Sociology exam 2 HW questions

Which of the following is an example of what Erving Goffman described as the "presentation of self"? a. People experience punishment when they are caught breaking the law. b. People often calculate the amount of time it takes to complete tasks in order to manage their schedules. c. People attend to the details of their social media profiles. d. People receive information about themselves when interacting with others.

c. People attend to the details of their social media profiles.

Which of the following have ethnomethodologists observed about emotion? a. People exercise control over their emotional expressions with the exception of laughter, which is the one expression beyond human control. b. Dancing at funerals is a universal taboo among human societies. c. People often exercise control over their emotions, and the way they express emotion differs from society to society. d. People only control emotions during social interaction in parts of east Africa and along the Satpura Range in India.

c. People often exercise control over their emotions, and the way they express emotion differs from society to society.

Rather than participating in the creation of new information, Ken is sitting in front of his television passively consuming it. What would German sociologist and philosopher Theodor Adorno most likely say about this scenario? a. This is an example of media consumption by a networked public. b. This is an example of a user-driven cultural democracy. c. This is a problem associated with the modern culture industry. d. This is a problem of too many counterpublics.

c. This is a problem associated with the modern culture industry.

FROM LECTURE: Key values of U.S. culture: a. are shared by absolutely everyone in American society. b. change quickly, even from year to year. c. are sometimes in conflict with one another. d. always fit together easily.

c. are sometimes in conflict with one another.

Which of the following terms describes fewer and fewer corporations owning more and more of the media outlets in a given media market? a. synergy b. hypercommercialism c. consolidation d. conglomeration

c. consolidation

Which of the following is a trend discussed in the chapter that has put commercial pressure on journalism? a. the growing preference of consumers for news about celebrities b. people are less interested in the news than they used to be c. corporatization and consolidation of media d. declining interest in journalism among recent college graduates who are looking to more lucrative careers in other fields

c. corporatization and consolidation of media

The education, attitudes, knowledge, and preferences by which others judge you constitute your __________. a. cultural universal b. multiculturalism c. cultural capital d. social culture

c. cultural capital

Clair explains that in eighteenth-century Europe people used to congregate in coffee shops and pubs to discuss and formulate rational conclusions about the issues of the time. What kind of space is Clair describing? a. cultural hub b. total institution c. public sphere d. media market

c. public sphere

A __________ is a distinct social category, such as a parent or a teacher, and it has associated with it a set of expected behaviors. a. significant other b. role model c. status d. generalized other

c. status

A corporation owns a cable company, a number of radio stations, and numerous websites. When it launched a new television network, all the corporation's media outlets advertised the new network and broadcast positive reviews of it. This is an example of __________. a. media zoning b. hypercommercialism c. synergy d. consolidation

c. synergy

Many people have called the description of the United States as a giant melting pot an example of __________. Their concern is that the metaphor suggests the country should only accept immigrants who are like the people already living in the country. a. cultural relativism b. multiculturalis c. countercultures d. ethnocentrism

d. ethnocentrism

The sociological subfield that refers to the study of the methods people use during everyday interactions is known as __________. a. social work b. generalized other c. epistemology d. ethnomethodology

d. ethnomethodology

Which of the following refers to a comprehensive system of symbols, which represent concepts? a. the digital divide b. ethnography c. habitus d. language

d. language

Ron decides to go to the same college as his best friend Ken. Which of the following terms best describes Ken's position for Ron? a. projected self b. generalized other c. deviant d. significant other

d. significant other

Which of the following best defines the term "generalized other"? a. the process of excluding people from a group or organization b. modeling one's behavior on the actions of particular individuals in a group c. individuals who are incorporated into a group through conversational precision d. social control exercised by commonsense understandings of what is appropriate in a specific time and place

d. social control exercised by commonsense understandings of what is appropriate in a specific time and place

