Sociology of Fam Ch. 6 Review

The data in the Story Behind the Numbers indicates that _____. a much higher percentage of people have engaged in same-sex behavior than identify as homosexual or bisexual a much lower percentage of people have engaged in same-sex behavior than identify as homosexual or bisexual men seem to be more open to same-sex experimentation than women sexual behavior is clearly linked to identity

a much higher percentage of people have engaged in same-sex behavior than identify as homosexual or bisexual FEEDBACK: Same-sex attraction and behavior occur more frequently among women than men. Many more people experiment with same-sex behavior than claim a homosexual or bisexual identity, indicating that behavior and identity are not necessarily linked.

Since the 1990s, the percentage of high school students who ever had intercourse has _____, while the percentage who ever used condoms has _____. Increased/ increased Decreased/ decreased Increased/ decreased Decreased/ increased

Decreased/ increased FEEDBACK: High school students today are less likely to have intercourse than high school students in the 1990s and are much more likely to use condoms.

The percentage of adolescents receiving formal instruction on birth control ________ since the mid-1990s, while abstinence-only education _________. Increased/ increased Increased/ decreased Decreased/ decreased Decreased/ increased

Decreased/ increased FEEDBACK: Since 1995, the percentage of adolescents receiving formal instruction on birth control methods has fallen drastically. From the mid-1990s to the late 2000s, Washington distributed $1.9 billion to states and districts to teach abstinence-only programs. To accompany abstinence education some young people took "virginity pledges."

What is one reason evolutionary scientists believe a woman lives so long after she can no longer bear children? Women are so abusive to their bodies when they are younger that they adapt as they age. When women's menstrual cycles stop, their hearts aren't taxed as much as men's hearts. Women are socialized to take fewer risks, so women's odds of dying decrease as they age. Grandmothers' caring for the young children in their families is valuable to species survival.

Grandmothers' caring for the young children in their families is valuable to species survival. FEEDBACK: The evolutionary reason for a woman to live so long after she can no longer bear children (in many cases more than half her life) at first was not clear to scientists. But we now believe that grandmothers' caring for the young children in their families is more valuable to species survival than bearing more children would be, and the benefit is great enough to justify the resources needed to keep them alive.

While the average age for first intercourse is about 17 for both men and women, by the time people are in their late 30s, most men report________________ sexual partners, compared with __________ for women. Five/ seven Seven/ five Ten/ seven Five/ three

Seven/ five FEEDBACK: Despite the greater acceptance of sexual freedom, in the age range of 18 to 44, only 4 percent of men, and 2 percent of women, report having five or more partners in the previous year. Men on average increase their number of partners more rapidly through young adulthood.

A larger proportion of people say they believe gay or lesbian relations are morally acceptable than believe what behavior is morally acceptable? having a baby outside of marriage abortion sex between an unmarried man and woman divorce

abortion FEEDBACK: Acceptance of homosexual relationships has increased dramatically in recent years. In fact, they are now viewed by more people as more acceptable than abortion. This is not to say that homophobia and inequality no longer exist, but that public opinion is shifting.

Compulsory heterosexuality is the _____. assumption that everyone is straight until there is solid evidence otherwise law that punishes homosexuality and the public support of it biological basis for sexual orientation fear of homosexuality, gays, and lesbians

assumption that everyone is straight until there is solid evidence otherwise FEEDBACK: Because heterosexuality is assumed to be the norm, many laws, policies, personal interactions, and social norms assume that everyone is heterosexual and also pressure individuals to conform.

One way researchers think easy access to pornography in the Internet age affects sexual behavior and relationships is _____. women are more violent after watching porn college students who consume porn are less likely to use condoms themselves people are having less sex today than in the past porn is so common nowadays that exposure to it rarely creates conflict in marriages

college students who consume porn are less likely to use condoms themselves FEEDBACK: Some common features of porn have raised concerns about sexual health and behavior. For example, most porn does not include men wearing condoms, and college students who consume porn are less likely to use condoms themselves. Something for future research to determine is how porn is affecting sexual behavior and relationships, or family life generally.

