Sociology Final Exam

How is prejudice different from discrimination?

Prejudice is an attitude; discrimination is an action.

The belief that all Irish are drunks is an example of:

Prejudice.

What subjects were taught in European universities during the Middle Ages?

law, theology, and medicine

Who led campaigns to end child labor and increase workplace safety?

unions

According to the Department of Labor, in the year 2001, about how many sweatshops were there in the United States?

7,000

In the 1990s, legal researcher Erin Brockovich helped win a lawsuit against Pacific Gas and Electric Company because they had been poisoning the water in the small town of Hinkley, California, for thirty years. Toxic Chromium 6 leached into the water system and sickened many Hinkley residents with ailments like liver damage and cancer. How would the illnesses of the Hinkley residents be classified?

Crisis Diseases

______________ come on suddenly and are often contagious.

Crisis diseases

How do many people hope that the Internet will have a democratic influence on society?

In online interactions, there is no way to see what other people look like.

If you hear someone say that "real men don't eat quiche," what are they talking about?

Gender

Epidemiologists predict that rates of certain diseases or viruses may dramatically increase when vector organisms and animals enter new ecosystems due to global climate change. Which of the following have epidemiologists NOT linked to climate change?

HIV/AIDS

The adhan is the Islamic call to prayer, recited five times each day. This means that, in theory, five times each day every Muslim is doing the exact same thing at the exact same time. What function or dysfunction of religion does the adhan help bring about?

It creates social solidarity.

In 2009 the British government announced that it was cutting costs by transferring more than 100 jobs involving finance and information technology to India. What is this an example of?

Outsourcing

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a minority group?

Minority group members most often believe they are superior to the majority.

The phrase "deadbeat dad" describes a man who isn't married to his children's mother and isn't helping to support his children materially. Why do we almost never talk about "deadbeat moms"?

Mothers usually remain the primary caregiver even when fathers are no longer taking the instrumental role

How do the current demographics of California challenge the way the term "minority" has been used in the past?

NOT California has a much wider variety of racial and ethnic groups than the rest of the country.

How does the birth of children change the gendered division of labor within the household?

NOT It makes the gendered division of labor more traditional in families that were always somewhat traditional, but it has no effect on those who had a more progressive division of labor.

According to the symbolic interactionists Jay Gubrium and Jim Holstein, what form does the family take in contemporary society?

NOT The family is the unit that raises children.

Who is more likely to define unrelated roommates as a family?

Senior citizens

In terms of health and life expectancy, what is "the great equalizer"?

Smoking

Studies of doctor-patient relations find that:

The institutional setting is where doctor-patient relationships occur and that the interactions determine who has power or status.

Within the Christian religion, certain days (Sundays), books (the Christian Bible), and objects (crucifixes) are treated differently than other days, books, and objects. Chapter 10 would say that this different treatment is needed to separate them from:

The profane.

Why are child and elder abuse likely to go unreported?

The victims are relatively powerless.

Which of the following is an advantage cited by supporters of school vouchers?

Vouchers give more choices to parents for their children's education.

Is medicine in the United States a social institution?

Yes, because organizations like the American Medical Association set policy and shape definitions of health and illness throughout the nation.

Some people think it would be funny to sneak into a school parking lot early in the morning, cover it with sand, and add a few fake palm trees and some shells to make it look like a beach. Of course, it would also be a nightmare for those trying to park and for janitors to clean up. Who would be more likely to pull this sort of prank?

a male student

In Great Britain, the government owns the British Broadcasting Corporation, or BBC, which is the world's largest television and radio broadcasting service. This tells you that Great Britain is:

at least partially socialist.

Who is most likely to be mocked by their peers for violating gender norms?

boys

How could new technologies like the Internet decrease the importance of propinquity in mate selection, while preserving or even increasing the importance of homogamy?

by bringing people together from all over the world based on very similar interests or backgrounds

The belief that Asians are genetically predisposed to be more intelligent than Europeans is an example of:

racism.

