Sociology quiz 1-6, Sociology of Fam Ch. 7 Review

The association of the color pink with girls and blue with boys ____>

Is a relatively new gender rule.

An androgynous gender approach to parenting is one that _____

Is gender neutral

Lisa has a White mother and a Black father, but when asked to self-identify her race she chooses Black, not White or mixed. This may be because ______.

People tend to apply the same identities to themselves as others apply to them

When children are neglected or abused by their parents the institutional arena of the ______ intervenes in the institutional arena of the ___________

State; family

(Q006) Beth and Kathryn were married in Massachusetts. If we wish to distinguish the characteristics of different types of married couples, we could refer to this marriage between two people of the same gender as ______.

a. homogamy

(Q016) When they were instituted in the early twentieth century, programs like Social Security and Aid to Dependent Children promoted marriage by ______.

a. making women who never married or who divorced ineligible

Under the ideology of separate spheres, what were separated?

a. men at work and women at home

(Q010) The family wage refers to the ______.

a. wage necessary for a male earner to provide for his wife and children

Why is the family considered an institution

because family relations are influenced by a set of commonly held expectations about how members are supposed to interact

Why is the family considered an institution?

because family relations are influenced by a set of commonly held expectations about how members are supposed to interact

The idealized "traditional" nuclear family, consisting of male breadwinner and female homemaker, was the most common arrangement:

beginning in the mid-twentieth century

Research finds that religious Americans are more likely than nonreligious people to

believe breadwinner-homemaker families are best

Which of the following is a reason for lower rates of marriage among African Americans?

black men have problems becoming employed due to a shrinking manufacturing industry

Most African American slave children lived with:

both parents

Pallavi's parents are professionals, as are their siblings and most of their friends. They are able to draw on their social networks to help Pallavi achieve her goals. This is an example of

bourdieus social capital

extension of temporary work permits to Mexican laborers, which led to permanent settlement of families in the United States

bracero program 1942-64

What contributed to the decline of courtship in the process of mate selection?

c. increasing freedom for young adults

(Q011) In Europe prior to the formation of the United States, what was the principal role of marriage?

c. system of property and labor cooperation

Since census categories have _____, we can argue that ______.

changed; ideas about what constitutes a family have evolved

conflict perspective example

family life differs dramatically for women and men, and these experiences are also shaped by race, ethnicity, and social class.

feminist theory example

family members enact their particular roles (parent, child, sibling, spouse) based on others' expectations of them.

According to Daniel Patrick Moynihan's 1965 report, what was the main cause of poverty for the Black population?

family structure

According to the text, what had a significant impact on the emergence of the dating system in the early to mid-twentieth century?

cars

In the early 1900s, the reasons for marriage began to change. This cultural shift is known as:

institution to companionship

Why is intermarriage the "litmus" test of racial and ethnic difference?

its frequency allows the measurement of the integration of two groups

Which theory sees people as individuals entering into mutual relationships in order to maximize their own gain?

Exchange theory

Labor of some produces wealth that is controlled by others

Exploitation

Measures inequality in which 0 represents complete equality whereas 1 represents complete inequality

GINI index

Michelle likes to do the same "girl-typical" activities as her big sister. Michelle's wanting to be like her sister, whom she considers a peer, is an example of _____.

Gender Conformity.

Contemporary American Indians who live on reservations or other tribal lands are often socially isolated and poor. These social conditions may contribute to ______.

Higher rates of suicide, diabetes, and alchoholism

In occupations that require similar levels of job training, education, and risk, those dominated by neb tend to have ______ wages and _____ status than those dominated by women

Higher; higher

In the early 1900s, the reasons for marriage began to change. This cultural shift is known as:

Institution of companionship

Andi's sex chromosomes do not match her sexual anatomy. Her condition is known as ______.

Intersex

Socialization _____.

Is a lifelong process by which people learn to act and think in the light of what they believe others expect of them.

The official poverty line (threshold)

Is based on the cost of a government determined "economy food plan" times three

Lists some things about Poverty

Is concentrated by race/ethics, and closely related to family structure, homelessness.

What happened to the poverty line in the early 2000's?

It increased dramatically

What happened to the poverty rate in the 2000s?

It increased dramatically

Although there is not a single definition, one common trait of big data is

It is complex enough to require special technology

The 1942-1964 Bracero Program, which extended "temporary" work permits to millions of Mexican workers, had what effect on Mexican families?

It opened the door for many families to settle in the United States.

Why is intermarriage the "litmus test" of racial and ethnic difference?

Its frequency allows the measurement of the integration of two groups

Why is intermarriage the "litmus" test of racial and ethnic difference?

Its frequency allows the measurement of the integration of two groups

Why is intermarriage the "litmus" test of racial and ethnic difference?

Its frequency allows the measurement of the integration of two groups.

The practical opportunity to achieve desired materials conditions and personal experiences, such as poor people have a lover chance at achieving this

Life Chances

When a neighborhood includes just a few poor families, those families can rely on friends and neighbors for support. Which of the following happened as a result of the deindustrialization of northern cities and the concentration of urban poverty?

Local institutions, such as churches and schools, lost funding

Since the nineteenth century, what has happened to children?

Lost of Economic Value and more emotional value

Alyssa was born to a young single mother and grew up in a poor rural area with low-quality schools. According to the sociological concept of life chances, she has a __________ of becoming rich because __________.

Low chances; the practical change of doing so it so small

When they were instituted int he early twentieth century, programs like Social Security and Aid to Dependent Children promoted marriage by________

Making women who never married or who divorced ineligible

What pair of terms refer to biological sex?

Male and Female

What is true about male and female death rates?

Males are more likely to die at every age

According to your textbook, which pattern would show a society with a big division between social classes?

Many family ties within each class and few ties between classes

According to the textbook, what pattern would show a society with a big division between social classes?

Many family ties within each class and few ties in-between classes

During the 1960's and after, ________ increased the independence of middle-class and more educated women, while _______ increased the independence of poor women.

Market forces; state forces

In American legal tradition, the definition of "family" is based on

Marriage and biology

Children's parents who are college educated are _________ likely to have internet access at home and to spend _______ time watching tv than those who have parents that have a high school diploma or less.

More; less

From 1638 to the end of the transantlantic slave trade in 1807, the marriages of enslaved Africans were not legally recognized and children were the property of slave owners. In this context ______.

Most slavers were marries and most children lived with both parents

For the most purposes of the contemporary Census, a family

Must occupy the same household

Respect for elders, reliance on extended family networks, and matrilineal descent are characteristics of which Early American groups?

Native Americans

Over the course of the twentieth century, there was a trend in households from primarily married-couple households toward:

No new dominant standard

Zoe was born male and later transitioned to female by taking hormones and undergoing surgery. Zoe doesn't identify as male or female but as a "third sex." Zoe is an example of someone who might be describes as_______.

Non-Binary

Why do some white Americans have a strong ethnic identity while others do not

Not all Europeans in the United States were automatically considered white.