For Sam, a particular process took many years as he told his close friends, family, work colleagues, and others that he is gay. Kylie, on the other hand, did not have to go through this process because she identifies as heterosexual. What process did Sam experience? homophobia coming out stigma evolution

coming out FEEDBACK: "Coming out" is the process of telling significant people that one is gay. People who identify as heterosexual do not have to come out because their sexual orientation is assumed.

Robert, a Victorian moralist, was concerned that the "epidemic" of male sexual self-satisfaction (masturbation) would result in _____. increased marital satisfaction blindness extra-marital affairs elimination of the need for family relationships

elimination of the need for family relationships FEEDBACK: Victorian moralists were afraid that the increased emphasis on sexual pleasure and sexual identity would encourage men to "get to know themselves" by masturbating. If they could sexually gratify themselves, why would they need wives? These moralists did not seem to be concerned about women as they did not take women's sexuality and sexual pleasure seriously. In fact, sometimes doctors treated "hysteria" by bringing women to orgasm.

The most common sexually transmitted disease is _____. HIV/AIDS genital herpes human papillomavirus (HPV) chlamydia

human papillomavirus (HPV) FEEDBACK: Despite the high profile and cultural impact of HIV/AIDS, a number of other STDs are much more common. The most common is human papillomavirus (HPV) although usually harmless, in about 10 percent of cases it persists, leading to an increased risk of cervical cancer.

As a result of a situation in which teenagers were texting naked pictures of themselves, Alaina began a public education program in her community to address what she sees as what kind of environment for adolescents? educational hypersexualized equality-oriented judgmental

hypersexualized FEEDBACK: Adolescents have become technology-savvy, have easy access to online pornography, and use social media, but they don't always think about the consequences of their actions.

On average, married people have ____ sex and report ______levels of satisfaction than unmarried people. more/ higher more/ lower less/ higher less/ lower

more/ higher FEEDBACK: While single people may seem to have more options for sexual partners, married people may have easier "access." Higher satisfaction among married couples may be related to greater trust, fewer concerns about pregnancy, and the importance of emotional expression within marriage.

Teenage pregnancy was considered less of a social problem in the 1960s because _____. teenage sex was considered immoral and was therefore relatively rare sexual education was more comprehensive people got married younger and teenagers who got pregnant were often expected to marry before giving birth most dates were supervised by parents or other adults

people got married younger and teenagers who got pregnant were often expected to marry before giving birth FEEDBACK: Unmarried teenage pregnancy was less of an issue before the 1960s, not because teenagers didn't have sex but because they got married younger. And teenagers who got pregnant were often expected to marry before giving birth. After the mid-1960s, the tendency to marry during a pregnancy (so-called shotgun weddings) dropped dramatically due to the growing acceptability of single motherhood and the availability of legal abortion starting in the 1970s.

What is the sexual double standard? putting stricter controls on women's sexual behavior than on men's the general pattern of men having more sexual partners than women the general pattern of women having more sexual partners than men the practice of schools teaching both comprehensive and abstinence-only sex education

putting stricter controls on women's sexual behavior than on men's FEEDBACK: In our society women are often assumed to be more passive and sexually inhibited while men are more oriented toward performance and taking pride in having a large number of sexual partners. These assumptions (which include the idea that men "do" sex to women) create a moral standard that views women who pursue sex for pleasure as morally corrupt. There are more legal controls on women's sexuality as well as the pressures of social norms to conform to a passive and monogamous sexuality. This attitude is changing slowly (as can be seen in the greater acceptance of sex outside marriage for both women and men).

When one studies sexual orientation, heterosexuality is _____. most often focused on explicitly rarely discussed explicitly and often assumed to need no explanation viewed as the same as homosexuality seen as stigmatized

rarely discussed explicitly and often assumed to need no explanation FEEDBACK: The fact that much research on sexuality focuses on homosexuality reflects the assumption that everyone is heterosexual and the notion that what is "normal" does not need to be explained. This is similar to the way research on race often ignores Whites.