A group of artists comes to distinguish itself from how most people dress and act. Members of the group always wear black. Women wear heavy, pale makeup, and both men and women have multiple piercings. The artists are devoted to discussing and creating art and music about death. What is a term sociologists would most likely use to describe this group? a. multiculturalists b. cultural relativists c. mainstream culture d. subculture

d. subculture

From a very young age, a child is told by his parents that he is good at sports. As he gets older, he tries out for many different sporting teams, spends time practicing, and eventually becomes an excellent athlete. This scenario illustrates __________. a. interactional repair b. the effects of role conflict on an individual c. the impact of conversational inequality d. the concept of the self-fulfilling prophecy

d. the concept of the self-fulfilling prophecy

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between changing roles and role expectations? a. Changes in roles confer different challenges and opportunities for individuals. b. Role changes never result in role conflicts. c. Role changes have little effect on the behavior of well-rounded individuals, as long as they have strong social networks. d. Taking on new roles sometimes matters and sometimes doesn't.

a. Changes in roles confer different challenges and opportunities for individuals.

Which of the following terms describes the efforts of an American sociologist who attempts to understand Japanese family systems from the standpoint of the Japanese people who grew up in those family systems, rather than from the standpoint of Americans? a. cultural relativism b. ethnocentrism c. multiculturalism d. multilingualism

a. cultural relativism

Which of the following terms refers to a set of assumptions, tastes, preferences, and skills people have based on their social location? a. habitus b. symbols c. tool kit d. values

a. habitus

The CEO of General Motors testified before Congress in the early 1950s and famously declared, "What is good for General Motors is good for America." This claim—that everyone has an interest in the profitability of a large company (General Motors was at the time the largest corporation in the world)—reflects which of the following concepts? a. hegemony b. capitalism c. corporate consolidation d. ethnocentrism

a. hegemony

A documentary film contains a lot of corporate logos. The filmmaker, who appeared on camera to conduct interviews, drove a Toyota car and used an iPhone throughout the film. Which of the following concepts describes the inclusion of commercial products and logos in this film? a. hypercommercialism b. consolidation c. synergy d. conglomeration

a. hypercommercialism

When meeting the expectations of one role precludes a person's ability to meet the expectations of another role, the person is experiencing __________. a. role conflict b. role set c. generalized other d. civil inattention

a. role conflict

Which concept is involved when a plant supervisor wants to be a good friend and confidant to theworkers, but must remain distant in order to rate the workers' performances? a. role strain b. role ambiguity c. role conflict d. role exit

a. role strain

Which of the following is the best definition of civil inattention? a. the act of ignoring other people to an appropriate degree even when you notice they are nearby b. the conflict one feels in regard to conflicting public and private roles c. the growing number of people in a democratic society who choose not to vote d. the tendency to engage with people who are most similar to ourselves

a. the act of ignoring other people to an appropriate degree even when you notice they are nearby

One researcher studying love in contemporary America found that the two most important cultural tools are the idea of love as a voluntary choice, and the idea of love as creating a set of commitments to another person. However, the cultural backgrounds of individuals will affect which of these two cultural tools they rely on and which they are more competent with. What can we infer from these findings? a) Love is a myth. Our culture has fooled us into thinking that love is a voluntary choice, but really it is a norm we don't question. b) Culture does not just establish differences in how we interpret the world and give it meaning. It also influences what kinds of strategies and actions are practically available to us. c) Culture is deterministic, and there is no such thing as individual free will. Therefore, our characters are determined entirely by our habitus. d) Culture is far more important than social structure in creating social order. If we didn't have shared ideas about how to love one another, our social structure would not create social order. b (Culture is a tool kit composed of a set of ideas and skills that we learn through the cultural environment we live in, and then apply to practical situations in our own lives.)

b) Culture does not just establish differences in how we interpret the world and give it meaning. It also influences what kinds of strategies and actions are practically available to us.

