Sociology Final pt.2

With the recent Occupy Wall Street Movement, the people of the United States keep hearing about the top 1%. How much of the United State's wealth rests in the hands of the wealthiest top 1% of people?

a. 1/3

The term crime can be defined as:

a. A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions.

The United States Government is a form of:

a. A bureaucracy

Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would find food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under:

a. A caste system

What is the difference between a primary group and a secondary group?

a. A primary group is small, consisting of emotional face-to-face relationships; a secondary group is larger and impersonal.

In the 2010 film, The Social Network, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg was portrayed as a leader who was goal-oriented, issuing orders and assigning tasks. Which of the following leadership styles did Zuckerberg likely use?

a. Authoritarian

In recent times, scholars have been trying to sort out why the countries on the continent of Africa, as a whole, have trouble competing to today's global, capitalist economy. While an answer to this question is complex and carries with it many ambiguities, most scholars point to European colonialism as a key to understanding the current state of Africa. A sociologist studying this topic, would ascribe to which theoretical paradigm?

a. Conflict theory

Which sociological theory would agree with the following statement: "Deviance is defined by the powerful, and the behaviors of the less powerful are more likely to be criminalized than the behaviors of the powerful"?

a. Conflict theory

Ally's father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of methamphetamines. By the age of 18, Ally has been arrested three times for possession of marijuana. Which theory best describes Ally's experience?

a. Differential association theory

Angela's mother says to her, "I don't want you to hang around with Melissa. She's going to be a bad influence on you." The mother may not know it, but she's subscribing to which theory?

a. Differential association theory

Which number does the World Bank use to determine the status and classification of each nation?

a. Gross National Income

Which factor is considered when evaluating someone's standard of living?

a. Income b. Employment c. Class D. All Of The Above

Functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was:

a. Necessary; it challenged people's views.

Which sociological theory would agree with the following statement: "Deviance helps society clarify moral boundaries and promotes social cohesion"?

a. Structural functionalism

The McDonalidization of Society refers to:

a. The increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions.

Maria babysits as a form of income while she is in college. Because the amounts she gets per job are not huge, Maria never bothers to report her earnings to the IRS. Maria is a part of the _____________.

a. Underground economy

Since the social classes in the United States do not have any clear boundaries, how is a sociologist supposed to determine whether their subjects are in the upper class or the upper-middle class?

a. Upper class is often defined as having control over one's life and the lives of people around you, while the upper-middle class is often defined as having control only over one's own life.

Bernie Madoff, recently sentenced to 150 years in prison for creating a ponzi scheme which caused clients to lose millions of dollars, engaged in which form of crime?

b. Corporate crime

Charlotte was born to a lower class family in rural Pennsylvania. After taking a job in the mail room of a large corporate office, Charlotte is slowly promoted through the ranks and becomes CEO of the company by the age of 50. What type of stratification is shown in this story?

c. Intragenerational mobility

An instrumental leader:

c. Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader.

c. Laissez-faire

Which trend has the World Bank seen in its study of poverty in low-income nations?

c. More women live in poverty than men.

Jake receives a promotion at his law firm after winning an important case. This is an example of a:

c. Positive formal sanction

The Davis-Moore Thesis states:

c. That the more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.

Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a:

c. Utilitarian organization

Which historical event was greatly responsible for global stratification as we see it today?

d. The Industrial Revolution

Social control is:

d. The regulation and enforcement of norms.

The term secondary deviance can be defined as:

d. When a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.

Which statement explains why Immanuel Wallerstein's classification is preferred by sociologist?

a. Wallerstein's classification uses neutral terms that allow his classification of nations to be less biased and appear less ethnocentric

A man is riding on a bus when suddenly, for no reason, he stands up and yells, "FIRE! FIRE!" There is clearly no fire, and people are really irritated at the delay this causes. His behavior was:

a. deviance

Which is an effect of absolute poverty that also contributes to its cyclical nature?

a. lack of education

The term deviance can be defined as:

b. A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law.

Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction?

b. Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine

True or False: Deviance is always considered a crime?

b. False

Which of the following is an example of an in-group/out-group dynamic:

b. Members of sorority Delta Delta Delta advise their pledges not to socialize with members of pledges of rival sorority Sigma Delta Theta.

When Michael starts high school, he joins the basketball team. He begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. Michael's basketball team is serving as Michael's _____.

b. Reference group

One main issue in studying global social inequality is:

b. Social inequality is relative and therefore, difficult to compare across cultures

Which sociological pioneer performed an experiment in which he showed a group of participants a paper with three lines on it, all varying in length, and asked them to compare the lines?

b. Solomon Asch Correct

When Kevin backpacks across Europe after his high school graduation, he is surprised to find Burger Kings, H&Ms, and even Wal-Mart stores in the foreign cities. This is an example of:

b. The McDonaldization of Society

Solomon Asch concluded that one reason people conform to a group is because they believe:

b. The group is better informed than they are.

Which of the following is not a branch of the U.S. Criminal Justice System?

b. The jury

As of 2008, how many adults in the United States are in jail or prison?

c. 1 in 100

What has been the main factor that has aided the financial situations of many countries in Latin America?

c. A greater emphasis on educating young people

88 million people live on less than $1.00 a day. These people are said to be living in _____________.

c. Absolute poverty

Strain theory:

c. Addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals

In the United States, where outsourcing is almost always addressed negatively, companies still get away with outsourcing. How do they do this?

c. Americans want lower prices for their consumable products, and the only way for companies to deliver those low prices is to outsource the work to cheaper laborers.

Kellan wants to shop at Express for the new school year, but because all of his friends shop at Pacific Sun, Kellan does as well. Kellan's behavior is an example of:

c. Conformity

How is global stratification different from social stratification?

c. Global stratification examines a myriad of different types of prejudice and inequality, while social stratification covers the social class and standing of individuals.

The term meritocracy is defined by the text as:

d. A bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills.

What is the difference between a violent crime and a hate crime?

d. A hate crime is based on a person's race, religion, or other characteristics

Sandy is standing in line for Kanye West tickets. The line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows. Sandy is part of a(n):

d. Aggregate

A total institution can be defined as:

d. An organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization occurs.

Which theorist studied the power elite, and the influence they had over society?

d. C. Wright Mills

A famous socialite is court-ordered to enter a rehabilitation center to eliminate her drug addiction. The socialite is about to become a member of a:

d. Coercive organization

The concept "reference groups" can be defined as:

d. Groups to which an individual compares himself or herself.

Grace works in at an advertising agency. Grace's coworkers help her complete presentations, contact clients, and assist her with research. Her coworkers are serving a(n):

d. Instrumental function

Whose work do conflict theorists rely on to help form their arguments surrounding social stratification?

d. Karl Marx

In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout grade school, Scott gains a reputation as a "problem" child. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which school of thought best fits Scott's experience?

d. Labeling theory

Symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that:

d. Most people only socialize with people in their same social class.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy:

d. Personality-based promotion