SOCIOLOGY FINAL EXAM

in which century did the Industrial Revolution begin? a. 1600s b. 1700s c. 1800s d. 1900s

1700s

propinquity

is the tendency to marry or have relationships with people in close geographic proximity

anti-miscegenation laws

laws making it illegal to marry someone of a different race

sweatshops

less then standard wage and long hours, child labor

"family" US Census Bureau

living in the same household

unions

memberships have declined and cant collectively bargain because of lack

Milwaukee has over 500,000 inhabitants. What type of city is this according to demographers? a. megacity b. metropolitan statistical area (MSA) c. metropolis d. global city

metropolis

Symbolic Interactionism

microlevel orientation that is how people interact within their group and how they interact with people and attach meaning

Due to an oil boom, North Dakota has experienced the greatest population increase among all of the states in the United States in the recent past. Which demographic variable explains this? a. migration b. fertility c. life span d. mortality

migration

Before the United States invaded Iraq, about 5.5 people out of every thousand would die each year according to a controversial study published in the British medical journal The Lancet. After the invasion, that number rose to over 13. This study was attempting to measure a. suicide. b. morbidity. c. immigration. d. mortality.

mortality

communism

most extreme form of socialism no private ownership and no class system

understanding family from conflict theory

mother unpaid and father paid gender inequality

Feminism

off of conflict theory based in gender inequality and conflict theory talks about class inequality and still exists in industrial society

understanding family from Postmodern perspective

our social life is diverse, so our family is divers

HIV/AIDS is considered a(n) a. sick role. b. pandemic. c. epidemic. d. rescission.

pandemic

deconstructionism

part of postmodernism ex. Confederate soldier statue being taken down no one was bothered until now bc they are applying postmodernism and deconstructing history

In Great Britain, the government owns the British Broadcasting Corporation, or BBC, which is the world's largest television and radio broadcasting service. This tells you that Great Britain is a. deregulated. b. totally capitalist. c. an example of pure socialism. d. partially socialist.

partially socialist.

Sociological imagination

perspective to see the connection between biography and history. Self and social structures ex. Person depressed and using sociological imagination to see connect to finance, lack of family or friends, or not fitting in society

Capitalism

private ownership, free market, sale of labor, competition

exogamy

refers to marriage to someone from a different social group

endogamy

refers to marriage to someone within one's social group (such as race, ethnicity, class, education, religion, region, or nationality).

epidemic

regional outbreak of a disease ex. ebola

Émile Durkheim suggested that in traditional societies, people were bound through mechanical solidarity. What was the basis of these sorts of bonds? a. a strong ruler who exercised absolute control over the population b. shared traditions and similar experiences c. interdependence and the division of labor d.anomie

shared traditions and similar experiences

Death and illness in a population are bad for the productivity of the system and are destabilizing forces. Which theory takes this approach to medicine? a. the sick role b. structural functionalism c. conflict theory d. symbolic interactionism

structural functionalism

Understanding health and illness from structural functionalist

when we become sick we exit normal role and go to sick role

pandemic

worldwide epidemic ex. HIV and AIDs (more global)

collective resistance

bargaining for improved quality

organic social solidarity

basis is individual right and interconnectedness and division of labor. Interdependent on each other (specializations)

Social Solidarity

developed by Durkheim. A social glue and how we r connected to each other

understanding family from symbolic interactionism

families are a small unit of society

Being born into a lower social class means that an individual will be more likely to a. be healthy due to access to Medicaid. b. complete college due to receiving need-based scholarships. c. feel at risk of being harassed by law enforcement. d. overcome criminal charges due to the assistance of a public defender.

feel at risk of being harassed by law enforcement.

Globalization

interconnected to the rest of the world through communication (internet)

Intersectionality

intersecting lines of inequality such as class, race, gender, education, income, wealth, ect.

Emile Durkheim and Anomie

(theory on suicide) anomie is a sense of normlessness ex. (anomie) homeless

rescission

A remedy whereby a contract is canceled and the parties are returned to the positions they occupied before the contract was made.

food desert

An area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain

Stratification

Arrangement of a society into layers.

Wright Mills used the term "sociological imagination" to refer to important interconnections between personal troubles and public issues. What would he have said about deprivation amplification? a.Personal troubles cause poor health, so work must be done to more properly address disease rates solely at the personal level. b.Both public issues and personal troubles contribute to poor health, so work must be done at both levels to more properly address disease rates. c.Neither public issues nor personal troubles contribute to poor health, so work done at these levels would not address disease rates any differently. d.Public issues cause poor health, so work must be done to more properly address disease rates solely at the public level.