Which of the following statements correctly classifies the significant other relative to the generalized other? a. Both the significant other and the generalized other develop only in individuals with a positive looking-glass self. b. Both the significant other and the generalized other affect our behavior. c. Both the significant other and the generalized relate to social norms. d. Both the significant other and the generalized other involved individuals who motivate our behavior

b. Both the significant other and the generalized other affect our behavior.

People use the word "love" to express their preferences for flavors of ice cream as well as their feelings toward their children, but it is safe to say that the word means something different in each of these situations. This is an example of the way __________ give(s) meaning to words and situations. a. significant others b. context c. the looking-glass self d. generalized others

b. context

FROM LECTURE: Society and culture ___________. a. are unrelated. b. could not exist without each other. c. do not exist together. d. are the same thing.

b. could not exist without each other (Remember that cultures describe societies ... they go hand in hand; they are inextricably linked.)

Barbara went to a business dinner, and unlike her colleagues who simply placed orders for "red" wine, Barbara requested a bottle of pinot noir, indicating that she had preferences regarding the different types of grapes used to make wine. In this example, Barbara demonstrated a particular kind of __________. a. cultural relativism b. cultural capital c. social capital d. economic capital

b. cultural capital

A sociologist who studies culture tells you she is interested in studying the most widely shared tool kits within a society. In fact, she is most interested in tool kits that the majority of people within a given society rely on and use in their lives and which are so common most people take them for granted. To which of the following types of culture is the sociologist most likely referring? a. counterculture b. mainstream culture (aka 'dominant culture') c. subculture d. culture war

b. mainstream culture (aka 'dominant culture')

Which of the following refers to the virtual or physical space where members of a social movement congregate and exchange critical ideas about how the government can work more effectively? a. culture industry b. public sphere c. national culture d. digital divide

b. public sphere

Class __________ refers to the processes that cause class boundaries and distinctions to be maintained over time. a. change b. reproduction c. analysis d. culture

b. reproduction

Which concept is involved when a surgeon chooses not to operate on her own son because the personal involvement and care expected as a mother could impair the professional objectivity expected as a physician? a. role ambiguity b. role conflict c. role exit d. role strain

b. role conflict

Conversational precision refers to __________. a. the inability to improvise while conversing with others b. the often subtle physical and verbal cues people deploy to converse successfully with others c. how one's self-understanding depends on the signals received while conversing with others d. the process by which someone comes to fulfill the expectations that another person places on him or her during a single conversation earlier in life

b. the often subtle physical and verbal cues people deploy to converse successfully with others

According to labeling theory, how do people become deviant? a. A person or institution may label a person or group as good, but the stress of the "good" label leads individuals to embrace deviant behavior. b. Due to a cognitive deficiency, some individuals are unable to identify which behaviors society has deemed as deviant, and they engage in those behaviors accidentally. c. A person or institution labels a person or group deviant, and that label may influence future behavior. d. Informal syndicates mentor people in crime and teach them how to engage in deviant behavior.

c. A person or institution labels a person or group deviant, and that label may influence future behavior.

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between formal and informal rules? a. Informal rules are universal, whereas formal rules are always applied to specific situations. b. Informal rules dictate our behavior in legal situations and formal rules in casual situations. c. Informal rules fill the spaces between formal rules by allowing for exceptions in social behavior that are generally acceptable. d. Formal rules are only used in cases of conversational precision, whereas informal rules exist in various social settings.

c. Informal rules fill the spaces between formal rules by allowing for exceptions in social behavior that are generally acceptable.

What is one of the impacts of media consolidation on democracy? a. Media consolidation leads to more local staffing, more local news gathering, and more interaction with local communities, which hinders democracy. b. Media consolidation leads to more local staffing, more local news gathering, and more interaction with local communities, which strengthens democracy. c. Media consolidation leads to less local staffing, less local news gathering, and less interaction with local communities, which hinders democracy. d. Media consolidation leads to more ethical journalism, which strengthens democracy.

c. Media consolidation leads to less local staffing, less local news gathering, and less interaction with local communities, which hinders democracy.

