Sociology (NBE Review)

the funeral rite as a cultural universal includes (5) universal acts, albeit varying methods from culture to culture:

1. announcement of the death 2. care of the deceased 3. a method of disposition 4. ceremony or ritual 5. memorialization - retaining the memory

three ways modern society affects the family:

1. changing attitudes towards marriage/divorce, not sacred anymore; people just live together 2. extended life expectancy 3. death in institutions - making death less visible

Name (4) of the (8) social factors which affect American funeral rites.

1. economic - poor people spend the most on funerals 2. social stratification 3. geographic - neo-localism 4. family structure - matriarchial, patriarchial, egalitarian 5. religion - playing less of a role in funeral 6. government 7. education level - people with a lot of education spend very little on funerals 8. ethnicity

types of family structure

1. extended (joint) family 2. nuclear family 3. modified extended family 4. single parent family 5. blended family 6. multi-generational household

movement away from the joint family structure was brought about by:

1. industrialization 2. urbanization 3. bureaucratization

Name the (4) characteristics and responsibilities of the family.

1. obligation to care for other members 2. teaching and maintaining discipline 3. to give direction 4. to motivate

the (3) major types of family government

1. patriarchial 2. matriarchial 3. egalitarian

Name (5) of the (10) changes in American funeral rites.

1.location of the funeral - increase in use of a facility with no resemblance to funeral home or church, more like banquet hall 2. preparation of body - little or none 3. increased direct involvement by the family 4. increased responsibility placed on funeral director - increased knowledge of social sciences/counseling required 5. less importance placed on casket 6. influence of automobile and other forms of transportation- burial at greater distances from home and families choosing funeral home outside immediate neighborhood 7. influence of the airplane and air freight - transporting human remains over great distances and family members able to travel greater distance to attend funeral 8. influence on disposition - increase in less traditional dispositions; cremation, body donation, entombment, direct burial 9. influence on organized religions 10. influence of immigration - Hispanic #1 minority group/Catholicism largest religious group, Southern Baptist 2nd

the belief that the CREATED IS REUNITED WITH CREATOR at death

Doctrine of Atonement

a funeral rite that is ADJUSTED to the needs and wants of those directly involved; one which has been ALTERED to suit the trends of the times

adaptive funeral rite

deals with agriculture, farm-based; this was formerly the location of the extended (joint) family system.

agrarian

loss of individual identity

anonymity

EXISTENTIAL STATEMENTS about the physical and social world

beliefs

membership consists of one male and one female and the children from their previous marriages and may include children from present marriage

blended family

the creation of a system which governs through DEPARTMENTS AND SUBDIVISIONS managed by sets of officials following an inflexible routine

bureaucratization

any action performed during a rite which may or may not have symbolic meaning to the participants or observers of the action; a kind of instrumental action dealing with death, but is also expressional - charged with symbolic content expressing, among other things, the attitudes of the participants and possible onlookers (passive participants) that may be regarded as co-beneficiaries

ceremony (ritual)

a social grouping in which a member possesses roughly equivalent culturally valued attributes

class

when two or more people, unrelated by either blood or marriage, share living quarters together

co-habitants

living or happening IN THE SAME PERIOD

contemporary

the reduction of a dead human remains to its essential inorganic elements by use of fire

cremation

the emotional attitude that RECOGNIZES ALL CULTURES AS EQUIVALENT and pertinent

cultural relativism

COMMON TRAITS OR PATTERNS found in all cultures of mankind

cultural universal

consists of abstract patterns such as: knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and rules for behavior that are commonly held within a society; this includes patterns for living and dying, which are LEARNED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY

culture

social behavior concerning death as dictated by the tradition of the people

custom

the SCIENCE OF VITAL STATISTICS, or of birth, deaths, marriages, etc. of a population

demographics

male and female have equal rights, duties, and governing power

egalitarian

the process by which a person learns the social values of a society

enculturation (socialization)

the placement of human remains in above ground mausoleums; this continues to be preferred by affluent families

entombment

any of the basic divisions or groups of mankind, distinguished by customs, characteristics, language, etc.

ethnic

a DISTINCT GROUP OF PEOPLE on the basis of language, ancestry, religion or customs, rather than physical characteristics

ethnicities

the belief that one's own race, nation, group or culture is SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHER GROUPS

ethnocentrism

The following are common characteristics of which type of family structure: 1. patriarchial 2. agriculturally based 3. economics: extremely self-sufficient unit 4. religion taught at home, very strong religious beliefs 5. women's subservient position 6. restricted mobility

extended (joint) family

membership within household includes father and mother, all their children (except married daughters), their son's wives and children

extended (joint) family

the family into which one is born

family of orientation

the family established by one's marriage and the production of children

family of procreation

Behaviors construed as being less compulsive and when violated DO NOT CARRY A STRONG REACTION, only informal sanctions such as scolding or ridicule

folkways

rites with the body present

funeral

all-inclusive term to encompass all funerals and/or memorial service

funeral rite

a process involving ALL ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH FINAL DISPOSITION

funeralization

The establishment of rules/regulations for orderly living is known as ___________.

