SOCIOLOGY MIDTERM

How many members does a social group hold?

Any number more than 2

Which of the following is NOT an example of McDonaldization?

Arranged marriages

Rhonda is frustrated because her supervisor is a 'control freak' who never asks Rhonda's opinion on anything. Which type of leadership decision-making does this illustrate?

Authoritarian

Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of McDonaldization?

Automation

The availability of larger and larger soft drinks at gas stations is an example of which principle of McDonaldization?

Calculability

A mental hospital is an example of a(n)

Coercive Organization

Brad is a supervisor of a large group of employees and frequently encourages them to be creative and collaborate to solve problems. Which type of leadership decision-making does this illustrate?

Democratic

The simplest type of social group is a(n)

Dyad

Leaders who are dominantly expressive tend to:

Focus on group relationships

Entering a bank and heading to the back of the line is an example of this type of rationality.

Formal rationality

The author of 'The McDonaldization of Society' is

George Ritzer

Groupthink occurs when group members want

Harmony

A group of summer campers who feel a sense of camaraderie is an example of a(n)

In-group

Chloe heads to the front of the store to check out. Although there are two lines that have a light on and appear to be open, everyone is lined up at only one of them. Chloe assumes there must be something happening at the shorter line so heads to the back of the longer one. This is an example of:

Informational conformity

If finishing a project as quickly as possible is the main goal of a group, what type of leader are they likely to prefer?

Instrumental

Which of the following is NOT true of laissez-faire decision-making?

It is never beneficial

Which of the following is NOT true of Weber's concept of an 'iron cage?'

It is the inevitable result of any bureaucracy.

Boy and Girl Scouts are examples of

Normative Organizations

Peer pressure is a well-known example of

Normative conformity

Stanley Milgrim is best known for his study on

Obedience

Anita is at a department holiday party with a group of her fellow Psychology majors. Any students majoring in Psychology who did not attend the party are members of a(n)

Out-group

The tendency to feel hostility towards anyone outside of your in-group is called:

Out-group derogation

Which of the following can explain the phenomenon of social loafing?

People often feel that the other group members will leave them to do all the work.

Which of the following is an example of when the presence of others might improve your performance?

Raking leaves

McDonaldization is a metaphor for which of Max Weber's theories?

Rationalization

The replacement of traditions and emotions with logical, practical thought is

Rationalization

Zoe admires the cheerleaders at her school and enjoys watching them at games. She frequently copies hairstyles that she sees the girls wearing. The cheerleading squad is an example of a:

Reference group

Which of these is not a preventative measure that can be taken to reduce the chances of groupthink?

Refrain from defining rules and processes for decision making

Several of Justin's closest friends surprised him with a large birthday party. This group of friends is an example of a:

Secondary group

A new student at a high school is displaying normative conformity in all of the following situations EXCEPT

Sitting alone in the cafeteria

Which of these events is a well known example of groupthink?

Space Shuttle Challenger disaster

Which of the following is NOT one of Weber's four types of rationality?

Subjective rationality

Which of the following is an example of a nuclear family?

The family you were born into (your parents and any siblings).

Which of these terms is used to describe when a group makes faulty or ineffective decisions for the sake of reaching a consensus?

groupthink

Which of these describes the outcomes of decisions shaped by groupthink?

low probability of success

Shana is a member of a group that has been formed in her History class for a debate on Friday. This group of students is an example of a:

secondary group

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal organization?

A tribe

Which of the following group sizes is likely to be the most stable?

100 members

In Asch's study of conformity using lines, _ percent of participants conformed at least once.

75%

Which of the following is a characteristic that must be present in order for a group to be considered a formal organization?

A system for replacing members.

People in groups loaf less when

The task is challenging

When a task is difficult, and there are others present,

There will be a decline in performance

A restaurant is an example of a(n)

Utilitarian Organization

Interpreting the motivation behind social action is known as

Verstehen

Groups that experience groupthink disregard which of these in order to maintain harmony in the group?

alternatives