Which of the following conclusions did sociologist Annette Lareau draw regarding the different childrearing practices of middle- and working-class parents? a. Working-class parents spoil their children and encourage disruptive behavior in public, whereas middle-class parents put their children on pedestals and encourage them to feel superior to others. b. Middle-class parents spoil their children and encourage disruptive behavior in public, whereas working-class parents put their children on pedestals and encourage them to feel superior to others. c. Middle-class parents actively foster their children's talents and instill in them a sense of entitlement, whereas working-class parents follow an approach of accomplishment of natural growth and instill in them a sense of constraint. d. Working-class parents actively foster their children's talents and instill in them a sense of entitlement, whereas middle-class parents follow an approach of accomplishment of natural growth and instill in them a sense of constraint.

c. Middle-class parents actively foster their children's talents and instill in them a sense of entitlement, whereas working-class parents follow an approach of accomplishment of natural growth and instill in them a sense of constraint.

A young Asian woman is used to asking people how old they are because social interaction differs depending on differences in age in her culture. She asks her middle-aged American hostess how old she is, and there is shocked silence. What is this misunderstanding based on? a. Habitus b. Encounters c. Symbols d. Opinions

a. Habitus (Habitus refers to ideas and behaviors so routine that we don't even realize we are exhibiting them.)

Which of the following have sociologists observed about laughter? a. Laughter is an emotional performance. b. Laughter appears to be a random outburst, but in fact people are careful to take turns when laughing together. c. There are no conventions regarding when it is appropriate to laugh. d. Unlike the expression of other emotions, laughter is always a random outburst.

a. Laughter is an emotional performance.

According to the chapter, why do people sometimes follow informal rules, even when they contradict formal rules? a. People interpret situations and apply informal rules so that the social world runs more smoothly. b. People only follow informal rules when attempting to be deviant. c. People from high status groups follow informal rules, while people from low status groups follow formal rules. d. People only apply informal rules when they do not understand formal rules.

a. People interpret situations and apply informal rules so that the social world runs more smoothly.

Which of the following is explored in the chapter as a way in which the Internet has created a new opportunity for a better democracy? a. The Internet has made it less costly and far easier for average people to acquire information and participate in public discussions of important issues in their lives. b. The Internet is unique in the way it promotes democratic subcultures. c. The proliferation of online surveys has had the unintended consequence of teaching people how to behave more democratically. d. There are far more online publications devoted to educating people about democracy than physical publications.

a. The Internet has made it less costly and far easier for average people to acquire information and participate in public discussions of important issues in their lives.

What do the Tea Party and the Black Lives Matter movements have in common? a. They are both challenging the mainstream culture. b. They are both composed solely of digital immigrants. c. They both share the same group style. d. They are both examples of mainstream cultures.

a. They are both challenging the mainstream culture.

What is the name given to the approach to childrearing that involves parents caring for their children but leaving them to fend for themselves socially? a. accomplishment of natural growth b. cultural omnivore c. haphazard model d. concerted cultivation

a. accomplishment of natural growth

When the ideal of equal participation cannot be achieved, subordinated social groups have frequently responded by creating their own __________. a. counterpublics b. culture wars c. social development d. socialist utopias

a. counterpublics

When Carrie Anne talks with her friends, she waits for a pause in the conversation, then speaks. When Carrie Anne wants to speak in her sociology class, she waits for the professor to stop talking and raises her hand. How would a sociologist most likely explain Carrie Anne's approaches to these two situations? a. Carrie Anne changed her method of choosing when to speak based on her sociological imagination. b. Carrie Anne is drawing on her cultural tool kit, which she learned through the cultural environment she lived in and applies when deciding which course of action is appropriate for a particular situation. c. Carrie Anne is engaged in mass communication with her friends, but not with her sociology professor. d. Talking with friends is a cultural universal, but talking with a sociology professor is a singular experience

b. Carrie Anne is drawing on her cultural tool kit, which she learned through the cultural environment she lived in and applies when deciding which course of action is appropriate for a particular situation.