Which of the following demonstrates the increased likelihood that adults will spend more of their lives outside marriage than in the past?

a higher percentage of adults living with no relatives

Jesus and Maria live together (as intimate partners) but are not married. For census purposes, they are defined as ...

a household

According to the one-drop rule

a white woman could give birth to a black child, but a black woman couldn't give birth to a white child.

(Q005) What does this figure show about trends in names given to baby girls?

a. there is more diversity, with the most common names becoming less prevalent

(Q008) The baby boom refers to births in the United States in which years?

a. 1946-1964

(Q023) Which of these factors does the textbook cite as a reason family sizes became smaller over the course of the nineteenth century?

a. The logic of child rearing changed to require more resources.

(Q007) According to the text, what had a significant impact on the emergence of the dating system in the early to mid-twentieth century?

a. cars

The pattern of high educational achievement and intergenerational living by Asian Americans may be explained by cultural traditions, but also by

highly educated professional parents who provide models and opportunities for their children.

Illegal border crossing is more dangerous and undocumented male immigrants are more likely to establish permanent residence and bring their families.

homeland security act 2002

Beth and Kathryn were married in Massachusetts. If we wish to distinguish the characteristics of different types of married couples, we could refer to this marriage between two people of the same gender as

homogamy

The segregation of women and men into particular occupations can be explained (at least in part) by which of the following? Choose all that apply.

individual choices shaped by childhood gender socialization, employer bias

According to the textbook, the decline of the name Mary in the United States represents the rising trend of what attitude?

individualism

Social and cultural changes have brought about more __________, which some argue has weakened marriage ties; however, researchers suggest that the relationships that do survive are emotionally stronger.

individualism

modernity example

individuals choose their own type of family and their role within it in order to find personal fulfillment.

state

institutional arena where through political means, behavior is legally regulated, violence is controlled, and resources are redistributed

Potential immigrants must be notified if their future spouses have a criminal history or have applied for multiple immigrant petitions. Has not been effectively implemented.

international marriage broker regulation act 2005

Andi's sex chromosomes do not match her sexual anatomy. Her condition is known as

intersex

Shawn was born with ambiguous genitalia and XX chromosomes. This is a condition known as __________, and as a result Shawn's parents decided to label her female and raise her as a girl.

intersex

socialization

is a life-long process by which people learn to act and thing, in light of what they believe others expect of them

the association of the color pink with girls and blue with boys

is a relatively new gender rule

What happened to the poverty rate in the 2000s?

it increased dramatically

When has poverty increased the most?

2000s

cohort

a group of people who experience an event together at the same point in time

What contributed to the decline of courtship in the process of mate selection?

Increasing freedom for young adults

feminist theory

a theory that seeks to understand and ultimately reduce inequality between men and women

The granting of marriage licenses is an example of which institutional arenas interacting?

state and family

Since the 1900's, the trend in age at first marriage __________

Decreased until the 1950s and then significantly

Lim marries someone from inside his cultural group. Which term best applies to this situation?

Endogamy

Since the nineteenth century what has happened with children?

The lost economic value and gained emotional value

What do you think sociologists mean when they refer to the market?

The market is the arena where labor for pay, economic exchange, and wealth accumulation take place

What do you think sociologists mean when they refer to the market?

The market is the arena where labor for pay, economic exchange, and wealth accumulation take place. And where the richer gets richer

A conflict theorist would say that social inequality stems from

The process by which the labor of some produces wealth that is controlled by others

What is the primary reason the proportion of people age 65 or older living in poverty is smaller today compared with the 1960's?

The social security program distributes more money to retired people than in the 1960's

The poor have had a difficult time moving out of poverty because

The value of the federal minimum wage has declined significantly of the last 40 years.

Since, the 1980s, what is the pattern of names given to baby girls?

There is increasing diversity, with the most common names becoming less prevalent

A reporter is writing an article about social mobility in the United States. As a sociologist, you advise her that

There is little substantial upward social mobility

Why is it difficult for children to escape poverty?

They follow their parents economic situtations

Since the nineteenth century, what has happened to children?

They lost economic value and gained emotional value

Growing family diversity has come from which type of household becoming less common?

b. married couples

What are the two dominant institutional arenas that the family interacts with?

state and market

When children are neglected or abused by their parents, the institutional arena of the ______ intervenes in the institutional arena of the ______.

state; family

When children are neglected or abused by their parents, the institutional arena of the __________ intervenes in the institutional arena of the ________

state; family

exchange theory

the theory that individuals or groups with different resources, strengths, and weaknesses enter into mutual relationships to maximize their own gains

In the early 1900s, the reasons for marriage began to change. This cultural shift is known as:

"institution to championship"

Which of the following best explains the decline in marriage among African Americans in the last several decades? *The lack of suitable marriage partners available for women *The tendency of African-American men marry White women *increasing intermarriage between the different ethnic groups *Cultural values that deemphasize child rearing

*The lack of suitable marriage partners available for women

Lisa has a White mother and a Black father, but when asked to self-identify her race, she chooses Black, not White or mixed. This reflects which of the following? (Choose all that apply) *the history of the "one-drop" rule *the fact that people tend to apply the same identities to themselves as others apply to them *the biological basis of race *the social construction of race

*the history of the "one-drop" rule *the social construction of race

Jacob and Ashley are a young couple in their early 20s who have been together for two years and are contemplating marriage. Which of the following is a likely reason why they may choose to get married despite the fact that marriage rates are in decline? (Choose all that apply.)

-although there are alternatives to marriage, most couples imitate common behavior patterns -family members, religious leaders, and others may pressure them to marry -there are a variety of government and market incentives for them to marry

Economic instability has become pronounced among young adults without college degrees, especially young men. As a result, which of the following is true. Select all that apply.

-especially as they reach their 30s, the marriage prospects of economically insecure men grow bleaker -young adults have a greater tendency to delay marriage, perhaps in favor of a less committed cohabitation relationship

In 1894, Wong Kim Ark, who was born in San Francisco, attempted to visit his parents in China. On his return, authorities declared that, due to which law, he could not be a citizen because his parents were Chinese?

1882 Chinese Exclusion Act

The baby boom refers to births in the United States in which years?

1946-1964

The baby boom refers to the births in the US in which years?

1946-1964

Sarah, a U.S. citizen, was working in Argentina when she met and married Marcos. When Sarah's job transferred her back to the U.S., Marcos was able to Immigrate because _______.

1965 amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act

Sarah, a U.S. citizen, was working in Argentina when she met and married Marcos. When Sarah's job was transferred back to the United States, Marcos was able to immigrate because of what Act?

1965 amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act

Marriage between Whites and people of other races has been legal in all U.S. states since

1967

According to the text, when did progress toward gender integration of fields of study stall?

1980's

In 1980, the richest 1% of the population earned 11% of all income. How much did the richest % of individuals earn by 2014?

20%

When did the U.S. Census begin identifying multiple-race identities?

2000

Jesus and Maria live together (as intimate partners) but are not married. For census purposes, they are defined as

A household. Maybe that's because there is no where on the Census form for a household living as roommates?

Using _______ helps ensure that research results are not skewed by who is included or excluded in a survey or interview.