An example of the separation of sexuality from reproduction is _____. sex after menopause sex during reproductive years older people's using contraception the greater number of single, older women

sex after menopause FEEDBACK: Humans (along with two kinds of whales) are the only mammal species known to have a long lifespan after the end of their reproductive years, after menopause. The evolutionary reason for a woman to live so long after she can no longer bear children (in many cases more than half her life) at first was not clear to scientists.

Teen boys tend to report more pleasurable sexual experiences, higher self-esteem, and more popularity than teen girls, who often report feeling bad about themselves if they are sexually active. This is an example of _____. adolescence statutory rape sexual double standard promiscuity

sexual double standard FEEDBACK: Social norms around sex and sexual activity for boys and men encourage and condone sexual activity and even having high numbers of sexual partners. Conversely, girls and women are viewed negatively when they are sexually active, particularly if they have multiple partners or pursue men. These norms, of course, focus on heterosexual encounters.

When sociologists examine sexually transmitted diseases, several broad issues stand out as particularly important, including _____. social networks, sex education, and inequality erectile dysfunction, the pill, and pregnancy sex education, access to the Internet, and cars biology, race, and gender

social networks, sex education, and inequality FEEDBACK: Sex education provides people with information on how to protect themselves. Studying social networks allows researchers to see the pattern of relationships that shapes the course of a disease. Understanding these networks can help educators and heath care providers slow the spread of infection. And an individual's sexual health is dependent on access to education, family structure, behavior, and health care. All of these factors are shaped by social inequality.

The notion that sexual orientation is not the same as behavior means that _____. someone who has a romantic relationship with someone of the same sex is gay people always behave in line with their identities sometimes people who identify as gay or lesbian have heterosexual romantic relationships sexual behavior determines sexual identity

sometimes people who identify as gay or lesbian have heterosexual romantic relationships FEEDBACK: Sexual orientation is an identity people claim that reflects which genders they are romantically attracted to. Though this pattern of attraction exists on a continuum, most people identify as heterosexual or homosexual and our society encourages this either-or identity. Even though people may identify as heterosexual, they may engage in romantic relationships with same-gender people and not alter their identities.

Contrary to popular beliefs about the degree to which women's menstrual cycles govern their moods, research has found that women's moods vary more depending on the day of the week than on the time of the month. This is an example of _____. the importance of social influences on biology evolution survival of the fittest the sexual double standard

the importance of social influences on biology FEEDBACK: This is one example of how biological forces often operate in the background and are influenced by social constructs (in this case the designation of workdays and weekends). The evolutionary perspective argues that human behavior is instinctive or based in biology so that any common behavior or inequality must be for the good of the species. If that is true, then it could be argued that rape, murder, and infanticide are acceptable behaviors.

What is the most common form of birth control women in the United States use today? Depo-Provera injections condoms intrauterine devices the pill

the pill FEEDBACK: Of women of child-bearing age (15 to 44), 82 percent have used the pill.

One explanation for the increase in the percentage of people who have sexual intercourse before marriage is _____. people are having sex at much younger ages than they used to the typical age of first marriage has increased and married people had sex when they were younger most people expect their spouses to be sexually experienced the increase is actually misunderstood

the typical age of first marriage has increased and married people had sex when they were younger FEEDBACK: As the age at first marriage has increased, people marry after having sex in their late teens and early 20s (some of them with their eventual marriage partners).

Encouraged by the federal government, many states instituted rigorous abstinence-only education programs in schools in the mid-1990s to the late 2000s. Students who took "virginity pledges" to accompany these programs _____. were less likely to have premarital sex were less likely to use birth control when they had sex were more likely to use birth control when they had sex waited to have sex until they were married

were less likely to use birth control when they had sex FEEDBACK: Studies of abstinence-only education have shown that they do not affect the sexual behavior of teenagers. Some students were encouraged by religious leaders to take "virginity pledges." While they promised not to have sex until they were married, many did not keep the pledge and when they did have sex they were less likely to use birth control than students who did not take a pledge.