Which scenario illustrates the importance of social contact on the development of the self? a. Robin was kept in protective confinement while William was not. Robin never experienced any violence in prison while William, who found friends in a prison gang, was killed while trying to escape. b. Genie, who was left in a crib without social contact until she was three years old, never developed mentally past the age of twelve. c. Infants do not need social contact to develop a sense of self, but the importance of social contact for the development of self increases with age. d. Marion enjoyed social contact has a child, but later in life lived in isolation. Since she chose to live in isolation, this had no impact on her sense of self.

b. Genie, who was left in a crib without social contact until she was three years old, never developed mentally past the age of twelve. (Research demonstrates that lack of social contact is detrimental to the development of the self on a number of levels.)

__________ serves as a way for people to communicate belonging by demonstrating familiarity with shared assumptions about correct behavior. a. Hegemony b. Group style c. Cultural relativism d. Culture wars

b. Group style

Your friend Jerry brags that he often enjoys going to a cheap burger joint for dinner just as much as going to an expensive French restaurant. He also admits that he is an avid reader of cheap romance novels as well as literary masterpieces such as War and Peace. How do sociologists characterize people such as Jerry? a. Jerry is an uncultured dope. b. Jerry is a cultural omnivore. c. Jerry is a social capitalist. d. Jerry is a concerted cultivator.

b. Jerry is a cultural omnivore.

What does the chapter author observe about emoticons? a. People use emoticons because digital communication is destroying human creativity. b. People use emoticons and other signs to avoid confusion. c. People who use emoticons are known as deviants. d. People use emoticons to express civil inattention.

b. People use emoticons and other signs to avoid confusion.

Which of the following observations comes from analyzing people's methods during conversations? a. Conversations are surprisingly democratic. People with more status and power rarely interrupt those with less. b. People who have more power and status often interrupt those who have less. c. Hand gestures have multiple meanings, but words such as "love" and "kill" have fixed meanings. d. People always deny requests by saying "no" just as quickly as they accept requests by saying "yes."

b. People who have more power and status often interrupt those who have less.

Which social psychologist conducted a famous conformity experiment in 1963 in which people believed they were being asked to administer painful electric shocks to others? a. Robert Merton b. Stanley Milgram c. Emile Durkheim d. Erving Goffman

b. Stanley Milgram

Which example BEST illustrates how context affects a symbol's meaning? a. Zadie and Yuri communicate primarily by drawing symbolic pictures to each other because they are from vastly different cultures and do not share the same language. b. Sticking your thumb in the air in the United States is generally considered a positive gesture, while sticking your thumb in the air in Greece is generally considered an obscene gesture. c. Everyone understands that a ring worn on the ring finger of your left hand indicates that you are married. d. John is from the United States, and he knows that Americans have a reputation for acting rudely when they travel abroad.

b. Sticking your thumb in the air in the United States is generally considered a positive gesture, while sticking your thumb in the air in Greece is generally considered an obscene gesture.

Which of the following summarizes what Theodor Adorno referred to as the culture industry? a. The culture industry refers to the industry that legitimizes and empowers a society's elites by making elite ideas seem like the only reasonable and important ideas. b. The culture industry refers to the profit-driven production of popular media within a capitalist society. c. The culture industry refers to an online data cloud that allows people to store their cultural memories on remote servers. d. The culture industry refers to an industry that provides space where private citizens can come together as a public body to discuss and express opinions about matters of general interest.

b. The culture industry refers to the profit-driven production of popular media within a capitalist society.

One worker at a local grocery store chain is unhappy with the company's sick leave policy. The worker wants to start a petition to present to upper management. According to what sociologists know about social conformity, which of the following situations would most likely result in the worker actually starting the petition? a. The worker loses their job because they called out sick. b. The worker has at least one other ally to support the petition. c. The worker is not supported by coworkers. d. The worker calls the store manager to ask permission first.

b. The worker has at least one other ally to support the petition.