A random sample

Pallavi's parents are professionals, as are their siblings and most of their friends. They are able to draw on their social networks to help Pallavi achieve her goals. This is an example of

Bourdieu's social capital

Over the course of the twentieth century, there was a trend in households from primarily married-couple households toward:

Emotional expectations became a fundamental weakness.

James and Natasha identify as African American. Reflecting a dominant pattern for African Americans, they have children together and are not marries. Sociologists might explain their family structure as reflecting _______.

A response to social and economic challenges

A group of people who share common interests and similar levels of education and income can be referred to as

A social class

Families began having fewer children in the nineteenth century. Which of the following was NOT a contributor to this change? A)Widely available information about birth control B) Couples wanted fewer children C) Decreased infant death rate D) Couples learned how to prevent pregnancy

A) Widely available information about birth control

Match the era to the ideal of childhood... A. Children were considered to be blank slates of innocence. B. Children played economic roles and the "idea" of childhood did not exist. C. There were less parental authority and closer parent-child relationships.

A. emerging modern childhood B. Colonial America C. Modern

According to your textbook, the issue of undocumented immigration is less a matter of border security and increasingly a question of how to treat the immigrants and their families because ______.

About two-thirds of undocumented immigrants have been in the country 10 years or more

Working Class Parents practice

Accomplished of natural growth

According to "History Detectives: Genealogy," the best potential sources to inform about family ancestry are all of the following, EXCEPT: A) National Genealogical Society B) Archives C) Both relatives and friends D) Internet

C) Both relatives and friends

Of families in the following groups, which is most likely to be poor? Latinos American Indian Black Asians Whites

American Indian

What race of families is most likely to be poor?

American Indians

What is the relationship between industrial change and black family structure in the past 40 years?

As manufacturing opportunities declines, marriage rates increased

Although interest in astrology is declining, many Americans still believe in astrology. According to research by OkCupid, reported in your textbook, what can we learn about dating compatibility from people's astrological signs? Astrological signs have no bearing on dating compatibility. Some combinations of signs are more likely to produce good matches. Some combinations of signs are best avoided. Astrology is too complicated to draw simple conclusions about dating.

Astrological signs have no bearing on dating compatibility. FEEDBACK: OkCupid used the answers users provided to several hundred questions and compared the match scores to zodiac signs. They found that zodiac signs say nothing about compatibility.

The idealized "traditional" nuclear family, consisting of male breadwinner and female homemaker, was the most common arrangement:

Beginning of the mid-20th century

Research finds that religious Americans are more likely than nonreligious people to _______.

Believe breadwinner-homemaker families are the best

Even though __________ doesn't support the classification of people into races, deeply felt divisions between groups of people remain important _________.

Biology; socially

The expansion of the prison system impacted Black families in what way?

Black grandparents were more likely to live with their grandchildren

Palace's parents are professionals, as are their siblings and most of their friends. They are able to draw on their social networks to help Pallavi achieve her goals. This is an example of what?

Bourdieu's social capital

A family consisting of two parents and their children, whose priorities are personal fulfillment and common affection, would be considered a:

Companionship Family

Which of the following is NOT a major trend in the historical changes in American family life? A) Family size has decreased B) The economic function of the family has been transformed C) Divorce rates have skyrocketed D) Families have become more diverse

C) Divorce rates have skyrocketed

(Q024) Match each era to the ideal of childhood. Children played economic roles and the ideal of carefree childhood did not exist. Children were viewed as "blank slates" for parents and society to shape. Children had closer relationships with their parents and were subject to less parental authority.

CA EMC M

According to the text, what had a significant impact on the emergence of the dating system in the early to mid twentieth century?

Cars

Census categories have _____, so we can argue ______.

Changed; ideas about what constitutes a family has evolved

Keeping the poor from improving is caused by

Changes in public policy and family structure

Social Exchange Theory

Changing Minds. Where one benefits off the other. For example, Alisha makes more than Greg, so to make up for the lost of income differences, Greg stay at home. Societal Changes by exchanging these differences. Rational and mutually beneficial .

Modernity

Children had closer relationships with their parents and were subject to less parental authority

Colonial America

Children played economic roles and the ideal of carefree childhood did not exist

Emerging Modern Childhood

Children were viewed as "blank slates" for parents and were subject to less parental authority

Middle Class parents practice

Concerted Cultivation

Elizabeth takes piano lessons, plays on a travel soccer team, attends after-school tutoring sessions, goes to science camp, and is encouraged by her parents to question teachers, doctors, and other adults in positions of authority. Elizabeth's college-educated professional parents engage in a style of parenting called

Concerted cultivation

For the purposes of the contemporary census, a family

Contemporary Census, is the new Census. Currently they seek that having a single household defines a family.

What is one key difference between contemporary dating and courtship customs of the past? Contemporary dating usually takes place in the market arena, often involving personal spending and commercial consumption. Contemporary dating is guided by parents and community members who play a significant role in deciding who should date. Contemporary dating usually takes place in private. Contemporary dating does not involve what sociologists would call a "social script."

Contemporary dating usually takes place in the market arena, often involving personal spending and commercial consumption. FEEDBACK: Dating usually involves spending money. How much money is spent can vary significantly and may involve activities like going out to dinner, renting movies at home, attending concerts, or skydiving. Spending may also include transportation, clothing, and makeup. Dating is a big business.

Lisa has a White mother and a Black father, but when asked to self-identify her race, she chooses Black, not White or mixed. This reflects which of the following

Correct Answer Correct Response the history of the "one-drop" rule Correct Answer Correct Response the fact that people tend to apply the same identities to themselves as others apply to them Incorrect Response the biological basis of race Correct Answer Correct Response the social construction of race

As mate selection became less a matter of economics and status and more an emotional endeavor, young people began the practice of:

Courtship

According to recent feminist family theorists, which statement is true? A) Family types are biologically determined and rarely change B) What is good for some women is good for all women C) Men and women have very similar experiences of family life D) Family types are socially constructed and changing

D) Family types are socially constructed and changing

Christian traditions that included monogamous marriage and required a woman to be faithful to her husband and a man to economically support his wife and children were written in secular laws that enforced "monogamous morality." Which of these are examples? Choose all that apply.

Dawes Act and the Comstock Act

Since 2009, trends in illegal immigration have _______.

Decreased

Since the 1990s, the percentage of high school students who ever had intercourse has _____, while the percentage who ever used condoms has _____. Increased/ increased Decreased/ decreased Increased/ decreased Decreased/ increased

Decreased/ increased FEEDBACK: High school students today are less likely to have intercourse than high school students in the 1990s and are much more likely to use condoms.

The percentage of adolescents receiving formal instruction on birth control ________ since the mid-1990s, while abstinence-only education _________. Increased/ increased Increased/ decreased Decreased/ decreased Decreased/ increased

Decreased/ increased FEEDBACK: Since 1995, the percentage of adolescents receiving formal instruction on birth control methods has fallen drastically. From the mid-1990s to the late 2000s, Washington distributed $1.9 billion to states and districts to teach abstinence-only programs. To accompany abstinence education some young people took "virginity pledges."

What contributed to the Black "retreat from marriage"?

