Sociology Exam Chapter 9, 11, 12

The racial term "African American" can refer to:

-A Black person living in the United States -People whose ancestors came to the United States through the slave trade -A White person who originated in Africa and now lives in the United States (all of the above)

Which of the following factors can affect the pay gap?

....

In the 115th Congress of the United States, what percentage of the elected officials were women?

50%

Which statement illustrates low status consistency?

A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year.

Sociologists associate sexuality with _______.

A person's capacity for sexual feelings

According to national surveys, most U.S. parents support which type of sex education program in school?

Abstinence plus sexual safety

Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?

After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant.

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, we "do gender":

All of the time, in everything we do

Which of the following scenarios is an example of intragenerational mobility?

An executive belongs to a different class than her parents.

Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?"

Asian Americans

Ethnicity describes shared:

Beliefs, language, religion

What is discrimination?

Biased actions against an individual or group

Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group?

Black people under apartheid in South Africa

Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility?

Class

The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as:

Class traits

Compared to most Western societies, U.S. sexual attitudes are considered _______.

Conservative

Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _______ higher-level job positions.

Denied the opportunity to obtain

When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers:

Do not feel connected to their work or one another

Scapegoat theory shows that:

Dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems

Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would:

Earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

( T or F) Only women are affected by gender stratification.

False

Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the United States?

First-generation college student

Why did most White ethnic Americans come to the United States?

For a better life and to escape oppression

The idea that gender inequality comes from the division of labor fits with which Sociological theory?

Functionalism

To which theoretical perspective does the following statement most likely apply: Women continue to assume the responsibility in the household along with a paid occupation because it keeps the household running smoothly, i.e., at a state of balance?

Functionalism

Which theoretical perspective stresses the importance of regulating sexual behavior to ensure marital cohesion and family stability?

Functionalism

The terms "masculine" and "feminine" refer to a person's _________.

Gender

The term _______ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to act and how they should behave.

Gender role

Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?

Genocide

Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who:

Get rich while workers stay poor

Research indicates that individuals are aware of their sexual orientation _______.

In early adolescence

Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11.

Islamophobia

Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact?

It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.

What is the one defining feature of a minority group?

Lack Of Power

Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor.

Melting pot

In the United States, most people define themselves as:

Middle Class

Occupational prestige means that jobs are:

Not equally valued

What is the best example of the role peers play as an agent of socialization for school-aged children?

Peers tend to reinforce gender roles by criticizing and marginalizing those who behave outside of their assigned roles.

What factor makes caste systems closed?

People cannot change their social standings.

What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor?

Pluralism

Stereotypes can be based on:

Race, ethnicity, gender

What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South?

Separate but equal

The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification:

Serves a purpose in society

Speedy Gonzalez is an example of:

Stereotyping

Of these, which country is thought to be the most liberal in its attitudes toward sex?

Sweden

Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it?

The Bracero Program

Which event created a significant divide between Western Europe/America and the rest of the world?

The Industrial Revolution

The GNI PPP figure represents:

The average annual income of a country's citizens

Misogyny is:

The hatred of or, aversion to, or prejudice against women

How do traditional models of global stratification breakdown different categories of countries?

They analyze the degree of industrialization.

What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States?

They are the only group that experienced expulsion.

(T or F) Prior to the 19th Amendment being ratified, women were not considered a legal person on their own.

True

As a White person in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of:

White privilege

Which of the following is the best example of a gender stereotype?

Women tend to be overly emotional, while men tend to be levelheaded.