Print capitalism made __________ possible by allowing people to imagine themselves as part of a single, coherent community. a. cultural relativism b. a national culture c. culture wars d. hegemony

b. a national culture

Which of the following is the best definition of the self? a. a term that designates the mathematical center of a social network b. an identity developed through social interaction c. personality traits you are born with d. a type of consciousness that is fully formed at birth

b. an identity developed through social interaction

How can rings, tattoos, and beard length communicate an idea about marital status? a) Wearing a ring on a specific part of your body, having a specific tattoo, and wearing a beard of a certain length indicate cultural values about what is intrinsically beautiful in a culture. b) Wearing a ring on a specific part of your body, having a specific tattoo, and wearing a beard of a certain length are a reflection of our habitus—tastes and preferences for how we indicate marital status. c) Wearing a ring on a specific part of your body, having a specific tattoo, and wearing a beard of a certain length are examples of cultural norms because only married people wear wedding rings, certain tattoos, or beards of a certain length. d) Wearing a ring on a specific part of your body, having a specific tattoo, and wearing a beard of a certain length are symbolic of marital status. These are symbols that communicate an idea about marital status, while being distinct from marital status itself.

d) Wearing a ring on a specific part of your body, having a specific tattoo, and wearing a beard of a certain length are symbolic of marital status. These are symbols that communicate an idea about marital status, while being distinct from marital status itself.

FROM LECTURE: Which theoretical perspective would argue that dominant ideologies serve the interests of those in power and are regularly reinforced to maintain the status quo? a. Socio-biology b. Structural functionalism c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Conflict theory

d. Conflict theory

__________ was a popular term used to refer to the political conflicts in the United States over moral issues, such as abortion and gay rights. a. Ethnocentrism b. Group styles c. Cultural appropriation d. Culture wars

d. Culture wars

Which of the following scenarios BEST describes a sociological view of uniqueness? a. Marcos loses his uniqueness when playing soccer because he and his teammates all share the same uniform. b. Carla is unique from her parents and her siblings because each of them has a completely unique genetic make-up. c. Pam is shy, Jim is outgoing, Dwight is aggressive, and Michael is foolish. Therefore, each of them is unique. d. Darla and Xander are each unique because each one has a unique array of social interactions.

d. Darla and Xander are each unique because each one has a unique array of social interactions. (Sociologists define the self as one's own identity and social position, as made and reformulated through interaction.)

Which of the following best describes what media theorist Marshall McLuhan meant by the statement "The medium is the message"? a. The types of news stories broadcast by the news media affect people's beliefs and actions. b. Depending on a media company's economic interests, it will send different messages to the public about important world events. c. Depending on the political affiliation of a media company's CEO, it will send different messages to the public about important world events. d. Different kinds of media (such as the Internet or TV or literature) tend to produce different images of the same issue or topic.

d. Different kinds of media (such as the Internet or TV or literature) tend to produce different images of the same issue or topic

Gemma is an exchange student staying in China. She constantly makes mistakes, wearing the wrong clothes, laughing at things that no one else is laughing at, and horrifying her hosts by leaving her utensils in her bowl of rice. How does the concept of habitus explain Gemma's mistakes? a. Gemma believes her culture is superior to Chinese culture and expects her hosts to adapt to her expectations. b. Gemma learned different values from her Chinese hosts; therefore, she is unable to conform to Chinese norms. c. Gemma is making mistakes because she was not socialized on how to be a good tourist. d. Gemma is basing her current behavior on her past experiences with apparel, humor, and dining etiquette. Her past experiences occurred in a different context; therefore, her behavior now is not always appropriate for her current context.

d. Gemma is basing her current behavior on her past experiences with apparel, humor, and dining etiquette. Her past experiences occurred in a different context; therefore, her behavior now is not always appropriate for her current context.