Deindustrialization

In colonial America, Christian doctrine supported the legal concept of coverture, and wives_____

Did not have a legal existence, but were incorporated into their husbands' citizenship

José and Maria came to the United States from Mexico with their parents. They quickly learned English, but their parents struggle and also want to continue to speak Spanish at home in order to maintain their culture. This is an example of ______.

Dissonant Acculturation

Archeological findings in central Europe indicate which of the following about families?

Diverse family arrangements, and not only the nuclear family, were recognized by the villagers.

Archeological finding in central Europe indicate what insight about families?

Diverse family arrangements, not only the nuclear family, were recognized by the villagers

The social process of determining who does what work and for what reward

Division Of Labor

Kai and his family live in a small town in Minnesota and Amelia and her family live in Boston. According to the federal poverty line, both families are poor. However, the poverty line __________, making things even more difficult for Amelia's family in such an expensive city.

Does not consider geographical differences in cost of living

Patterns in contemporary African American family structure (low marriage rates, high rates of single parenthood) can be explained by

Economic oppression and lack of opportunity

The occupation with the highest percentage of men is ______, while the occupation with the highest percentage of women is _________.

Electricians, prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers

In the late twentieth century, cultural changes in the meaning of and motivation for marriage evolved in what way?

Emotional expectations became a fundamental weakness

Rich People tend to marry

Endogenously, which is within their own groups.

Most people who have cosmetic surgery choose procedure that do what?

Enhance the differences between sexes

Ernesto is a Cuban American living near Miami in South Florida. Which of the following statements about Ernesto is correct?

Ernesto's ethnicity is Cuban

Ernesto is a Cuban American living near Miami in South Florida. Which statement would be correct about him?

Ernesto's ethnicity is Cuban

Ernesto is a Cuban-American living near Miami in South Florida. Which of the following statements about Ernesto is correct?

Ernesto's ethnicity is Cuban

Jews share a common cultural identification that includes a combination of language, religion, ancestral origin, and traditional practices. According to your textbook, Jew are most accurately describes as a(n)____________.

Ethnic Group

Jews share a common cultural identification that includes a combination of language, religion, ancestral origin, and/or traditional practices. According to your textbook, Jews are most accurately described as

Ethnic Group

How frequently have the race and ethnicity categories on the U.S Census changed since 1880?

Every 10 years

Since 1880, the race and ethnicity categories on the U.S. Census form have changed

Every ten years

According to the ineractionist approach, gender differences within families exist primarily because of

Everyday behavior that reinforces gender distinctions

According to the interactionist approach, gender differences within families exist primarily because of

Everyday behaviors that reinforce the distinction of appropriate gender

According to Anthony Giddens and Modernity theory, as described by your textbook

Everyone is expected to make individual choices in their family relationships

Alisha and Greg both work full time outside the home. As a woman, Alisha earns less than Greg and is responsible for a greater share of the housework and child care in order to "make up" the difference. __________ might argue that this arrangement is rational and mutually beneficial.

Exchange Theorists

According to scholars Zhou and Lee in "Why Asian American Kids Excel: its not Tiger Moms,"social and economic advancement among second generation Asian Americans has NO correlation with family and ethnic community resources.

False

As Sated in the supplement link "Why Asian American kids excel, it's not Tiger Moms," scholars Zhou and Lee's study on second generation Asian Americans' achievements depicts legacy of ethno-parenting success. (True of False)

False

As seen in the video "Racial and ethnic and immigrant stereotypes and family: Role of media," Amy Chua endorses "Tiger Mom" parenting as the only path to achieving model minority status

False

As seen in the video "The Family in History Decline in birthrates, increase in women workers," since 1920s fertility rate in the U.S. has steeply increased and stabilized; this resulted in more number of women joining the labor force to increase household incomes. (True or False)

False

As seen in the video "The Family in History Decline in birthrates, increase in women workers," since 1920s fertility rate in the U.S. has steeply increased and stabilized;this resulted in more number of women joining the labor force to increase household incomes.

False

As seen in the video "race and ethnic and immigrant stereotypes: Role of media" Amy Chua is considered "first generation."

False

As stated in "Fewer births and divorces, more violence: how the recession affected the American family during economic recession," with the increase in unemployment rate in the U.S., fertility rate dropped steeply among women over the age 40.

False

As stated in "Fewer births and divorces, more violence: how the recession affected the American family during economic recession," with the increase in unemployment rate in the U.S., fertility rate dropped steeply among women over the age of 40. (True or False)

False

Provided in your supplement link, in the documentary on "Work and family life: The transnational families", it is stated that Philippine laborers maintaining transnational lives are less beneficial to their employers in host countries in the west. (True or False)

False

The video "Wealth Inequality in America", states that the wealth distribution in America follows socialist ideals. (True or False)

False

Maria, a latina immigrant, set aside her dreams of continuing her education to work and send money to her family in her country of origin. This is an example of the cultural trait of ____________.

Familism

According to Daniel Patrick Moynihan's 1965 report, what was the main cause of poverty for the Black population?

Family Structure

The demographic perspectives in family studies focus most on ______.

Family and Household structures

Which of the following is NOT a major trend in the historical changes in American family life

Family size has decreased. The economic function of the family has been transformed. Correct Answer Divorce rates have skyrocketed. Families have become more diverse.

According to modernity theory, which is a characteristic of the "late modern" (or second modernity) period?

Family ties are created by individuals deliberately and by choice

According to modernity theory, which is a characteristic of the late modern (or second modernity) period?

Family ties are created by individuals deliberately and by choice

According to modernity theory, which is a characteristic of the late modern (or second modernity) period?

Family ties are created by individuals deliberately and by choice. Yes, so again Modernity is the individual choice, and late or second is a continuation of modern institutional transitions and cultural developments

According to Modernity Theory, which is a characteristic of the late modern (or second modernity) period?

Family ties are created y individuals deliberately and by choice

According to recent feminist family theorists, which statement is true?

Family types are socially constructed and changing.

According to recent feminist family theorists:

Family types are socially constructed and changing.

What is true according to recent feminist theory?

Family types socially constructed are changing

For as long as she can remember, Nilay has liked to play with dolls while her brothers prefers trucks and tools. These were the toys given by their parents and their books contained illustrations of these same preferences. This is an example of _____>

Gender Socialization

Transgender people are people whose _______.

Gender identity does not match their assigned sex.

Jos was born female and was raised as a girl, but identifies as a man. His __________ does not match his assigned sex and is described as __________.

Gender identity; transgender

Andre and Latisha have a son and a daughter. Their son is expected to mow the lawn, take out the garbage, and wash the cars. Their daughter is expected to cook meals, vacuum, and pull weeds in the garden. This arrangement is an example of _______.

Gender socialization

When Anna was pregnant the ultrasound showed a female baby so she and her family and friends bought pink clothes, dolls, and other feminine items. They all assumed the baby's __________ based on the __________.

Gender; sex

In 2020, the U.S. Census plans to add a new category, "Middle Eastern or North African." According to your textbook, this is what type of designation?