government

a funeral rite that is in essence DEVOID OF RELIGIOUS CONNOTATION

humanistic funeral rite

any disposition of human remains which is completely DEVOID OF ANY FORM OF FUNERAL RITE AT THE TIME OF DISPOSITION

immediate disposition

the change from independent multi-talented, self-sufficient family units to employment of family members in jobs outside the unit, making them DEPENDENT ON OUTSIDE RESOURCES FOR THEIR TOTAL NEEDS;LOSS OF CRAFTSMANSHIP

industrialization

Earth burial is also known as _________ - the predominate disposition of remains

interment

offspring or children of a specific set of parents

issue

the new federal requirement to provide the client family with a breakdown of charges for each item of service or merchandise provided

itemization

a must behavior of a people enforced by those elected to govern; a rule of action prescribed by an authority able to enforce its will under the action of POLICE POWER

law

the new sociological phenomenon in which people are making a conscious decision to live alone until death, not entering the institution of marriage

living single phenomenon

the mother rules the family; a woman holding a position analogous to that of the patriarch

matriarchial

funeral rites with the body not present

memorial service

an organization, public or private, which endorses the practice of conducting funeral rite without the body present

memorial society

the state or quality of being mobile; the ability to move from place to place readily, or to move from class to class, either up or down

mobility

to be characteristic of the PRESENT OR RECENT TIMES; not ancient, often used to designate certain contemporary tendencies

modern

nuclear family linked to another nuclear family; two or more nuclear families or friendships

modified extended family

Social friendships such as church groups, colleagues at work or neighbors are all examples of ____________.

modified extended nuclear families

a MUST BEHAVIOR; the rules of behavior which are considered vital to the welfare of the group and accompanied by relatively severe sanctions; If violated, this will elicit a STRONG REACTION among the society.

mores

three or more generations of the same immediate family living in the same house - grandparents, adult children and grandchildren

multigenerational-household

the movement of families away from where they were born

neo-localism

a funeral rite which DEVIATES FROM the normal or prescribed circumstances of ESTABLISHED CUSTOM

non-traditional funeral rite

The following are common characteristics of which type of family structure: 1. may be patriarchial, matriarchial or egalitarian 2. power and prestige of membership not uniformly determinable 3. structured around total income of the unit, both work 4. religious training institutional based (if any) 5. high mobility

nuclear family

membership within household includes one man, one woman, and their (unmarried) children, if any

nuclear family

the father rules the family; power is passed to the oldest male child

patriarchial

a culture developed BEFORE THE INVENTION OF WRITING, and hence, leaving no written record

pre-literate society

arrangements between a funeral establishment and the family which designates details of a funeral service, including the selection of merchandise, prior to death

pre-need programs

What kind of funeral rite is described below: Following a traditional funeral rite, American Indian tribes may have ancient ceremonies held in private for tribal members only

primitive funeral rite

a funeral rite which may be construed as being IDENTIFIABLE WITH A PRE-LITERATE SOCIETY

primitive funeral rite

a CULTURALLY ENTRENCHED PATTERN OF BEHAVIOR made up of: 1. SACRED BELIEFS, 2. emotional feelings accompanying the beliefs, 3. overt conduct presumably implementing the beliefs and feelings

religion

any event performed in a SOLEMN AND PRESCRIBED MANNER

rite

the ceremonies centering around TRANSITION IN LIFE from one status to another; ex. - baptism, marriage, and funeral

rites of passage

apply to SPECIFIC METHODS OF PROCEDURE, used to comply with a folkway, mores and/or laws usually by levying fines

rules

one adult (male or female) and his/her children

single parent family

the funeral rite is a _______ event

social event

an event that allows people who have something in common to deal with one another in regard to that which they share

social function

the upward or downward movement of a person or family within the social classes of their society

social mobility

the CATEGORIZATION OF PEOPLE BY MONEY, PRESTIGE AND POWER; a ranking of social status (position) in groups such as upper, middle and lower class

social stratification

a group of persons forming a single community with some interests in common

society

the SCIENCE OF SOCIAL GROUPS; psychology of group behavior, group psychology; the science that deals with the various social groups which we encounter in our world today; the processes that tend to maintain or change these forms of organizations and the relations between groups

sociology

the family one acquires when a parent enters a new marriage, whether the parent was widowed or divorced

stepfamily

a DIVISION OF A CULTURE, connected to a larger culture by common traits, while having unique traits of its own; ex. - geographic, religious, ethnic, language, other

subculture

Anything to which SOCIALLY CREATED MEANING is given

symbol

a SOCIAL PROHIBITION of certain acts; a must behavior that dictates the individual MUST ABSTAIN from certain acts dealing with death

taboo

the STUDY OF DEATH, derived from the name for the Greek God of Death

thanatology

a funeral rite that follows a prescribed ritual or ceremony which MAY BE DICTATED BY RELIGIOUS BELIEF OR SOCIAL CUSTOM

traditional funeral rite

the change FROM RURAL TO URBAN in character; LOSS OF INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY, MAKES IT DIFFICULT FOR FUNERAL DIRECTOR TO GET TO KNOW EACH FAMILY

urbanization