SOCIOLOGY EXAM 1

All of the following are ascribed statuses:

-Queen of England -female -daughter

Which of the following might serve as a master status?

-occupation -physical or mental disability -race or color

The term sociology was coined in 1838 by:

Auguste Comte

The sociologist who called on his colleagues to be "value free" was:

Max Weber

Society designates that a doctor diagnoses and treats the illnesses of patients in the hospital. This definition of how he/she is to behave in a particular status is referred to as:

a role

A smaller number of people used to represent an entire population is:

a sample

On many college campuses, some students belong to fraternities and sororities. To the extent that these students have norms and values that distinguish them from other student, they could be called:

a subculture

The learning of culture takes place through

accommodation

It is not uncommon for teachers, coaches, and other person associated with the enterprise of education, affect the self concepts, attitudes, and behaviors of their student. To this extent, schools could be described as:

agents of socialization

According to Erving Goffman, when you close your bedroom door to achieve some privacy you are engaging in:

back stage behavior

The Board of Director's of Mills College, historically a women's college voted to become a co-educational institution. Students were outraged and engaged in a two-week protest. Professor Anderson of the sociology department studied the dispute and the social action of the students. Her explanation of this social phenomenon would likely be cast in which sociological perspective?

conflict

Another term for Freud's concept of the superego is:

conscience

When changes in material culture come more rapidly than changes in non-material culture, the have the phenomenon known as:

cultural lag

When Jim and Arvella took a vacation in Mexico, they were appalled by the level of poverty and outraged by the fact that women nursed babies in public places. Their reactions are an example of:

cultural relativity

The subjective way in which an individual interprets the meaning of a particular event is that person's:

definition of the situation

Dr. Anderson is interested in studying the relationship between educational attainment and lifetime income. In this case, "income" is the:

dependent variable

When a particular social arrangement loses its purpose or function, it is said to be:

dysfunctional

The tendency to judge other cultures as inferior in terms of one's own norms and values is termed:

ethnocentrism

In the United States, the primary Agent of socialization is the:

family

Professor Anderson's sociology class is studying religion. They want to know the purpose religions systems have for society. Their inquiry will likely take which of the following approaches in sociology?

functionalist

Brandy is a nurse, wife, and mother. This would be an example of:

her achieved statuses

Brandy is determined to do well in school. She spends many hours studying each week because she believes that receiving a good education is one the most important things that she can do in life. A sociologist could say that this belief reflects:

her values

The fact that most adults acknowledge the importance of sexual fidelity is an example of _____ culture

ideal

Angie is getting ready for an interview with a potential employer. She has picked out a blazer and skirt and has had her hair done at the beauty shop. Angie is relying on her manners and her appearance to communicate to the employer that she would be an excellent employee. According to Goffman, Angie would be engaged in:

impression management

A statement that tells the respondents what they are being asked and how the information they supply will be used refers to the right of:

informed consent

When he/she suggests that a a functions of education is keeping young people out of the labor force so that the unemployment rate will not be too high, he/she is describing a ____________ of education.

latent function

"I must not be a very good ball player. I am always the last one chosen when we play at school, and I usually have to play right field." Jacob's statement is a reflection of the concept termed the:

looking-glass self

Research into the increasing use of low-wage labor in other countries and the decline of the apparel manufacturing industry in the United States is an example of which of the following levels of sociological inquiry?

macro

When a sociologist suggests that a function of education is preparing young people for jobs that they will hold in the future, he/she is describing a __________ of education.

manifest function

In the opinion of many, the most controversial agent of socialization is the:

mass media

Two people on an airplane getting to know one another is an example of:

micro-level focus

Wrong-doing, such as an adult forcing a child to engage in sexual activity, is an example of violating cultural:

mores

In the United States, driving on the right side of the road, paying for a ticket before seeing a movie, and paying taxes by April 15th are all examples of:

norms

Which of the following are examples of non-material culture?

norms and values

In the nature vs. nurture debate, most social scientist believe that:

nurture is far more important than nature

George Herbert Mead argues that the two most important activities of childhood are:

play and games

The fact that some married men and women are sexually unfaithful to their spouses is an example of ________ culture.

real

_________ refers to efforts to radically change someone's personality through carefully controlling the environment.

resocialization

As a student, you learn that your mother is in the hospital and you feel obligated to visit her but you also have an important exam tomorrow which you must study for. In this situation, you are likely to experience:

role conflict

You and two of your friends are taking the same class and have formed a study group to prepare for exams. As the course progresses, you discover that you tend to earn much higher exam grades than your two friends. You want to do well in the class but don't want to make your friends look bad. It is likely that you are experiencing:

role strain

During play, a child plays the roles of important people in his or her environment. Such people are termed:

significant others

The process by which people act and react in relation to others is called:

social interaction

Brandy graduated with a a law degree from her state university. For the past six months she has been trying to get a job but has met with little success. She notes that most of her friends who graduated at the same time are also unemployed. Brandy has concluded that her inability to obtain suitable employment is the result of poor economic conditions. According to C. Wright Mills, her conclusion is of:

sociological imagination

Being a son or daughter is your ____________, but your parents' expectations that you show respect to them is your ____________.

status; role

The nation census is an example of which of the following research methods?

survey research

Jim is studying behavior in a singles bar. He takes notes on the actions men approaching women and the reactions of the women approached. His research is likely grounded in which of the following perspectives in sociology?

symbolic interactionist

An approach to the study of social interaction that views interaction as taking place on a stage and unfolding in scenes is termed:

the dramaturgical view

While attending a movie, Nicholas continually talks out loud to his friends, makes loud and obnoxious noises and disregards the persons sitting nearby who are watching the film. Mead would suggest that Nicholas has a poorly developed sense of:

the generalized other

Which of the following is an example of a counterculture?

the hippies of the 1960's

The right of the individual to define for himself, when and on what terms his acts should be revealed to the general public is termed:

the right of privacy

What term refers to measuring exactly what one intends to measure?

validity

In the process of measurement, reliability refers to:

whether repeating the observation yields consist results