The concept of acknowledging and incorporating a patient's cultural background as part of the treatment process is called:

cultural competence.

What does research on medical interaction generally take into account?

dyads, triads, and groups in interaction

Schools that blend high school and college are called:

early college high schools.

In the early 1900s, just under 50 percent of births took place at home. Today, around 99 percent of all births take place in hospitals. This is an example of:

medicalization.

What sort of laws prohibited the mixing of racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, or sexual contact?

miscegenation laws

Today when we think of our families, who are we LEAST likely to think about?

our uncle

When an epidemic spreads across national borders, across continents, or around the world, it is referred to as a(n) ________________.

pandemic

Societies that encourage racial and ethnic diversity have embraced the value of:

pluralism.

Robert is walking down the street late at night when a man in a ski mask suddenly sticks a gun in his face and takes his wallet. Sociologists would say that Robert's mugger had ____________ but not ____________.

power; authority

When someone of Irish ancestry who doesn't typically identify as Irish in everyday life puts on a green hat, drinks green beer, and wears a "Kiss me, I'm Irish" T-shirt on St. Patrick's Day, it is an example of:

symbolic ethnicity.

Sociologists who examine the ways gender is constructed and maintained in our everyday lives tend to come from which school of social theory?

symbolic interactionism

Think about the process by which athletic shoes are made. Which part of the global commodity chain for these shoes would you be most surprised to find in Indonesia?

the advertising firm that scripted the commercial

These days, many customer service representatives we talk to over the phone are based in India. Which of the following terms applies to this phenomenon?

the death of distance

Women are more likely than men to live in poverty, a situation often referred to as:

the feminization of poverty.

What technological development is most associated with the Information Revolution?

the microchip

A sociologist tells you that she believes that "the owners and top-level managers in large income-producing properties are far and away the dominant power figures in the United States" because "their corporations, banks, and agribusinesses come together as a corporate community that dominates the federal government." What concept is being described here?

the power elite

Which of the following seems to make people more likely to define a group as a family?

the presence of children

The economy is not only about money, but also about:

the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

Which area of the economy has seen increases in union membership since the early 1970s?

the public sector

When a man is angry at the amount of alimony his ex-wife receives, even though she didn't earn any money when they were married, he reminds us that:

the social rewards for filling the expressive and instrumental roles are not equal.

From a symbolic interactionist perspective, what is the most important way schools socialize children into their gender identities?

through interactions between teachers and students

Kim Jong Il and his father, Kim Il Sung, Korea's current and former leader, have both restricted the basic human rights of their subjects. What type of government does North Korea have?

totalitarian

There are a number of derogatory terms in the United States for members of minority groups who have assimilated. "Oreo," "twinkie," and "coconut" are all rude terms for people who are one color on the outside but "white on the inside"—that is, people whose behavior doesn't match their skin color. What term embodies these insults?

NOT discrimination

What do sociologists call the tendency to marry someone from a different background?

NOT endogamy

Under what circumstances are parents more likely to have joint custody of their children after a divorce?

NOT when they are homosexual

According to Randall Collins, our educational system is much like a "tribal initiation rite," a "secret society," or a "closed occupational caste," not a rational system that produces more efficient production but a mechanism for:

Reproducing the existing class structure.

Why might a third-wave feminist be annoyed with members of the second wave for talking about how women needed access to jobs and careers, like those available to men, that would give their lives meaning?

Second-wave feminists hid the differences between women, so the concerns of women of color, lesbians, and lower-class women tended to be marginalized.

In 2005 teaching assistants at the University of Oregon went on strike. What feature of their job made it easier for them to strike than most American workers?

Their jobs can't be moved overseas.

Which of the following is an effect of food deserts for minorities?

There is higher risk of diabetes, obesity, and heart disease.

What are the positive consequences of racial and ethnic categories?

They create a sense of identity and lead to feelings of solidarity.

What is the most extreme form of authoritarianism called?

totalitarianism