Geographic Desingnation

In the Middle Class: Divergent Fortunes is caused by

Global Competition

What is one reason evolutionary scientists believe a woman lives so long after she can no longer bear children? Women are so abusive to their bodies when they are younger that they adapt as they age. When women's menstrual cycles stop, their hearts aren't taxed as much as men's hearts. Women are socialized to take fewer risks, so women's odds of dying decrease as they age. Grandmothers' caring for the young children in their families is valuable to species survival.

Grandmothers' caring for the young children in their families is valuable to species survival. FEEDBACK: The evolutionary reason for a woman to live so long after she can no longer bear children (in many cases more than half her life) at first was not clear to scientists. But we now believe that grandmothers' caring for the young children in their families is more valuable to species survival than bearing more children would be, and the benefit is great enough to justify the resources needed to keep them alive.

Erica, an African American woman, gave birth to her first child when she was unmarried and 21 years old. What is one reason sociologists might believe Erica is representative of other African American single mothers?

Her romantic partner was recently incarcerated due to racial profiling.

What demonstrates the increased likelihood that adults will spend more of their lives unmarried than in the past?

Higher percentage of adults living with no relatives

The pattern of high educational achievement and intergenerational living among Asian Americans may be explained by cultural traditions, but also by ______.

Highly educated professional parents who provide models and opportunities for their children

Jesus and Maria live together (as intimate partners) but are not married. For census purposes, they are defined as a

Household

The Chinese Exclusion Act (1882), The Immigration Act (1924), The War Brides Act (1945), The Homeland Security Act (2002), and the International Marriage Broker Regulation Act (2005) are all examples of:

Immigration laws that have affected both the separation and the unification of families

The federal government uses what to set tax rates?

Income Categories

We can argue that elevating marriage to the status of a true love relationship, instead of a relationship based on tradition and economic necessity, might contribute to a(n) __________ acceptance of divorce.

Increase

We can argue that elevating marriage to the status of a true love relationship. instead of a relationship based on tradition and economic necessity, might contribute to a(n) _______ acceptance of divorce

Increased

Since the 1950s, family income inequality in the United States has

Increased dramatically

Industrialization and the ideology of seperate spheres _________ economic inequality between husbands and wives and ___________ advantage grew.

Increased; husbands'

According to the textbook, the decline of the name Mary in the US represents the rising trend of what attitude?

Individualism

One of the most important trend in the U.S. history of the last half century has been the growth of

Inequality

What factor does the textbook cite as a reason family sizes became smaller over the course of the nineteenth century?

The logic of child rearing changed to require more resources

Job Loss and Economic Stress in general increases the likelihood of

Marriages ending in divorce

Growing Family Diversity has come for which type of household becoming less common?

Married Couples

Growing family diversity has come from which type of household becoming less common?

Married Couples

Children who live with ________ are concentrated in higher-income families, while children who live with _______ are concentrated to lower income families

Married parents; single parent

People with less income are less likely to

Marry

According to conflict theories, who benefits from family structures where women stay at home and men work for pay?

Men and employers

According to your textbook, what's the biggest reason women's median earnings were just 81% of men's earnings in 2015?

Men and women work in different jobs.

Under the ideology of separate spheres, what were separated?

Men at work and women at home

How have changes in gender demographics on college campuses affected the heterosexual college dating scene? Men get more dates because men outnumber women. Women get more dates because men outnumber women. Men get more dates because women outnumber men. Changes in gender demographics on college campuses have had no effect on dating.

Men get more dates because women outnumber men. FEEDBACK: Women's increased access to higher education means that women often significantly outnumber men on college campuses. This imbalance gives heterosexual men the dating advantage because fewer of them compete for dates.

Why do sociologists claim that joblessness led African Americans to retreat from the institution of marriage?

Men without jobs usually do not make attractive marriage partners

Sociologists studies the __________ of occupations of fathers with the occupation of their sons

Mobility

According to research, males and females are _______.

More alike than different

A society's Gini Index has shifted from 0.57 to 0.34. This means that

More families share a larger portion of the income

In 2016, women ages 25 to 34 were ______ than men to __________.

More likely; finish a BA degree

Poor families in the private rental market on average spend _________ of their income on housing expenses

More that 50%

According to your textbook, the consensus perspective takes which view?

Order is the core of social change WIKI: theory is a social theory that holds that a particular political or economic system is a fair system, and that social change should take place within the social institutions provided by it. HINT: Sounds like a Republican view

According to the textbook, the consensus theory takes which view?

Order is the core of social life

According to your textbook, the consensus perspective takes what view?

Order is the core of social life

According to your textbook, the consensus perspective takes which view?

Order is the core of social life.

Recently, some governments have begun to legally recognize that _____.

People identify with more than two genders.

Rosa thinks of her mother's best friend, Maria, as her aunt, and Maria treats Rosa as her niece. According to your textbook, Rosa and Maria could be labeled a

Personal family

In her research on social class and parenting, Annette Lareau found that poor and working-class parents engaged in a style of parenting she called the accomplishment of natural growth. These parents believed their children's success would be the natural outcome of a childhood spent

Playing informally and hanging out in mixed-age groups of friends and family

According to Cohen, what is the strongest predictor of a person growing to be poor

Poverty and family structure in childhood are related and equally strong predictors

According to Cohen, what is the strongest predictor of a person growing up to be poor?

Poverty and family structure in childhood are related and equally strong predictors.

What kind of identities and categories reflect perceptions about physical similarities that are assumed to be innate?

Racial

_______ identities and categories reflect perceptions about physical similarities that are assumed to be innate

Racial

One reason we know race is socially constructed and not biological given is ________>

Racial categories have changed over time

Rose is often told she "looks Latina," and in fact her grandparents came to the United States from Mexico. This is an example of ______.

Racial ethnicity

The scholarly view that Black Families are resilient and adaptive understands Black family structure as a _____.

Reaction to persistent poverty

_______ in northern industrial cities meant poverty was ______ in communities with a majority of Black residents when good-paying blue-collar jobs were eliminated by corporations.

Residential segregation; concentrated

__________ in northern industrial cities meant that poverty was ________ in communities with a majority of Black residents when good-paying blue collar jobs were eliminated by corporations.

Residential segregation; concentrated

Jamilla, who had a white mother, was brought up to see herself as white. When asked, she would say she was white. However, as she grew older, she began to embrace her Arab heritage and to instead identify as mixed race. Jamilla's example illustrates the strong role of what in racial identification?

Self-Identification

The ideology that dictates that women are naturally ideal for homemaking is known as:

Separate Spheres

Funtionlist theories argue that since social inequality exsits in all societies, it

Serves an essential purpose

While the average age for first intercourse is about 17 for both men and women, by the time people are in their late 30s, most men report________________ sexual partners, compared with __________ for women. Five/ seven Seven/ five Ten/ seven Five/ three

Seven/ five FEEDBACK: Despite the greater acceptance of sexual freedom, in the age range of 18 to 44, only 4 percent of men, and 2 percent of women, report having five or more partners in the previous year. Men on average increase their number of partners more rapidly through young adulthood.

