Sociology Final Exam
Amir was telling Janus about the situation of Ahmed, a former high-school classmate. Janus, who is taking a sociology of education course exclaims, "It doesn't surprise me—it's one of the iron laws." What did Amir disclose to Janus? a. Ahmed, whose parents had to borrow money for his tuition, had dropped out of university. b. Ahmed, who grew up in a series of foster homes, had been awarded a four-year scholarship to Princeton. c. Ahmed, who was raised by his mom, was receiving the highest marks in all of his courses. d. Ahmed, who received a large weekly allowance from his parents, was failing almost every one of his classes, since he'd rather party than study.
Ahmed, whose parents had to borrow money for his tuition, had dropped out of university.
What are the consequences of media crime reporting for the average Canadian? a. Canadians are reassured that the police are effective. b. Canadians underestimate the amount of crime in their neighbourhoods. c. Canadians overestimate the amount of crime in their communities. d. Canadians take drastic measures to be safer.
Canadians overestimate the amount of crime in their communities.
When Justin was asked to define deviance to his classmates, which statement would he make? a. Deviance is behaviour that involves breaking a law and is punished. b. Deviance is norm or rule breaking behaviour to which sanctions are generally imposed. c. Deviance is behaviour for which punishment has been agreed upon. d. Deviance is behaviour that is defined and promoted by the media.
Deviance is norm or rule breaking behaviour to which sanctions are generally imposed.
What is a global commodity chain? a. a form of global trade designed to minimize tariffs for importers of products b. a global system of stores or franchises, such as McDonald's restaurants c. a worldwide network of labour and production resulting in a finished product d. a form of marketing with the goal of taking a product to as many countries as possible
a worldwide network of labour and production resulting in a finished product
Which statement best reflects a reality of present-day financial capital? a. It has been labelled "casino capitalism." b. It has taken a secondary role in the financial system. c. It has become more prominent with globalization. d. It has not kept up with the growth of production and trade.
a. It has been labelled "casino capitalism."
According to John Hagan's typology, which of the following individuals would be charged with committing a conflict crime? a. Jasmine, who sold "sexual favours" in order to get money to support her drug addiction b. Brian, who savagely raped his wife c. Jolene, who hired a hit man to murder her boyfriend d. Benjamin, who left the pharmacy with oxycodone tablets after threatening the pharmacist with a knife
a. Jasmine, who sold "sexual favours" in order to get money to support her drug addiction
Which of the following is demonstrated by the fact that health risks are always unevenly distributed in a population based on social class, gender, age, ethnicity, and rural-urban residence? a. Social forces shape susceptibility to disease and health. b. Disease and health are randomly attributed to people. c. Health and disease are biologically based. d. Certain populations have genetic predispositions to disease while others do not.
a. Social forces shape susceptibility to disease and health.
Martisha was asked by her friend to explain the perspective of instrumentalist Marxists as simply as possible. What would Martisha assert? a. The state is a tool that big business uses to further its own capitalist agenda. b. Elites are found in every society and are not a structural requirement of capitalism. c. The military elite are necessary to ensure safety and security for all citizens. d. The state enjoys autonomy vis-à-vis the capitalist classes and the elites.
a. The state is a tool that big business uses to further its own capitalist agenda.
What can we conclude about official crime statistics? a. They underestimate the actual amount of crime. b. They are generally unreliable numbers. c. They overestimate the actual amount of crime. d. They are an accurate reflection of crime.
a. They underestimate the actual amount of crime.
What was life like for the average peasant under feudalism? a. Work and leisure were not clearly separated. b. People produced much more than they needed. c. The peasantry had a significant division of labour. d. Most peasants made tools and a variety of goods.
a. Work and leisure were not clearly separated.
