitioners began treating patients more widely and gained authorization to prescribe medications. This trend allows more patients to be treated more quickly, but what is one of its unintended consequences?

doctors having less authority

The "drift explanation" of the relationship between health and socioeconomic status (SES) states that:

genetics and biology affect SES so that people who are healthier have an easier time maintaining a high SES.

Across cultures and across time, medical professionals hold varying degrees of power and prestige. If we esteemed doctors today in the way that ancient Romans did, we might ask our ________ to add on a minor surgical procedure.

hairdresser

What did the former United Nations secretary-general Kofi Annan say was one of the most important factors in defeating infectious diseases?

increasing access to clean water

The green revolution, by increasing new technologies requiring more skills, has resulted in:

increasing the value of formal schooling for women in rural areas.

In the Dover, Pennsylvania, school district, what theory was presented as an alternative to Darwin's theory of natural selection?

intelligent design

The decision to develop atomic weapons during World War II was influenced by:

international geopolitical circumstances.

Normal science:

is conducted within an existing paradigm.

Organic products can lead to health stratification by income because:

organic products are more expensive.

According to the normative view of science, what should scientists leave at the laboratory door?

personal values

Because of the green revolution, food production has kept pace with:

population growth.

Which of the following is one of the concerns mentioned by your textbook that has come about from the Human Genome Project?

privacy

Sociologists worry that the Human Genome Project could position people positively or negatively based on their genetic codes and thus lead to greater:

stratification in society.

The fee-for-service system caused a situation where physicians could determine the number of (often unnecessary) visits required for treatment. This problem was called:

supplier-induced demand.

James Paris and Emily Hoffman work together to develop new knowledge in physics. Hoffman is a well-established scholar with a strong reputation, and Paris is a little-known scholar. Over time, their physics discovery becomes known as the Hoffman Arc. Paris's contribution goes unacknowledged. This dynamic is common, and sociologists call it:

the Matthew effect.

Eliana was given a ten-day course of antibiotics, but she stopped taking them once she started feeling better on day four. Eliana's decision seems to be personal, but it has social implications. What public health risk do we face if more and more people fail to complete prescribed courses of antibiotics?

the development of antimicrobial-resistant antigens

A sociologist and an environmental scientist are each interested in global climate change. The sociologist prioritizes human choices that influence climate. The environmental scientist finds biological factors that influence climate. When the sociologist and environmental scientist dialogue, they may find that their apparent disagreement is actually due to the fact that:

they are working through different frameworks.

One argument against genetically modified foods is that:

they may pose long-term adverse health effects.

While HMOs might decrease the prestige of physicians, they could also be detrimental to patients because a patient could be:

undertreated