sociology final study guide

Americans of English ancestry

according to sociologists, which of the following is NOT a minority in the U.S. today?

true

all cultures have rules governing, mourning, and funeral rituals

false

another name for a folkway is a law

true

before an infant can take part in cultural life, he or she must be socialized

being incarcerated

if a habitual drunk driver is sent to prison, she is _______________________________

performance

in school, rewards and punishments are typically based on ___________________

believe their race is superior

people who are racist

throughout life

socialization begins at birth & continues _________________________

true

symbolic interationists say that we are able to communicate with one another because we have a set of symbols that have similar meanings to all of us

dynamics

the changes caused by the industrial revolution, such as people moving from farms to cities, is an example of social __________

true

the importance that many people in the United States place on having nice cars is an example of the material aspect of culture

false

the most common patter of assimilation in the U.S. is the melting pot pattern

Because the police and health-care workers are more likely to become involved in cases involving lower-class families, these violent acts are more likely to be reported by the authorities

traditionally, many people have believed that family violence is more common in lower-class homes than in middle or upper-class homes. What explains this belief?

receiving a promotion at work for completing a project ahead of schedule

what is an example of a positive social sanction?

differential association theory

"The more you hang around with a group of teens who shoplift, the more likely it is that you will become a shoplifter." Which of the following theories would most strongly agree with this statement?

the looking-glass self

A child learns how to behave within her family by watching how her parents judge her behavior and the judging herself accordingly. Charles Horton Cooley called this process

true

A person is more likely to copy the deviant behavior of someone who is a significant other than someone whose opinion is unimportant to the person

false

A preschooler who pretends she is a teacher in front of a class and her playmates are the students is in the imitation stage

quantitative

A questionnaire asks you to specify your age. Your answer is an example of a ___________ variable

participant observation

A researcher is interested in studying the behavior of high-school basketball teams. Over the period of a season, he joins the team during practice, watching the players' interactions first-hand. What type of research is this?

by requiring that they all dress alike

A way that a total institution typically desocializes members of a group

rehabilitation

A young high school dropout is sent to prison for repeated car theft. While in prison, the individual is helped in obtaining his high school equivalency degree to increase his chances of getting a good job when he is released. This is an example of ___________________

false

Although African Americans earn less $ than whites, they have about the same unemployment rates as whites

open-ended

An interviewer asks you to name you 3 favorite ways to spend your leisure time. This is an example of a ___________ question.

17

Assume that a class has the following scores on a quiz 18 20 13 18 19 17 16 15 18 20 15 14 16 what is the median ?

18

Assume that a class has the following scores on a quiz 18 20 13 18 19 17 16 15 18 20 15 14 16 what is the mode ?

negative correlation

Assume that a researcher has determined that the more hours a student works at a job, the lower his grades will be. This is an example of ____________________

The actual culture is different than the ideal culture

Assume that most members of a particular society believe everyone should have the same opportunities regardless of their race. However, in reality, many people discriminate against members of minority groups. Which of the following best describes this situation?

victim discounting

Assume that police in one lower-class neighborhood do not pursue burglary investigations as vigorously as the police in a nearby affluent suburb. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this fact?

true

Before the Industrial Revolution, most people believed in luck and fate rather than knowledge and science

true

Critics of for-profit schools argue that they will be less responsive to public input than traditional public schools

true

Emile Durkheim believed societies can exist bc there are broad agreements among their members

retreatism

Even though Stephan studied during the first semester of chemistry class, he still received a D. During the second semester, he decided it was hopeless and quit studying. What best describes this behavior?

false

Family violence is most prevalent in lower-class homes

The patrilocal pattern

In Vietnamese culture, it is traditional for a newly married couple to move in w/ the groom's parents. What pattern does this represent?

must be done in an atmosphere of respect and acceptance

In order to have a positive effect on the academic achievement of minority kids, school integration

folkway

In the U.S. it is common for guests at weddings to throw rice at the newly married couple as they leave the ceremony. This is an example of a _____________

true

In the U.S. today, couples are marrying at a later age than they previously did

A social status that must remain with him or her throughout life

In the United States, which of the following items does a child NOT receive from the family into which he or she is born?

true

In the tossed salad pattern of assimilation, minorities keep at least some of their traditions

innovation

It is so important to Chris to appear successful to others that he begins stealing goods from the warehouse where he works and reselling them to obtain money. This is an example of _______________________

extended

Juan lives w/ his parents and three siblings. His grandfather just died, and next month his grandmother will be moving in w/ his family, creating a ____________ family

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Manuel was always on the honor roll in high school, so when he went to college he expected to do well in his courses. His grades for the 1st semester were very good, about the same as those he received in high school. Which of the following best describes this situation?