Shaniqua asked her sociology classmate Denise where she lived in the city. Denise, having just finished a class that discussed the concentric zone model of urbanization replied, "I live in zone 3." What type of neighbourhood does Denise live in? a. a working-class neighbourhood b. a neighbourhood of cheap housing, pawn shops, and second-hand stores c. a typical suburban neighbourhood d. a business district with residential apartments above the stores
a. a working-class neighbourhood
Two friends are discussing aging and disability, when the one says, "Look, I don't care who you are, Bill Gates or a bag lady, the longer you live, the more likely you are to get sick." Which of hypothesis best matches this argument? a. age as leveller b. functional disability c. compression of morbidity d. hierarchy stress
a. age as leveller
Thomas was pulled over by a police officer and, after a breathalyzer, was charged with impaired driving. Thomas appeared in court two weeks later. He was fined $600 and his license was suspended for a year. Which state institutions did Thomas personally encounter as a result of this incident? a. coercive apparatus and judiciary b. judiciary and executive c. media and judiciary d. media and the bureaucracy
a. coercive apparatus and judiciary
Paul and Mary were having a heated political discussion and Paul asserted "Sure, the United States is a democracy—but just remember that democracy means mob rule by the power elites." Who was Paul referring to? a. corporate, political, and military leaders b. CEOs, union leaders, and judges c. socialists, pluralists, and democrats d. bureaucrats, statisticians, and elected officials
a. corporate, political, and military leaders
Marcus drives his family crazy—going around and turning off lights, lecturing his brother on recycling, and instructing his mother on how to use less water and hydro when doing laundry. But when he is with his friends, Marcus discusses his ongoing purchases of computer monitors, keyboards, and the 54-inch LED television that replaces his 42-inch LCD purchase of last year. What is Marcus demonstrating? a. different framing of environmental issues and problems b. environmentally friendly attitude and approach c. command and control approach to environmental issues and problems d. consequences of the resource curse
a. different framing of environmental issues and problems
David's course assignment was to investigate the connections between human beings and nature and the impact one has on the other. What class was David enrolled in? a. environmental sociology b. alternative environmental studies c. geophysical sociology d. organic sociology
a. environmental sociology
After their wedding, Lisa and Dan moved into a trendy downtown condominium complex within walking distance of work, restaurants, and nightlife venues. Five years and two children later, they are now looking for a home in the suburbs, close to schools and sports facilities. Which theory would explain Lisa and Dan's residential choices? a. environmental-opportunity b. demographic 'transition c. postmodern d. lifestyle-choice
a. environmental-opportunity
Kristopher was in charge of inventory and realized that his company was producing more product than the market could consume in a year. This was still true despite opening trade with China and India last year. What is the term for this situation? a. excess global capacity b. global recession c. global oversupply d. diminished global demand
a. excess global capacity
In Costa Rica, several small-scale coffee growers formed a cooperative (with an affordable microcredit loan). Today they sell their coffee directly, having cut out the middlemen. What kind of coffee are they selling? a. fair-trade coffee b. wage parity coffee c. free trade coffee d. no-name coffee
a. fair-trade coffee
What were the important elements in the development of preindustrial cities? a. literacy, food surpluses, and technological innovation b. education, sports, recreation, and leisure c. sewage systems, running water, pest control d. civic responsibility, defensive systems, and taxes
a. literacy, food surpluses, and technological innovation
According to Engels, what two factors were the foundations of the nuclear family? a. male control of property and female fidelity b. male strength and female weakness c. biology of reproduction and maternal instincts d. biological determinism and family values
a. male control of property and female fidelity
Paulo moved from rural Argentina into Buenos Aires to look for work. He was unable to find work or affordable housing, so without buying land he built a small shack where other people were doing the same thing. Some called the area a "slum," while Paulo called it home. What urban phenomenon was Paulo a victim of? a. overurbanization b. sheltered migration c. peri-urbanization d. urban sprawl
a. overurbanization
In a classroom discussion on education, Chandra extols the virtues of schools and how they promote the values that are integral to a universal and meritocratic society. Which sociological perspective has Chandra adopted? a. structural-functionalist b. social inegalitarianist c. symbolic interactionist d. conflict
a. structural-functionalist
Toulin maintains the belief that Canada is a heterogeneous society comprising several centres of power and many competing interests. Which position has she adopted? a. that of pluralist theorists b. that of elite theorists c. that of sociological theorists d. that of Marxist theorists
a. that of pluralist theorists
Why was the Compassionate Care program established in 2004? a. to provide monetary assistance to Canadians who are caring for a seriously ill family member b. to collect donations that would be dispersed to seriously ill Canadians needing financial assistance c. to raise funds that would provide medical assistance to children in developing nations d. to provide additional funding to hospitals and long-term care facilities