A backlash among conservatives has demanded that transgender people by requited to use bathrooms that match their ________, not those that math their ______.

Sexes assigned at birth; gender identities

Shawn was born with ambiguous genitalia and XX chromosomes. Shawn's parents decided to label her female and raise her as a girl. What is Shawn's condition called?

Sexual Identity Disorder

In the 1950s and the economy was growing and the age at first marriage was lover than it had been in the first half of the century. There factors influenced employers to change their policy of hiring only _______

Single women

The access to resource one has by virtue of relationships and connections within a social network developed by Pierre Bourdieu

Social Capital

Consider the types of relationships you have with people of different racial and ethnic groups (neighbor, work colleague, close friend, spouse or partner). Sociologists use these relationships (and people's attitudes toward them) to measure

Social Distance

Elizabeth graduated from Princeton, as did her father. Her sister and brother graduated from Yale like their mother. After graduation, Elizabeth was able to use her __________ to help her get several interviews and ultimately her dream job.

Social capital

Consider the types of relationships you have with people of different racial and ethnic groups (neighbors, work colleagues, close friends, a spouse of partner). Sociologists use these relationships (and people's attitudes toward them) to measure ______.

Social distance

Jennifer's father was a lower-level manager of a department store. Jennifer was able to go to college and get her master's degree in business administration, and now she is a district manager overseeing all department stores that operate on the West Coast. This is an example of

Social mobility

When individuals internalize elements of a social structure and make those elements part of their personalities, they have experienced the result of ____.

Socialization

The fact that the U.S. government has changes the census categories for race every decade is a good example of how race and ethnicity are ________.

Socially Constructed

The granting of marriage licenses is an example of which institutional arenas interacting?

State and Family

What are the two dominant institutional arenas that the "family" interacts with?

State and Market

The granting of marriage licenses is an example of which institutional arenas interacting?

State and family

In Europe prior to the formation of the US, what was the principle role of marriage?

System of property and labor cooperation

Ways in which we can learn and research Social Class

The Capitalists and Corporate Managerial Class - The 1%, "Upper Class" Middle Class -50% identify Working Class -Much like the middle but less stable Lower Class -8% identify, rely on governmental assistance

How does the federal government define poorer people?

The Poverty Line by economy food plans

Since census categories have __________, we can argue that __________.

The census changes so often, so we can determine that families have evolved in insurmountable ways.

The fact that American Indians, Latinos, and African Americans are about three times more likely to be poor than whites is evidence of what?

The concentration of poverty by race-ethnicity.

When Irish immigrants arrived in the U.S. in large numbers in the mid-nineteenth century, they faced discrimination and poverty. By 1960, John F. Kennedy, an Irish American, was elected president. This is an example of assimilation, the process by which _______.

The distinction between immigrants and mainstream society gradually reduced

Since the 1970s, what has happened to the education earnings gap?

The gap between college graduates' and high school graduates' earnings has increased.

Sine the 1970's, what has happened to the education earnings gap?

The gap between the earnings of college and high school graduates has increased

Social Class is important for whom?

The government, such as policies (welfare) and tax

If society does not educate girls in the same way it educates boys, we would not expect to see many women leaders. This is an example of __________, not _______.

The influence of social practices on sex difference; men's innate leadership

Which of the following best explains the decline in marriage among African Americans in the last several decades?

The lack of marriages available for women

What best explains the decline in marriage among African Americans in the last several decades?

The lack of suitable marriage partners available for women

Using __________, researchers might try to explain attitudes toward same-sex marriage and adoption held by people born in different decades by examining the historical events that occurred at various points in their lives

The life course perspective

An ethnicity is a group of people with a common cultural identification, based on a combination of language, religion, ancestral origin, or

Traditional Practices

In the video "Wealth Inequality in America", it shows that 1% of America has 40% of whole nation's wealth. (True or False)

True

The expression "doing gender" refers to _______.

Turning sex categories into gender identities through personal interactions

Despite a remarkable loosening of the boundaries in the United States, most people still live, marry, reproduce, and raise children primarily

Within their own racial-ethic group

What pair of terns refer to social gender?

Woman and man

Between 1900 and 1965 the "industrial revolution" of household technologies such as dishwashers and microwave ovens impacted women's household labor in what way?

Women spent about the same amount of time on housework

Between 1900 and 1965 the "industrial revolution" of household technologies such as dishwashers and microwave ovens impacted women's household labor in what way?

Women spent about the same amount of time on housework.

Today's cities are changing to meet increases in the number of _____ and _______ living in urban environments.

Young single women; older adults

One of the ways the state shapes family life is by defining what relationships qualify as a family. In the textbook, the definition of family used by the government is described as the "legal family." What is the legal definition of a family?

a group of individuals related by birth, marriage, or adoption

The demographic perspective in family studies focus most on

family and household structures. Demographics = Structure of Households

The official recognition of romantic relationships reflects the intersections of the social institutions of the state and the family. Such legal and political processes make family forms _____. strictly a matter of personal preference a matter of public debate and personal preference less varied than in years past not suitable for public policy debates

a matter of public debate and personal preference FEEDBACK: The state (government) has always made policies about who can marry (determining who can be a family). This means that romantic relationships are regulated by a political process subject to public debate, but they are also informed by personal preferences of whom we love and with whom we want to form families.

The data in the Story Behind the Numbers indicates that _____. a much higher percentage of people have engaged in same-sex behavior than identify as homosexual or bisexual a much lower percentage of people have engaged in same-sex behavior than identify as homosexual or bisexual men seem to be more open to same-sex experimentation than women sexual behavior is clearly linked to identity

a much higher percentage of people have engaged in same-sex behavior than identify as homosexual or bisexual FEEDBACK: Same-sex attraction and behavior occur more frequently among women than men. Many more people experiment with same-sex behavior than claim a homosexual or bisexual identity, indicating that behavior and identity are not necessarily linked.

consensus perspective

a perspective that projects an image of society as the collective expression of shared norms and values

sample survey

a research method in which identical questions are asked of many different people and their answers gathered into one large data file

longitudinal surveys

a research method in which the same people are interviewed repeatedly over a period of time

James and Natasha identify as African American. Reflecting a dominant pattern for African Americans, they have children together and are not married. Sociologists might explain their family structure as reflecting

a response to economic challenges and lack of opportunity

James and Natasha identify as African American. Reflecting a dominant pattern for African Americans, they have children together and are not married. Sociologists might explain their family structure as reflecting

a response to economic challenges and lack of opportunity.

A group of people who share common interests and experiences a similar level of education, and a comparable income level can be referred to as

a social class

A group of people who share common interests and experiences a similar level of education, and a comparable income level can be referred to as what?

a social class

The common assumption that if a man and a woman kiss on a first date the man will initiate the kiss is an example of _____. sexual orientation a social script hooking up love

a social script FEEDBACK: Social scripts are common understandings of how social interactions are likely to happen. Knowing what we think we should expect helps us successfully navigate social interactions. While dating norms have changed a lot, the expectation that men will make the first sexual advance is still common.