Jace is known among his friends as a loud-mouthed practical joker, but his family sees him as a quiet, responsible young man. What will likely happen if Jace invites his friends over to meet his family? a. Jace will likely experience civil inattention. b. Jace will likely become a significant other for his friends. c. Jace's family will become a generalized other. d. Jace will likely experience role conflict.

d. Jace will likely experience role conflict.

Which of the following describes what media scholar Michael Schudson meant by the idea that media act as a cultural system? a. Media influence people's thoughts and behaviors by broadcasting subliminal messages, or imperceptible flashes of information, at regular intervals. b. Media corporations fight for control of media markets in the same way that cultural systems fight for control of entire societies. c. Media producers are becoming consolidated in the same way that cultural systems are becoming consolidated. d. Media influence people's thoughts and behaviors by establishing a context, which makes world events intelligible.

d. Media influence people's thoughts and behaviors by establishing a context, which makes world events intelligible.

What is one of the conclusions ethnographer Christena Nippert-Eng made about the items found in people's wallets and purses? a. Americans spend 30 percent more time shopping than their European counterparts. b. People have relatively static identities that resist change over time. c. Wallets, purses, and other accessories inhibit people from expressing their true self. d. People carefully consider what aspects of their identities they want to reveal and under what circumstances they want to reveal them.

d. People carefully consider what aspects of their identities they want to reveal and under what circumstances they want to reveal them.

Which of the following couples BEST represent a significant other relationship? a. Josephine really likes the way Sarah dresses. She begins to buy the same style of clothing and dress in a similar fashion. b. Jane tells Tanya that she thinks she is a really good skater. As a result, Tanya begins to believe she is a really good skater. c. Jared sees Manuel every week at church. They typically sit near each other and speak pleasantly to one another. d. Ron decides to go to the same college as his best friend, Ken. Ken continues to motivate Ron's behavior, influencing the classes he takes and the activities he participates in.

d. Ron decides to go to the same college as his best friend, Ken. Ken continues to motivate Ron's behavior, influencing the classes he takes and the activities he participates in. (Significant others denote individuals close enough to us to have a strong capacity to motivate our behavior.)

FROM LECTURE: Which theoretical perspective would argue that the stability of U.S. society rests on core values shared by most people? a. Symbolic interactionism b. socio-biology c. Conflict theory d. Structural functionalism

d. Structural functionalism

Which individual BEST reflects the concept of the looking-glass self? a. Katrina develops her sense of self when she can understand that the person she sees in the mirror is a reflection and not another person. b. Charles is unable to develop his sense of self because the person he believes he is is not the person his parents believe him to be. c. Dawn is unable to develop her sense of self because her parents are divorced and disagree about what activities she should engage in, what time her curfew should be, how much responsibility she should take, and how much money she can spend on the items she wants to buy. d. Tomas develops his sense of self from observing that his parents are happy to be with him, his siblings often praise him, and his teachers compliment his intelligence.

d. Tomas develops his sense of self from observing that his parents are happy to be with him, his siblings often praise him, and his teachers compliment his intelligence. (What we believe to be our "self" is the result of how we think others see us.)

Cultural experiences that everyone can share __________ the basis for __________. a. cannot be; national culture b. are often; status distinctions c. are often; subcultures d. cannot be; status distinctions

d. cannot be; status distinctions

What is the name given to the approach to childrearing that actively fosters children's talents? a. determined disciplinarian b. accomplishment of natural growth c. cultural omnivore d. concerted cultivation

d. concerted cultivation

Pierre Bourdieu's concept of __________ helps explain how boundaries between social classes get maintained. a. ethnocentrism b. class analysis c. social embeddedness d. cultural capital

d. cultural capital

Which of the following concepts refers to the idea that popular culture is user driven, and that cultural producers are always seeking to tailor their art to reflect popular preferences? a. cultural isomorphism b. culture industry c. networked public d. cultural democracy

d. cultural democracy