a. to provide monetary assistance to Canadians who are caring for a seriously ill family member
In an effort to encourage investment, the president of Country X reduced tariffs, making the country more attractive to Company Y, which came in and built a large factory. Company Y used local, cheap labour, but made a product these people could not afford to buy. The product was shipped to Country Z, where citizens could purchase and enjoy the new product. What term refers to this set of relationships between countries? a. top-down globalization b. global market forces c. bottom-up globalization d. global demand forces
a. top-down globalization
While Marcelo was playing at the park, he picked flowers to make a bouquet for his mother. Rather than scolding him for removing the flowers from a public garden, she praised his efforts and encouraged him to pick more. Which concept best describes this type of behaviour? a. tragedy of the commons b. personal environmental tragedy c. environmental injustice d. risk society thesis
a. tragedy of the commons
Shelagh met her husband online. They only met three times face-to-face before marrying, but they felt they had built a strong relationship. Which global phenomenon is this an example of? a. virtual community b. time-space compression c. digital divide d. digital union
a. virtual community
According to deterrence theory, when will law-violating behaviour be low? a. when punishment for law-breaking behaviour is severe, certain, and quick b. when prisoners are executed without stays or delays c. when alternatives to incarceration, such as community service, are mandated d. when guilty persons are incarcerated without recreation or rehabilitation
a. when punishment for law-breaking behaviour is severe, certain, and quick
After the birth of their child, Bonnie returned to her well-paid sales position while Matt stayed home to raise Devon. Which statement best describes their family situation? a. Bonnie is performing the expressive role and Matt is performing the instrumental role. b. Bonnie is performing the instrumental role and Matt is performing the expressive role c. Bonnie is performing a conventional gender role and Matt is performing an unconventional gender role. d. Bonnie is performing an unconventional gender role and Matt is performing a conventional gender role.
b. Bonnie is performing the instrumental role and Matt is performing the expressive role
Darien is adamantly opposed to privatizing the healthcare system in Canada. When asked the reason for his stance, which of the following would he offer? a. It will result in a decline in the quality of healthcare services. b. It will result in inequality of access to healthcare. c. It will result in longer waits for those with a higher socioeconomic status. d. It will result in fewer jobs for those in the healthcare profession.
b. It will result in inequality of access to healthcare.
Simon makes a point of visiting his great-grandparents, Boris and Olga, every week to do some household chores that they are no longer capable of doing because they're in their late 80s. He routinely enquires about their health and has noticed a difference in the responses they each offer. According to the text, what would he most likely be noticing? a. Boris has extreme difficulty doing any physical activity, and Olga is as spry as she was two decades earlier. b. Olga talks about her bad back and high blood pressure, Boris about his diabetes regimen. c. Boris is extremely less healthy than Olga is. d. Olga complains about her heart problems, and Boris suffers greatly from allergies.
b. Olga talks about her bad back and high blood pressure, Boris about his diabetes regimen.
Maria, Katrina, and Susan all decided to have one child each and fonned a "play group" so their children would have socializing opportunities with their peers. Which social problem does the fact that none of these women had more children contribute to? a. Single children have socialization challenges. b. Population replacement levels are not met. c. Women's desire for children removes them from the workplace. d. Family socialization has less impact.
b. Population replacement levels are not met.
At the dinner table, a heated conversation centred on a discussion of the worldwide effects of religion. When the meal was over, Mario's parting comment was, "Well that's the paradox of religious life." What did Mario mean? a. Religious life is both true and false. b. Religious life can both enrich and destroy social life. c. A soul can be both redeemed and damned. d. Belief exists without rational verification.
b. Religious life can both enrich and destroy social life.
Rahminder works in real estate, selling homes and helping people find rental properties. He works long hours and often on the weekends. However, he is fortunate in that he has kept his job through the last two recessions. According to the text, why has his employment not been affected by the recessions in Canada? a. Flexibility in work hours is valuable. b. Service-sector jobs are more recession-proof. c. People always need a home, regardless of the economic climate. d. Hard workers are less likely to lose their jobs.
b. Service-sector jobs are more recession-proof.
Scott was playing a game of Jeopardy with his friends, and the answer was "a delicate threshold where a slight rise in the Earth's temperature can cause a dramatic change in the environment that triggers a far greater increase in global temperatures." What was the correct question? a. What is climate change? b. What is a tipping point? c. What is a global crisis? d. What is an environmental hazard?
b. What is a tipping point?
Which statement best describes life expectancies? a. Men and women have roughly the same life expectancies. b. Women tend to live longer than men. c. Married men tend to live longer than unmarried women. d. Men tend to live longer than women.
b. Women tend to live longer than men.
