SOCIOLOGY FINAL EXAM

Agricultural revolutions

New innovations is farming like mechanized seed spreaders & new techniques of crop rotation were part of what macro-level social change?

Special interest group

Organizations formed expressly to raise & spend money in order to influence elected officials are called?

Social learning

The process of learning behavior & meanings through social interaction is called?

Authoritarianism

A political system that denies ordinary people participation or representation in their government is called?

Racism

A set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group compared to another is?

Women in private sphere & men in the workplace

According to Friedrich Engels, how do capitalists benefit from a patriarchal system?

According to the U.S general accounting office, an employer that violates more than one federal or state labor law concerning wages, overtime, child labor, safety & health, or industrial regulations

Define sweat shop

Transnational corporation

Firms that purposely transcend national boarders so that their products can be manufactured at sites all over the world are called?

Prostitution & runaways

For what two categories of crimes are women more likely to be arrested than men?

Boys get more favored & girls get better grades

How do teachers treat boys & girls differently?

Literally meaning "the rule of the father", male dominated society

How is patriarchy defined?

Smoking

In terms of health & life expectancy, what is "the great equalizer"?

Criminal Justice System

In the United States, legislatures, police, courts, & prisons make up the?

Essentialists

People who see gender as immutable and deriving solely from biology are called?

Charter schools

Public schools that are run by private entities are called?

Early college high schools

Schools that blend high school & college are called?

Feminism

Social movement organized around a belief in the social, political, & economic equality of the sexes are called?

Knowledge worker

Someone who works primarily with info & develops or uses knowledge in the workplace is called?

Resistant strategies

Tactics that let workers take back some degree of control over the conditions in which they work are called?

Autonomy

The ability to direct one's individual destiny is?

Gender identity

The role, traits, & behaviors that are associated with a particular gender are called?

Businesses get increased productivity & fewer sick days

What are the benefits to telecommuting?

Class consciousness

What do sociologists call awareness of our own & others' class statues?

Crime

What do we call norm violations that are codified into law

It instituted limits on secondary strikes & boycotts

What effect did the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 have on unions?

A shop or factory where workers work long hours at low wages under unhealthy conditions

What is a sweat shop?

Disenfranchised

What is it called when a government bars an individual, either temporary or permanently, from voting?

Education

What is the central means by which in society transmits knowledge, values, & expectations to its members?

Independent sector

What is the group of nonprofit organizations that are designed to run as cost effectively as possible & direct any earnings back into the cause they support called?

Social class

What system of stratification is commonly used in capitalist societies?

Instrumental & expressive

What two roles did the structuralist Talcatt Parsons identify within the family?

England

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Union

An association of workers who organize to improve their economic status & working conditions is called?

Expressive roles

According to Talcott Parsons & other functionalists, which role are women better suited for?

Discrimination

An action or behavior that results in the unequal treatment of an individual because of his membership in a racial or ethnic group is called?

Globalization

The cultural & economic changes that results from dramatic increases in international trade & exchange are called?

Socialism

The economic system based on collective ownership of the means of productions & collective distribution of goods & services is called?

Internal colonialism

The exploitation of a minority group within the dominant groups' political boarders is called?

Instrumental

The family member who is task driven, breadwinning, & authoritative is taking the what role?

Differental Association Theory

The individual learn to be deviant by interacting with others who are already deviant is called

It begins early & continues throughout our lives

When does gender roles socialization begins?

Tracking

When students are tested, and the treats results are used to place them in a certain category of classes (remedial, advanced, college prep, etc), this process is called?

Depression

Which of the following disorders occurs more often in women then in men?

Meritocracy

Which of the following is a form of stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit?

It provides what many believes is a superior motivation for innovation & productivity

Which of the following is one of the primary principles of capitalism?

Boys

Who is most likely to be mocked by their peers for violating gender roles?

Women are thought to be weak & need protection

Why are female runaways more likely to be reported as missing by their parents?

They do not improve public education

Why do critics object to school vouchers?

It's cheaper

Why would a company outsource or contract out labor they might otherwise employ their own staff to perform?