true

One reason people tend to conform to a group is because they have learned to value the group's behavior

true

One reason that Americans frequently marry across class lines is that young people from all social levels meet and interact at college

anticipatory socialization

Paul has just gotten married and is looking forward to his new life as a husband. This is an example of _______________________

quantitative and qualitative

Research can be divided into two broad categories

group conformity

Several members of a little league team begin wearing their baseball caps backwards and soon the entire team is following this style. This is an example of __________

dramaturgy

Shakespeare said " All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players." What term is most closely related to this statement

formal sanction

Shing-Ling had to show up in court and pay a fine bc a police officer caught her speeding. This is an example of a ___________________

only the "best" schools will survive in the market

Some people believe for-profit schools are a good idea because ____________

manifest

Some people think that shopping over the internet can lead to social isolation bc people go to stores less often. This is a function of internet shopping

true

Statistics show that the criminal justice system treats members of minority groups more harshly than whites

a stereotype

Steve tells his friend Tom that he should go out for track because Tom is an African American and Steve believes this group of people can run faster than others. This is an example of _________________________

true

Teenagers who engage in primary deviance frequently are never caught by authorities

10

The # of hours each of eleven students spends studying each week listed below 10 8 0 4.5 12 10 7.5 9 10.5 10 5 what is the mode?

9

The #s of hours each of eleven students spends studying each week is listed below. 10 8 0 4.5 12 10 7.5 9 10.5 10 5 What is the median?

conflict perspective

The distribution of power is most important in which of the following theoretical perspectives?

Whose ancestors came from England

The term Anglo refers to an American

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

The theory that people's perception of the world is influenced by the language they speak is called the ___________________________

Social Darwinism

The theory that society benefits when each individual finds his/her own social-class level w/o outside interference is called

it is an efficient way of educating large numbers of children

Traditional schools are bureaucratic primarily because ______________

anglo-assimilation

Urh's family immigrated from Laos thirty yrs ago when he was five years old. While Urh's parents still cook and eat mostly Laotian food. Urh and his new wife, who is a native born American, primarily eat "American" food. They do not celebrate Laotian holidays unless with Urh's family, they celebrate American holidays. What term best describes the difference between these two generations?

latent

Using e-mail has decreased the number of hand-written letters that people send to their friends and relatives. This is a __________ function of e-mail.

manifest

Using the internet for shopping is convenient and can save time. This is a ________ function of this type of shopping

The "me"

What did Mead call the part of the self that is created during socialization?

People are encouraged to work hard bc they believe it will lead to social and economic success

What is an advantage of a meritocracy?

victim discounting

What is not a method that the criminal justice system uses to control and punish criminals?

symbol

When a baby waves "Bye-Bye," he is using a

symbol

When an athlete holds a clenched fist over her head after scoring a point, she is using a

The hidden curriculum

When elementary school children sing " America the Beautiful" in music class, their sense of patriotism is being reinforced. This is an example of ________

dysfunction

When government regulations become so complex that they make it hard for citizens to accomplish their work efficiently, the negative result is

precollected data

When performing quantitative research, sociologists rely on ___________ about 90% of the time

An important role of the family is the socialization of kids and the development of their self-concept

Which of the following best describes the symbolic interactionist view of the family?

The game stage is more sophisticated, w/ several participants being involved, each with a distinct role.

Which of the following best explains the difference between the game stage and the play stage?

It simplifies the job of child rearing

Which of the following is NOT a positive effect of dual employment?

Provider of family income

Which of the following is NOT a role the average ten-year old takes on?

to be able to perform arithmetic

Which of the following is NOT an example of a hidden curriculum at most schools?

a public university

Which of the following is NOT an example of a total institution?

Marriage by 2 people of the same sex

Which of the following is NOT legal in nearly all states today?

The research must be based on entire populations, not just representative samples

Which of the following is NOT necessary when determining a casual relationship between two variables?

maintaining the status quo

Which of the following is NOT one of the concepts that is important in symbolic interactionism?

Painting a swastika on a Jewish neighbor's garage

Which of the following is an example of a hate crime?

the inhabitants of Israel

Which of the following is an example of a society?

A country will not allow non citizens to own property

Which of the following is an example of institutionalized discrimination?

encouraging kids to be cooperative

Which of the following is an example of the hidden curriculum?

family relationships

Which of the following is an example of the nonmaterial aspect of culture?

More women are working outside the home, even when they have preschool kids

Which of the following is probably NOT a reason for the recent decline in the divorce rate?

It is usually too time-consuming and expensive to survey an entire population

Which of the following is the most common reason that researchers usually do not conduct surveys of an entire population?

Bc minorities tend to go to lower-quality schools than whites, they are not as well

Which of the following is true of the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) ?

Her mother's boss

Which of the following probably would NOT be a significant other in the life of a four-year old girl living in a two-parent home?

Wive are still expected to perform most of the housework and child care, even though they have full-time jobs

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true in a dual-income family?

control

You want to do research on the effects of human interaction on a group of kittens. You divide the group in half; one half is played w/ for a hour, twice a day. The other group is left alone. Both groups can play among themselves as much as they wish. The group that is not played w by humans is the ___________________ group

Voucher systems

___________ allows parents to receive educational money from the gov't and use it to pay tuition at a school of their choice

Head Start

___________ is an example of a compensatory educational program

social sanctions

_____________ Is/are frequently used to exert external social control

functionalism

_________________ holds that society exists because it is necessary to teach children to work together to create a stable society

recidivism

_________________ refers to the situation in which a criminal is repeatedly imprisoned for the same type of crime

Symbolic interactionism

__________________ states that human nature is primarily a product of society

true

a survey is useful when a sociologist wants to study a large number of people