Which of the following can be described as "sets of intimate social relationships that people create to share resources to ensure their welfare and that of their dependants"? a. an outdated definition of families b. a definition of families c. a definition of family d. a traditional definition of the extended family
b. a definition of families
When did a clear distinction between the public sphere of work and the private realm of family emerge? a. in preindustrial times b. at the time of industrialization c. following World War II and women's entry into the labour force d. following the women's movement of the 1960s
b. at the time of industrialization
At a rally in Smalltown, Canada, Ryan spoke at great length about the unjust treatment of the employees at the ABC factory, such as eight-hour shifts with no breaks, the mandatory 12-to-14 hour workdays, and the negative impacts on family life. Although Taliba did not work at the factory, Ryan was raising issues of direct concern to her because both her father and brother worked there. Why would Taliba join this protest? a. as a preventive measure b. because of frame alignment c. because of Ryan's impassioned plea d. as a result of the Marxist arguments
b. because of frame alignment
Kevin, a middle-aged man, takes scrupulously good care of himself and says he wants to live to a ripe old age and burn like an incandescent light bulb: it functions at 100 percent capacity then suddenly "flames out." Which term best describes what Kevin is talking about? a. morbidity-delayed hypothesis b. compression of morbidity hypothesis c. age as leveller hypothesis d. multiple jeopardy hypothesis
b. compression of morbidity hypothesis
The thesis for Vanessa's term paper is that schools are stratified in ways that reflect the hierarchies of the workplace inasmuch as they teach youth punctuality, compliance, and how to internalize the orders and expectations of authority figures. Which theoretical perspective is Vanessa using? a. feminism b. conflict c. structural functionalism d. symbolic interactionism
b. conflict
A young couple went to China to teach English as a foreign language and were discovered by a marketing agent who was selling Western-style wedding packages. Soon they were featured on billboards and in magazines, and the company's sales skyrocketed as many young Chinese couples ditched a traditional wedding in favour of what was being advertiseD. According to the text, what term refers to this process? a. globalization b. cultural imperialism c. backlash d. westernization
b. cultural imperialism
Atheist author, lecturer, scientific naturalist, and evolutionary apologist Richard Dawkins gives a lecture in which he espouses the view that humanity was not created by a supernatural being, but that humans can still be moral and have purpose and meaning in their lives. What label best fits Dawkins's views? a. naturalism b. humanism c. animism d. egocentrism
b. humanism
Mike is a graduate student working toward a PhD in sociology. For his graduate thesis he is researching the digital divide. What will be the focus of his paper? a. new technological business methods used for opinion polling b. inequality of access to advanced forms of electronic communication c. the unprecedented access to computers d. the increased cost of doing business with computer technology
b. inequality of access to advanced forms of electronic communication
Andrea argues that impoverished First Nations women experience a triple jeopardy in their risk for diabetes. What is Andrea using as the basis for her argument? a. feminist theory b. intersectionality hypothesis c. mental health perspective d. medicalization theory
b. intersectionality hypothesis
Sally was six months pregnant and having a glass of wine at a bar. She was aware that people were disapproving of her drinking, which made her so angry that she thought, "I'll give them something to really condemn me for" and went outside to smoke a cigarette. What kind of a social theorist would be most interested in studying this escalation of deviant behaviour? a. stigma theorist b. labelling theorist c. gender theorist d. family theorist
b. labelling theorist
Anton has adopted a Marxist perspective of the education system. Which of the following would he argue is an example of the hidden curriculum in school? a. planning a field trip to a factory b. lining up to go out for recess c. giving out homework d. treating all students equally
b. lining up to go out for recess
The congregation was facing declining membership and realized that if the trend continued, they would soon be faced with problems paying the mortgage on the building. In order to attract new members, they implemented a variety of programs such as free childcare while parents were attending services, free week-long summer camps for school-aged children of members, and a variety of youth programs throughout the year. What model did this congregation adopt to increase their membership? a. secular b. market c. capitalist d. industrial
b. market
Basel Gupta is employed by a temporary employment agency and works at two separate job sites in order to get full-time hours. Which best identifies the kind of employment Basel has? a. full-time b. nonstandard c. part-time d. flexible
b. nonstandard
In 2011, the New Democratic Party formed the official opposition in Parliament for the first time in Canadian history. Which theory can be supported by this evidence? a. Marxist b. power-balance c. elitist d. state-centred
b. power-balance
