sociology exam 4 part 2

Sarah Fenstermaker Berk has characterized the American family by examining how women and men learn to take on distinct roles paralleling the divide between public and private spheres. She calls the family a:

"gender factory"

In what year were laws prohibiting interracial marriage struck down in the United States?

1967

Since 1981, AIDS has killed more than ____________ people worldwide.

25 million

Approximately what percentage of U.S. marriages ends in divorce?

40%

Since 1981, AIDS has killed more than ____________ Americans.

500,000

According to research in Chapter 12, what percentage of today's U.S. families consists of a male breadwinner, a female housewife, and their children?

7%

What population currently has the highest rate of HIV contraction in the United States?

African American women

Which of the following is NOT a volunteer organization in which physicians volunteer to help poor nations?

Equal Health for All

In 1980, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) III:

adopted a medical model of mental illness

Why aren't antibiotics as successful in treating illnesses as they were several years ago?

bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics

Which of the following are benefits of being a tall man?

better health

Your text suggests that significant economic development in underdeveloped areas of the world would require:

eliminating malaria

Formal or informal rules that require a person to marry outside of the group he or she belongs to are called:

exogamy

Marriages that cross racial and ethnic lines have become more common in the United States, although most U.S. marriages are still racially and ethnically endogamous. What factors might discourage exogamy?

facing ostracism from within one's tightly knit community

Who wrote The Feminine Mystique (1963)?

friedan

The ____________ theory of the family argues that nuclear families are necessary for child rearing and fulfilling society's need for productive workers.

functionalist

The eradication of African river blindness (onchocerciasis) illustrates the connection between:

health and economic development

Which of the following characterized the preindustrial family?

husbands and wives were partners, not only in making a home but also in making a living

As discussed in Chapter 12, in which cultures would it be acceptable for a man to marry his 14-year-old cousin?

in Victorian England and in some modern-day Muslim tribes

According to the text's discussion, cohabitation:

increases the rate of divorce because people who cohabitant probably have fewer qualms about divorce

Which of the following is true with regard to bottled water?

it is more expensive than gasoline by volume

Structural changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution had major consequences for families. What was one of the primary mechanisms that explains these consequences?

it separated work and home and created new roles for men and women

Which type of family has higher child mortality rates?

large

After mental illness became "medicalized," what was one major change that occurred?

medication replaced counseling

Some people may have several spouses over their lifetimes, but in the United States they are legally allowed only one at a time. The legal institution is known as:

monogamy

Talcott Parsons and other functionalists argued that the nuclear family was necessary in modern industrial society. Problems with the functionalist argument are highlighted in which of the research findings below?

mundurucu mothers and fathers live in separate homes, eat separate meals, and sleep apart, yet this arrangement is functional for this culture

In the 1950s, which of the following structural functionalists identified the traditional nuclear family model as a functional necessity in modern industrial society?

parsons

In much of the Western world, the choice of a marriage partner tends to be influenced by age, education, class, race, and religion. Which of the following explains this tendency?

people are oftentimes attached to others who are their complete opposite for opposites attract

Married people tend to live longer than unmarried people. It could be that they take better care of themselves when they have the responsibility of a family. It could also be that:

people who are healthier are more likely to get married

In some rural areas of Asia, women can have several husbands at one time. This practice is known as:

polyandry

Some societies allow a person to have several spouses at the same time in an arrangement known as:

polygamy

The notion that true womanhood centers on domestic responsibilities and child rearing is known as:

the cult of domesticity

What public health risk do we face if more and more people fail to complete prescribed courses of antibiotics?

the development of antimicrobial-resistant antigens

In terms of cross-cultural family forms, which of the following statements is true?

the traditional family is not the dominant form anywhere

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the notion of traditional family (stay-at-home mom and working father) in U.S. history?

the traditional family was unique to a particular time in history (1950s) and can really be viewed as an aberration

Which of the following is true regarding single-parent families in the United States and worldwide?

they are on the rise in the United States and worldwide

What did Bogin find was different in the Mayans' lifestyle that allowed them to grow 4 inches taller in the United States than in Guatemala?

they had access to a better diet

Aries wrote that children of preindustrial families were:

thought of as small adults who didn't warrant any special treatment or nurturing

In the Na culture of China, children grow up with which of the following as male role models?

uncles

Structural changes brought on by industrialization in the United States meant that families changed from "grapevine" forms to:

"beanpoles"

Approximately what percentage of Americans marries at some point in their lives?

90%

Which of the following is true regarding motherhood in the Zambian culture?

Zambian mothers dont. nurture their daughters in the way that Western mothers do

Amy and Raymond live together in an intimate relationship without formal legal or religious sanctioning. This arrangement is known by sociologists as:

cohabitation

When a society has rules that limit marital choices to people within their own social group, such as within their social class or religion, this is known as:

endogamy

If Jerome is opposed to the idea of having a relationship with someone who lives in his dormitory, which he jokingly refers to as "dorm-cest," he is practicing the rule known as:

exogamy

Grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins who live together in a multigenerational household are considered a(n) ____________ family.

extended

Which of the following factors contributed to the development of the ideal of the traditional family (male breadwinner and female homemaker) in post-World War II America?

higher education levels

One of the things that may have led Dr. Paul Farmer's (cofounder of Partners in Health) continued commitment to helping the poorest regions of the world with regard to health care is:

his PhD in medical anthropology, which gives him experience as a social scientist

What did the former United Nations secretary-general Kofi Annan say was one of the most important factors in defeating infectious diseases?

increasing access to clean water

It is commonly perceived that the divorce rate has skyrocketed since the 1950s, but actually divorce rates in the United States have been:

increasing steadily since 1900

Which of the following nations practices a rigid adherence to endogamy?

india

John and Monique are married. Both of their parents live with them, as does John's sister and brother-in-law and some nieces and nephews. This is known as a ____________ network.

kinship

A family consisting of a mother, a father, and their biological children is known as a(n) ____________ family.

nuclear

Anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski (1913) examined the family structure of nontraditional cultures and settled a long-standing debate when he concluded that:

the family was indeed a universal human institution

The Ozzie and Harriet Nelson type of family was in its prime during which time period?

the post-world war II economic boom

Which of the following statements is true concerning the domestic world of Ozzie and Harriet portrayed in the 1950s television program?

the program portrayed an idealized version of American family life in the 1950s

Which of the following trends is true in the Western world today?

the proportion of women who choose not to have children is on the rise