Both public issues and personal troubles contribute to poor health, so work must be done at both levels to more properly address disease rates.

Understanding health and illness from conflict theory

we don't have equal excess to healthcare

deprivation amplification

when our individual disease risks (based on our heredity and physiology) are amplified by social factors

How could the Information Revolution affect urbanization? a.Cities might grow because technology makes them even more attractive places to live. b. It could not affect urbanization at all. c.Cities might shrink because people can live anywhere and still work at the same job. d.Cities might shrink because people will spend even more time in direct contact with one another.

Cities might shrink because people can live anywhere and still work at the same job

How has Earth's population changed in the past fifty years? a. It has increased by around 25 percent. b. It peaked around twenty-five years ago and has been shrinking ever since. c. It has nearly tripled. d. It has shrunk slightly.

It has nearly tripled.

How has the Information Revolution changed the nature of work and the economy? a. It has slowed down the process of globalization. b. It has made it less likely that individuals will be able to work from home. c.It has made companies more likely to manufacture and sell goods within a single nation. d. It has shifted the economy toward the production of knowledge and services.

It has shifted the economy toward the production of knowledge and services.

polyandry

One female, several males.

polygyny

One male, several females.

Socialism

Public schools, weekends, ect.

How could telecommuting increase worker productivity? a. People who work from home tend to work longer hours. b.Telecommuters must usually provide a concrete measure of their accomplishments, not just show up. c. There is no office gossip to distract telecommuters. d. It allows employees to spend less time with their families.

Telecommuters must usually provide a concrete measure of their accomplishments, not just show up.

How has the Information Revolution changed the nature of work? a. Productivity has declined. b. Employee compensation has greatly increased. c.Employees are less easily distracted by outside influences since they can remain working on the Internet. d.The importance of the physical space in which work is done has been greatly diminished.

The importance of the physical space in which work is done has been greatly diminished.

How does social class relate to race, ethnicity, gender, and age in the United States today? a.These other variables matter for members of the upper class but not for members of the middle or lower classes. b.These variables matter for members of the lower class but not for members of the upper or middle class. c.These multiple dimensions of status and inequality intersect to shape who we are and how we live. d.Race and ethnicity are more important than any other factor in determining social class.

These multiple dimensions of status and inequality intersect to shape who we are and how we live.

The city of Mumbai, India, has 14,000,000 people, making it the second-largest city in the world, and it handles the majority of India's maritime commerce. These facts help to explain why Mumbai would be called a(n) a. global city. b. agglomeration. c. agrarian area. d. metropolitan statistical area.

a global city

"family" by sociologists

a group of people who have emotional ties and/or biological ties

Structural functionalist theory is concerned with the ways in which structures contribute to the stability of society. What is a structure? a. any aspect of society that generates conflict or change b. an informal agreement between people over a wide geographical area c. a class hierarchy d.a social institution that is stable over time and helps meet the needs of society

a social institution that is stable over time and helps meet the needs of society

polygamy

a system of marriage that allows people to have more than one spouse at a time

Conflict Theory

a theoretical framework that sees our society as conflicting groups with conflict over resources

Structural Functionalism

a theoretical framework that shows our society is made of different parts that must work in harmony to create social order and stability ex. Relying on school to let moms go to work, hospitals for the sick to get treatment

medicalization examples

adhd, depression, alcoholism

Environmental racism occurs when a. people believe that humans are exempt from natural ecological limits. b. environmental groups avoid hiring or recruiting members of racial minorities. c.an environmental policy or practice negatively affects individuals, groups, or communities as a result of their race. d.people use violent or criminal methods to achieve their goals of protecting the environment.

an environmental policy or practice negatively affects individuals, groups, or communities as a result of their race.

Émile Durkheim's study on suicide found that suicide rates went up when the economy slumped, but they also increased when the economy boomed. Which of Durkheim's concepts explains why both positive and negative economic conditions could increase suicide rates? a. anomie b. mechanical solidarity c. alienation d. organic solidarity

anomie

According to Karl Marx, how is class consciousness, or revolutionary consciousness, developed? a.by the lower classes recognizing how society works and challenging those in power b. by a eurocentric party leading a violent revolution c. through a religious awakening d. by achieving perfect industrial production so that most workers are unemployed

by the lower classes recognizing how society works and challenging those in power

mechanical social solidarity

can be found in agricultural or traditional society ex. Farming the basis is shared tradition and religion

Economic systems

capitalism, socialism, communism no country in the world has a pure economic system

According to the theoretical position developed by Karl Marx, what is the engine of social change? a. conflict between social groups b. exploration beyond the boundaries of a given society c. development of technology d. shared moral values

conflict between social groups

Postmodernists are interested in ________, or taking apart and examining stories and theories. a. dramaturgy b. antitheses c. praxis d. deconstruction

deconstruction

Understanding family from Structural Functionalist

consist of father that's work is paid mothers whose work is unpaid and with one kid to socialize child

How has union membership changed in recent years? a. Membership has slightly increased. b. It has not changed. c. Membership has greatly increased. d. Membership has steeply declined.

d. Membership has steeply declined.