Sasha had never thought of herself as an activist until she had a tour of the public school located in an upscale neighbourhood of her city. After seeing the state-of-the-art computer lab, she became outraged that the school her daughter attended did not even have a computer in the classrooms. Consequently, she organized a parents' group to petition the school board for funding in order to construct a computer lab in their neighbourhood public school. Which concept could be used in order to understand Sasha's actions? a. resource mobilization b. relative deprivation c. civil citizenship d. political citizenship
b. relative deprivation
While researching for his term paper, Jordan found studies which demonstrated that the numbers of people claiming no religious affiliation was growing over the years. But what perplexed him was the research that showed the numbers of people claiming religious affiliation were growing as well. What term describes this coincidental growth in both the pro-religion and no-religion categories? a. secularization phenomenon b. religious polarization c. spiritual renewal and decay d. religiosity divide
b. religious polarization
As science has pushed back the boundaries of religious explanation, and as democracy has assumed authority in the state through the rule of law, pushing Church authority further into the background, sociologists have hypothesized a thesis for the Church's waning influence. Which term best frames this theoretical concept? a. scientific thesis b. secularization thesis c. reformation thesis d. atheism thesis
b. secularization thesis
Evelyn starts high school and finds level one courses challenging; instead, she takes a collection of level two and level three courses in order to graduate. However, when she goes to apply to university, she can't get admitted because she hasn't taken enough level one courses. What term best describes the consequences for Evelyn's future educational plans? a. processing b. streaming c. sorting d. prioritizing
b. streaming
The Buckminster Fuller Institute sponsored a corporate challenge to "make the world work for 100 percent of humanity" and asked for submissions outlining proposed industry strategies to address environmental concerns. What was the Institute advocating? a. alternative environmental design b. sustainable development c. modern science system d. conquer nature program
b. sustainable development
Harold is an environmentally conscious individual, and every December he keeps his exterior Christmas lights to a minimum. This year he found a half-price sale on outdoor high-efficiency LED Christmas lights, purchased 20 packages, and decorated every tree and shrub in his yard. What has impacted Harold's behaviour? a. front-of-the-mind issue of trying to out-decorate his neighbours b. the effect known as Jevon's paradox c. corporate sales and greenwashing d. reframing of environmental issues
b. the effect known as Jevon's paradox
Samuel was a business student taking a mandatory sociology class for his degree. What would he say if asked to explain one area of focus of neoliberal policies? a. to increase protection for workers and the environment b. the reduction of state control and regulation of domestic capital markets c. to increase spending by, and social responsibility of, the state d. the reduction of individual responsibility for one's health and education
b. the reduction of state control and regulation of domestic capital markets
Sixty years ago, Evelyn and Alvin were married and they purchased a farm that was seven kilometres from Alvin's parents. Now their children are married and living in various locations around the world—British Columbia, Alaska, and Switzerland. To keep in touch with their grandchildren and great-grandchildren, they've purchased a computer with a webcam and Skype or send emails. What have Evelyn and Alvin experienced over their lifetime? a. global family b. time-space compression c. expanding network d. time-space continuum
b. time-space compression
Dasha joined the Gay Pride March in Ottawa. She marched not because she is gay, but because she believes that everyone has rights that must be acknowledged and respected. Which concept is she supporting? a. social citizenship b. universal citizenship c. civil citizenship d. political citizenship
b. universal citizenship
Katie worked as the payroll manager for a large company. As a result of numerous personal losses at the casino, she started to issue paycheques to nonexistent employees, which she then auto-deposited into bank accounts that she had strategically opened. What type of crime is Katie guilty of? a. corporate white-washing b. white-collar c. blue-collar d. mala prohibita
b. white-collar
Which group benefits the most when the working class is cohesive? a. businesses b. women c. politicians d. men
b. women
Two people suffer from insomnia. One joins a yoga class to relax as a treatment for insomnia, while the second person goes to a doctor and gets sleeping pills. Which statement best describes the attitude of the second person? a. Insomnia is a stress-related condition. b. Insomnia is a genetic disorder. c. Insomnia has been medicalized. d. Insomnia is a psychological problem.
c. Insomnia has been medicalized.
According to your text, what can be said about the phenomenon of climate change? a. It is a truth that is reflected in people's environmental attitudes and behaviours. b. It is a popular truth as established through the mass media. c. It is a scientifically established truth. d. It is an indisputable truth.
c. It is a scientifically established truth.