In Europe prior to the formation of the United States, what was the principal role of marriage?

a system of property and labor cooperation

symbolic interactionism

a theory concerned with the ability of humans to see themselves through the eyes of others and to enact social roles based on others expectations

modernity theory

a theory of the historical emergence of the individual as an actor in society and how individuality changed personal and institutional relations

A larger proportion of people say they believe gay or lesbian relations are morally acceptable than believe what behavior is morally acceptable? having a baby outside of marriage abortion sex between an unmarried man and woman divorce

abortion FEEDBACK: Acceptance of homosexual relationships has increased dramatically in recent years. In fact, they are now viewed by more people as more acceptable than abortion. This is not to say that homophobia and inequality no longer exist, but that public opinion is shifting.

After sending a flirty message on a social media site to a person she was hoping to date, Claire worried why she didn't get an immediate response. This is an example of technology's role in __________. normalizing hookups increasing gender equality in relationships transforming love to become more utilitarian accelerating dating interactions

accelerating dating interactions FEEDBACK: The ability to respond immediately to text and online messages from a potential partner raises the expectations and uncertainties associated with not responding immediately. The convenience and efficiency of contemporary communications technology have also created new dramas.

lifted all numerical restrictions on the immigration of spouses, children, and parents of U.S. citizens and ended the country-based quota system; most immigrants now come as family members.

amendments to the immigration and nationality act 1965

breadwinner-homemaker family

an employed father, a non employed mother, and their children

Jews share a common cultural identification that includes a combination of language, religion, ancestral origin, and/or traditional practices. According to your textbook, Jews are most accurately described as

an ethnic group

Jews share a common cultural identification that includes a combination of language, religion, ancestral origin, and/or traditional practices. According to your textbook, Jews are most accurately described as what?

an ethnic group

Jews share a common cultural identification that includes a combination of language, religion, ancestral origin, and/or traditional practices. According to your textbook, Jews are most accurately described as

an ethnic group.

Compulsory heterosexuality is the _____. assumption that everyone is straight until there is solid evidence otherwise law that punishes homosexuality and the public support of it biological basis for sexual orientation fear of homosexuality, gays, and lesbians

assumption that everyone is straight until there is solid evidence otherwise FEEDBACK: Because heterosexuality is assumed to be the norm, many laws, policies, personal interactions, and social norms assume that everyone is heterosexual and also pressure individuals to conform.

(Q014) Since the nineteenth century, what has happened with children?

b. They lost economic value and gained emotional value.

(Q020) Which of the following demonstrates the increased likelihood that adults will spend more of their lives unmarried than in the past?

b. higher percentage of adults living with no relatives

(Q004) According to the textbook, the decline of the name Mary in the United States represents the rising trend of what attitude?

b. individualism

Elena and Kurt were both in their mid-20s and had been dating for over a year when Kurt told Elena he loved her. She responded with the same sentiment. Later, when she told her friends, Elena knew this meant something, but she wasn't sure if it meant that becoming engaged to be married would happen soon, if at all. This is an example of _____. changing social scripts hooking up endogamy tradition

changing social scripts FEEDBACK: The social script of exchanging "I love you" is commonly known to indicate that a relationship is likely moving to a deeper level. But changing norms and social scripts may make it difficult to know what that next step is.

barred Chinese from becoming citizens and blocked new immigration, preventing families from reunifying in the United States

chinese exclusion act 1882

One major illustration of the modern changes seen in marriage patterns is that __________ has now become an expected stage in relationships for the majority of

cohabitation

One way researchers think easy access to pornography in the Internet age affects sexual behavior and relationships is _____. women are more violent after watching porn college students who consume porn are less likely to use condoms themselves people are having less sex today than in the past porn is so common nowadays that exposure to it rarely creates conflict in marriages

college students who consume porn are less likely to use condoms themselves FEEDBACK: Some common features of porn have raised concerns about sexual health and behavior. For example, most porn does not include men wearing condoms, and college students who consume porn are less likely to use condoms themselves. Something for future research to determine is how porn is affecting sexual behavior and relationships, or family life generally.

For Sam, a particular process took many years as he told his close friends, family, work colleagues, and others that he is gay. Kylie, on the other hand, did not have to go through this process because she identifies as heterosexual. What process did Sam experience? homophobia coming out stigma evolution

coming out FEEDBACK: "Coming out" is the process of telling significant people that one is gay. People who identify as heterosexual do not have to come out because their sexual orientation is assumed.

In sociology, what are social scripts? the terminology for marriage and divorce prohibitions against certain kinds of romantic relationships commonly understood patterns of interaction used in familiar situations legal rules regarding sexual consent

commonly understood patterns of interaction used in familiar situations FEEDBACK: Social scripts are common understandings of how social interactions are likely to happen. Knowing what we think we should expect helps us successfully navigate social interactions.

A family consisting of two parents and their children, whose priorities are personal fulfillment and common affection, would be considered a:

companionship family

Elizabeth takes piano lessons, plays on a travel soccer team, attends after-school tutoring sessions, goes to science camp, and is encouraged by her parents to question teachers, doctors, and other adults in positions of authority. Elizabeth's college-educated professional parents engage in a style of parenting called

concerted cultivation

Elizabeth takes piano lessons, plays on a travel soccer team, attends after-school tutoring sessions, goes to science camp, and s encouraged by her parents to question teachers, doctors, and other adults in positions of authority. Elizabeth's college-educated professional parents engage in a style of parenting called what?

concerted cultivation

As mate selection became less a matter of economics and status and more an emotional endeavor, young people began the practice of:

courtship

Weber believes that the opportunity to succeed is

crucial to define class

An examination of physical traits that are commonly viewed as attractive in modern society seems to indicate that _____, rather than _____, play(s) a significant role in influencing mate selection. evolution/ cultural norms genes/ socialization the drive to reproduce/ utilitarian love cultural norms/ reproductive fitness

cultural norms/ reproductive fitness FEEDBACK: Research has tried to explain mate selection by arguing that certain traits have emerged through evolution and natural selection. However, contemporary norms of attractiveness (like a thin waist or a particular waist-to-hip ratio) do not necessary indicate health or the likelihood of reproductive success.

(Q009) Archeological findings in central Europe indicate what insight about families?

d. Diverse family arrangements, not only the nuclear family, were recognized by the villagers.