According to Émile Durkheim, industrialized societies function via organic solidarity. What is the basis for organic solidarity? a. religion and tradition b. difference, interdependence, and individual rights c. shared experiences and similar beliefs d. globalization, mass communications, and technology

difference, interdependence, and individual rights

In the United States today, very few people marry outside of their own socioeconomic classes, suggesting that there is a high degree of a. polyandry. b. polygamy. c. exogamy. d.endogamy

endogamy

Culture

entire way of living for a group of people

An industry dumps waste in an area adjacent to where members of racial and ethnic minorities reside. What is this practice called? a. NIMBY b. corporate welfare c. resource depletion d. environmental racism

environmental racism

Factories that produce noxious levels of pollution and toxic waste dumps are often located near areas where minorities and the poor reside. Which of the following terms could be used to describe this situation? a. climate justice b. resource environmentalism c. environmental racism d. corporate welfare

environmental racism

Family friends who are referred to as "Aunt" or "Uncle" are examples of a. homogamy. b. fictive kin. c. the Full House effect. d. extended families.

fictive kin

the belief that humans will find ways to overcome any problems posed by pollution and waste is consistent with what attitude? a. the modern environmental movement b. the Malthusian theorem c. human exceptionalism d. conservation

human exceptionalism

individual resistance

skip work, say we are sick, turning our office into more personal area

According to C. Wright Mills, what one quality of mind do all great sociologists possess? a. praxis b. sociological imagination c. open-mindedness d. attention to detail

social imagination

good health is

socially defined

Many people are optimistic that the many lost jobs in the United States in the recession of the late 2000s will be replaced with others. However, even if the optimists are right, the shift in the economy may permanently alter the class status of many. This is due to the fact that the jobs being lost are largely in manufacturing and new jobs are often in information technology. This suggests that the newly unemployed will have trouble competing for newly created jobs. If this is the case, what is it called? a. intragenerational mobility b. structural mobility c. absolute deprivation d. intergenerational mobility

structural mobility

Sociologists observe society by a. comparing the past and present, with a focus on the past. b.studying society as if it were a concrete object, in the same way a geologist studies rocks. c.studying the relationship between individuals and society, specializing in internal states of mind. d.studying the various parts of a society and the ways they interact and influence one another.

studying the various parts of a society and the ways they interact and influence one another.

A sociologist who examines how cities are organized or the migration of human populations is studying a. environmental justice. b. renewable resources. c. the new ecological paradigm. d. environmental attitudes.

the new ecological paradigm

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, MOST environmental activism was focused on a. grassroots activism to involve individual community members. b. lowering the ecological footprints of both individuals and society as a whole. c. environmental justice. d. the protection and conservation of wilderness.

the protection and conservation of wilderness.

In what would a symbolic interactionist studying the family be MOST interested? a.the way increasing divorce rates are making it harder for families to function and to socialize children b. the diminished role the family plays in teaching children important skills c.the way gift giving within an extended family makes some bonds more important than others d.the inequalities associated with men's negligible role in raising and caring for infants

the way gift giving within an extended family makes some bonds more important than others

Postmodernism

theoretical framework by 3 French sociologist our social world is diverse and there is no universal truths and there is no right or wrong

According to conflict theory, how does the nuclear family facilitate exploitation? a. through a sexual division of labor within the home b. through the use of nannies and domestic workers c. by exploiting the working class whose products it consumes d. by making geographic mobility possible

through a sexual division of labor within the home

Understanding health and illness from symbolic interactionism

treatment depends on culture

How does the U.S. Census Bureau define "family"? a. people who share a household b.two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share a household c. people who are emotionally or materially interdependent d. parents living with minor children

two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share a household

cultural relativism

understanding other cultures and respecting

ethnocentrism

using your own culture to evaluate another culture

After studying the indigenous peoples of Australia, ________ concluded that any form of religion is united in its definition of what is considered to be ________ and ________. a.Karl Max; manifest functions; latent functions b. Robert Merton; sacred; profane c. Émile Durkheim; sacred; profane d. Talcott Parsons; manifest functions; latent functions

Émile Durkheim; sacred; profane