In class, Jake was asked, "What is a family?" His answer was "A guy and a gal who get hitched and then have rugrats." What can be said about Jake's definition? a. It is a modernized version of an extended family. b. Although crass, it is an inclusive version of modern-day families. c. It is a standard, historical mode of a family. d. It is a modern definition of families.
c. It is a standard, historical mode of a family
What have observers pondered in light of increasing corporate strength? a. Analysts note that their national governments have responded by placing more restrictions on the corporations. b. Some analysts feel that the corporations' ability to produce goods has been hampered. c. Many analysts have begun to wonder if globalization means the end of the state system. d. Analysts believe the corporations' ability to provide higher quality consumer goods to more people has increased.
c. Many analysts have begun to wonder if globalization means the end of the state system.
At the dinner table, conversation focused on Canada's recent government proposal to increase immigration numbers. Robert's father was opposed, stating "They're just going to be a drain on our healthcare system." Robert interjected that they will probably be healthier than a number of Canadian-born citizens. Why would Robert assert this? a. Immigrants tend to have overall healthier lifestyles. b. Potential immigrants are more interested in holistic medicine than organized healthcare. c. Potential immigrants must meet a minimum health standard prior to being allowed into Canada. d. Immigrants generally come from countries with healthcare systems superior to that found in Canada.
c. Potential immigrants must meet a minimum health standard prior to being allowed into Canada.
Trina, adopting a functionalist perspective, would argue which of the following to be a function of schooling that results in a benefit to society? a. Schools are necessary for religious indoctrination due to a societal loss of a moral compass. b. Schooling results in students internalizing traditional societal values. c. Schooling results in people becoming more progressive, tolerant, and willing to embrace diversity. d. Schools are a place where obedience to authority is established.
c. Schooling results in people becoming more progressive, tolerant, and willing to embrace diversity.
Anneliese worked hard to protest the plans for a new shopping mall about to be built on parkland. She convinced 1,000 people to demonstrate against the proposal and ultimately the mall was built in another location, not on parkland. What had Anneliese successfully created? a. a popular protest b. anarchy c. a social movement d. authority
c. a social movement
What prompted the concentration of economic power in Toronto and Montreal? a. their proximity to the U.S. market b. U.S. and British financial elites c. capital institutions located in cities d. growth of nearby factory towns
c. capital institutions located in cities
Building on Weber's analysis of bureaucracies, George Ritzer argues that society is now undergoing McDonaldization—a new kind of rationalization process. Which of the following is NOT a component of McDonaldization? a. predictability b. control systems c. capitulation d. efficiency
c. capitulation
A person wants to convert to a new religion, and is told by a catechist (a teacher of the faith) that a convert must demonstrate an active baptism, hold dear the tenets of the faith, attend church regularly, and believe in the soul's eternal nature. Which term best describes the catechist's teaching? a. tenets of the faith b. tenets of religiosity c. dimensions of religiosity d. dimensions of conversion
c. dimensions of religiosity
At a fast-food burger joint, workers are exclusively assigned some of the following tasks: a chipper who fries potatoes, a flipper who grills meat patties, and a condiment person who puts garnish on buns. What is the common sociological term for the way this establishment is organized? a. job task ordering b. job title hierarchy c. division of labour d. split duty assignments
c. division of labour
Jack is a 67-year-old male who has constant pain caused by arthritis. He used to play guitar on the weekends in a seniors' band, but he can't play anymore because of his condition. What term best describes Jack's impairment? a. chronic pain syndrome b. debilitating illness c. functional disability d. chronic condition
c. functional disability
Eduardo spent his early life eating a high-fat diet, not exercising, and getting obese, which led to a severe stroke in his mid-50s. He is now confined to wheelchair, with a short-term prognosis of more strokes. Which theory best explains Eduardo's condition? a. life-expectancy model b. hierarchy stress perspective c. life course perspective d. age as leveller hypothesis
c. life course perspective
Homeless people are a constituency largely without a voice. However, until an organization such as Canada Without Poverty can coherently organize this constituency to become an effective source for change, the poor will remain poor. Which theoretical perspective would endorse this statement? a. state-centred theory b. power-balance theory c. resource-mobilization theory d. relative-deprivation theory
c. resource-mobilization theory
In which sector do we find the jobs that are in the lower tier of the service sector? a. public and social services b. finance and business services c. retail trade and food services d. utilities and health services
c. retail trade and food services
A Canadian high school student's family moves to a foreign country for a couple of years. The student notices that the system has more specialized schools, which students enter earlier: some for specific vocations, others for academics. What term best defines this country's school structure? a. aptitude selection b. contest mobility c. sponsored mobility d. interest selection
c. sponsored mobility
The local Member of Parliament voted against a proposed new tax on corporations because she believed that such a tax might cause some companies to move their operations out of the country, and the government could be held responsible for lost jobs. Which analysis of the situation would the MP's reasoning represent? a. pluralist b. instrumentalist c. structuralist d. elitist
c. structuralist
Manon lives outside the city and commutes into downtown for work. On her way, her train passes through middle-class and working-class neighbourhoods, as well as an area where drug dealers control the streets. According to Ernest Burgess, how might one analyze the progression Manon sees out her window? a. with the help of the cityscape model b. with the help of the multiple-nuclei model c. with the help of the concentric-zone model d. with the help of the Neo-Marxist class model
c. with the help of the concentric-zone model
Troy and Tabitha are required to apply human capital theory in an analysis of the Canadian education system. Which of the following research questions would they use? a. Is education one of the most capital-intensive organizations in society? b. Is there a relationship between the students' socioeconomic background and school grades? c. Do schools encourage a competitive climate that teaches students to work harder? d. Does schooling maximize skills and generate wealth for individuals and society?
d. Does schooling maximize skills and generate wealth for individuals and society?
When Gina moved to her new home, her neighbour came over to welcome her to the neighbourhood and brought her a small housewarming gift. Which theoretical concept is the behaviour of the neighbour exemplifying? a. Gesellschaft b. urban enclave camaraderie c. neighbourhood socialization d. Gem einschaft
d. Gem einschaft
Petar was discussing the American "Declare Yourself" television commercials and campaign with a few of his friends. He explained that the goal was to encourage the participation of people in the electoral process. When asked why this was necessary, what would he respond? a. The United States has a compulsory voting system. b. The United States requires that you declare who you will be voting for prior to the election so that predictions can be made regarding election outcomes. c. The United States wants to maintain its distinction of having the highest voter turnout in Western countries. d. The United States has a smaller pool of eligible voters than other democracies due to its law that requires citizens to register themselves before an election.
d. The United States has a smaller pool of eligible voters than other democracies due to its law that requires citizens to register themselves before an election.
In their weekly study group, Leonid and his fellow sociology students were discussing the social benefits of gentrification. Leonid asserted, "We mustn't forget that there are also negatives associated with gentrification." When asked to give an example of what he meant, which of the following would he offer? a. Older architecture would be preserved, making the area look old. b. Construction companies would focus on renovating old homes rather than meeting the demand for new structures. c. Old homes would be converted with updated materials and fixtures. d. The increased real estate prices and rents for old homes would force out poor residents.
d. The increased real estate prices and rents for old homes would force out poor residents.
The film The King's Speech is about King George VI and his efforts to remove the stutter from his speech. Why would the King go to a speech therapist? a. Stuttering is a symbolic deviance. b. Stuttering was linked to low intelligence. c. A stutter is considered mala in se. d. There is a social stigma attached to stuttering.
d. There is a social stigma attached to stuttering.
According to the text, what trend is evident among mega-churches in the United States and Canada? a. They have not been able to compete with TV evangelists. b. They can no longer make ends meet because of poor attendance. c. They have been closing and their properties are being sold. d. They make it more difficult for smaller congregations to attract members.
d. They make it more difficult for smaller congregations to attract members.
Brian refused to donate money to the Somali famine relief fund. When asked why he was so miserly, his response was that famines and pestilence were nature's way of controlling population growth because people wouldn't take responsibility for the number of children they were producing. Whose perspective does Brian's point of view reflect? a. Karl Marx b. Jeremy Bentham c. Julian Simon d. Thomas Malthus
d. Thomas Malthus
Jack was charged with assisting his terminally ill wife to commit suicide. According to John Hagan's typology, what type of illegal behaviour did Jack commit? a. an immoral crime b. a crime mala in se c. a consensus crime d. a crime mala prohibita
d. a crime mala prohibita
Turning off the television, Sara commented to her roommate, "That's a result of International Monetary Fund policies." What had Sara been watching that would make her say this? a. a report on the social programs being implemented in Nicaragua b. a feature film on the increasing price subsidies and capital market regulations in Uganda c. a news broadcast that reported a dramatic narrowing of the gap between the rich and poor in Tanzania d. a documentary of a village in Chile where residents cannot afford water since the privatization of their water system
d. a documentary of a village in Chile where residents cannot afford water since the privatization of their water system
A novice born-again Christian attends a charismatic prayer group. The small group stands to pray, then someone starts to speak in tongues, and the whole group starts singing in unison. The novice feels a transcendent presence. Which terms defines this social phenomenon? a. collective delusion b. collective projection c. collective sacredness d. collective conscience
d. collective conscience
In Panjim, Goa, India, businesses and government leaders who are anxious to attract investment offer multinational corporations incentives to build factories. These incentives may include free land in an industrial park, lower tax rates, lower power rates, and nonunionized workers. What are places such as Panjim called? a. business development zones b. labour intensity areas c. fair-trade zones d. export processing zones
d. export processing zones
Reverend Fred Phelps speaks fiercely from the pulpit about the passing of the law allowing same-sex marriage and the inevitable consequence of a morally decaying society. He beseeches the congregation to stand with him in the promotion of family values—cooperation and interdependence—which makes the home a haven for husbands and children. Which theoretical perspective is Phelps arguing from? a. conflict b. idealist c. feminist d. functionalist
d. functionalist
Rebecca is hurriedly packing up her house because the new owners want to move in before the end of the month. As she is cleaning up the basement, she finds a dozen old, half-filled cans of paint. Although Rebecca regularly recycles, she throws the paint cans into garbage bags rather than taking them to a toxic waste site. Which concept would explain Rebecca's actions? a. risk-prone behaviour b. front-of-the-mind environment rationalization c. environmental apathy d. future discounting
d. future discounting
Carla learned that the T-shirts being sold for $25 at a soccer match were made in a sweatshop by women making $1 per day. She organized some friends to protest the T-shirt sales and the day became a protest against sweatshops. What other label could we give this protest? a. global awareness campaign b. globalization from above c. global disruption d. globalization from below
d. globalization from below
Tom stayed out until 3 a.m. with his new friend Jack, who was a member of the local street gang. Tom's parents were so afraid he would join the gang that they grounded him for the rest of the school year and sent him to his uncle's farm to work for the summer. According to the text, which theory was the basis for this harsh punishment for staying out late? a. removal theory b. overprotection theory c. gang-prevention measures d. moral panic
d. moral panic
People who need to see a physiotherapist on a referral from their doctor can wait to see one for free at a hospital. However, many people who have private health insurance or who can afford it go to a clinic and pay cash for their services. What is the term for the health care offered at the clinic? a. insurance-sponsored service b. cost-recovery service c. clinical service d. privatized service
d. privatized service
Ibrahim was a religious man, but not a rich man. He would sometimes give money to people on the street, and then have no money left to buy food for his dinner. According to Weber, what approach would researchers have to take in order to understand why Ibrahim gave away his money? a. interview those Ibrahim saw as less fortunate b. learn about Ibrahim's religion c. understand the power of religion d. put themselves in Ibrahim's shoes
d. put themselves in Ibrahim's shoes
In his economics class, Judson learned that countries that are rich in resources have slower-growing economies and greater inequality than countries that are resource poor. What term describes this phenomenon? a. resource contingency b. political dysfunction c. environmental injustice d. resource curse
d. resource curse
Ivan, age 55, treats himself for a variety of minor chronic complaints, and he consults with doctors, physiotherapists, massage therapists, and nutritionists. What term describes what Ivan is doing? a. self-awareness b. self-improvement c. self-preservation d. self-care
d. self-care
Peninah is chatting with her friend Suzanne and when asked about her new job, Peninah launches into a dialogue about her high salary and the opportunity to work her way up the ladder. She also mentions the challenges of multiple projects and the freedom she has to set her own lunch hours and break times. What is Peninah describing? a. a blue-collar job b. an entry-level position c. self-employment d. the intrinsic and extrinsic rewards of her employment
d. the intrinsic and extrinsic rewards of her employment
Wei, an exchange student from China, was called upon to give an example of an externality that she experienced in her homeland. Which of the following would she cite? a. the decreasing number of persons afflicted with SARS b. the increasing number of postsecondary graduates c. government statistics showing an increasing unemployment rate d. weather bureau warnings against exercising outdoors
d. weather bureau warnings against exercising outdoors