(Q015) Industrialization and the ideology of separate spheres ___________ economic inequality between husbands and wives and ____________ advantage grew.

d. increased; husbands'

(Q013) From 1638 to the end of the transatlantic slave trade in 1807, the marriages of enslaved Africans were not legally recognized and children were the property of slave owners. In this context ______.

d. most slaves married and most children lived with both parents

(Q022) Since the 1900s, the trend in age at first marriage ______.

decreased until the 1950s and then significantly increased

What contributed to the Black "retreat from marriage"?

deindustrialization

Asian-American women are twice as likely to marry non-Asians as are Asian men. This creates an intermarriage imbalance, which results in Asian-American men being less likely to get married at a young age. This is an example of __________ impacting marriage choices.

demography

In colonial America, Christian doctrine supported the legal concept of coverture, and wives

did not have a legal existence, but were incorporated into their husband's citizenship

(Q012) In colonial America, Christian doctrine supported the legal concept of coverture, and wives ______.

did not have a legal existence, but were incorporated into their husbands' citizenship

Contrary to earlier scientific beliefs, today's biologists generally see race as

differences that mostly evolved randomly

José and Maria came to the United States from Mexico with their parents. They quickly learned English, but their parents struggle and also want to continue to speak Spanish at home in order to maintain their culture. This is an example of

dissonant acculturation

Kai and his family live in a small town in Minnesota and Amelia and her family live in Boston. According to the federal poverty line, both families are poor. However, the poverty line __________, making things even more difficult for Amelia's family in such an expensive city.

does not consider geographical differences in cost of living

Todays single children parents mothers' are most likely to

dominate the lower and working class

A woman choosing to delay marriage longer than her mother did because she is able to support herself financially is an example of how __________ can contribute to declining marriage rates.

economics

The occupation with the highest percentage of men is __________, while the occupation with the highest percentage of women is __________.

electricians, pre-k and k teachers

Robert, a Victorian moralist, was concerned that the "epidemic" of male sexual self-satisfaction (masturbation) would result in _____. increased marital satisfaction blindness extra-marital affairs elimination of the need for family relationships

elimination of the need for family relationships FEEDBACK: Victorian moralists were afraid that the increased emphasis on sexual pleasure and sexual identity would encourage men to "get to know themselves" by masturbating. If they could sexually gratify themselves, why would they need wives? These moralists did not seem to be concerned about women as they did not take women's sexuality and sexual pleasure seriously. In fact, sometimes doctors treated "hysteria" by bringing women to orgasm.

Lin marries someone from inside his cultural group. Which term best applies to this situation?

endogamy

Aisha dated Robert for five years in her mid-20s. They discussed marriage, but Aisha's parents did not approve because Robert did not share the family's religion and culture. They broke up and Aisha ended up marrying a man with a similar cultural, religious, and economic background. This is an example of _____. homophily endogamy stigma rituals

endogamy FEEDBACK: Endogamy is the practice of marriage and reproduction within a group. People often marry people similar to them because of homophily (they have more contact with similar people) and utilitarian love (family and friends may be more likely to approve and the couple will maintain these contacts and resources).

Most people who have cosmetic surgery choose procedures that

enhance the difference between the sexes

Inequality severs as an

essential function

According to the interactionist approach, gender differences within families exist primarily because of

everyday behavior that reinforces gender distinctions

According to the interactionist approach, gender differences within families exist primarily because of ...

everyday behavior that reinforces gender distinctions

According to Anthony Giddens and modernity theory, as described in your textbook

everyone is expected to make individual choices in their family relationships. HINT* Modernity, is short for modern, duh, nowadays a lot of people, individualistically decides ultimately what choices they will make. This is a theory!

According to Anthony Giddens and modernity theory, as described in your textbook...

everyone is expected to take individual choices in their family relationships

Alisha and Greg both work full time outside the home. As a woman, Alisha earns less than Greg and is responsible for a greater share of the housework and child care in order to "make up" the difference. __________ might argue that this arrangement is rational and mutually beneficial.

exchange theorists

Alisha and Greg both work full time outside the home. As a women, Alisha earns less than Greg and is responsible for a greater share of the housework and child care in order to "make up" the difference. ______ might argue that this arrangement is rational and mutually beneficial.

exchange theorists

Maria, a Latina immigrant, set aside her dreams of continuing her education in order to work to send money to her family in her country of origin. This is an example of the cultural train of what?

familism

Maria, a Latina immigrant, set aside her dreams of continuing her education in order to work to send money to her family in her country of origin. This is an example of the cultural trait of

familism

The demographic perspective in family studies focus most on...

family and household structures

When a neighborhood includes just a few poor families, those families can rely on friends and neighbors for support. Which of the following happened as a result of the deindustrialization of northern cities and the concentration of urban poverty (choose all that apply)?

funding for schools declined, local churches lost members and financial support

transgender people are people whose

gender identity does not match their assigned sex

Jos was born female and was raised as a girl, but identifies as a man. His __________ does not match his assigned sex and is described as __________.

gender identity; transgender

Andre and Latisha have a son and daughter. Their son is expected to mow the lawn, take out the garbage, and wash the cars. Their daughter is expected to cook meals, vacuum, and pull weeds in the garden. This is an example of

gender socialization

For as long as she can remember, Nilay has liked to play with dolls while her brother prefers trucks and tools. These were the toys they were given by their parents and their books contained illustrations of these same preferences. This is an example of

gender socialization

When Anna was pregnant the ultrasound showed a female baby so she and her family and friends bought pink clothes, dolls, and other feminine items. They all assumed the baby's __________ based on the __________.

gender; sex

legal family

group of individuals related by birth, marriage or adoption

families

groups of related people, bound by connections that are biological, legal, or emotional

Research shows that in regard to happiness, married people are generally happier than unmarried people. One likely reason for this is that

happier people may be more attractive marriage partners

the term wedding industrial complex refers to the

high cost and large number of components of a modern-day wedding

(Q019) We can argue that elevating marriage to the status of a true love relationship, instead of a relationship based on tradition and economic necessity, might contribute to a(n) _______ acceptance of divorce.

higher percentage of adults living with no relatives

In occupations that require similar levels of job training, education, and risk, those dominated by men tend to have __________ wages and __________ status than those dominated by women.

higher, higher

The pattern of high educational achievement and intergenerational living by Asian Americans may be explained by cultural traditions, but also by

highly educated professional parents who provide models and opportunities for their children

The pattern of high educational achievement and intergenerational living by Asian Americans may be explained by cultural traditions, but also by ...

highly educated professional parents who provide models and opportunities for their children

People of similar racial-ethnic backgrounds and social classes tend to have more contact with one another. These shared experiences may also lead them to pair up in romantic relationships. This is an example of the principle of _____. hegemony homogamy homophily socialization

homophily FEEDBACK: The term homophily is used to describe the pattern of similar kinds of people having more of a particular kind of contact than dissimilar people. People who are similar along race and class lines are more likely to be neighbors and to attend school together than are people of different races or significantly different social classes. This trend makes it more likely that they will also be friends and romantic partners.

Rebecca's grandmother told her that when she attended college it was common for women to go on many dates each month with several different men. Rebecca wondered if today's practice is a different, yet similar form of behavior. What is the contemporary practice Rebecca is wondering about? dating courtship utilitarian love hooking up

hooking up FEEDBACK: While most students define hooking up as a kind of casual encounter, they also report having multiple hookups with the same person. The casual nature of hookups seems to indicate an understanding that these encounters are not long-term or exclusive relationships, similar to the dating scene of the mid-1950s despite its having been more formal.

The most common sexually transmitted disease is _____. HIV/AIDS genital herpes human papillomavirus (HPV) chlamydia

human papillomavirus (HPV) FEEDBACK: Despite the high profile and cultural impact of HIV/AIDS, a number of other STDs are much more common. The most common is human papillomavirus (HPV) although usually harmless, in about 10 percent of cases it persists, leading to an increased risk of cervical cancer.

As a result of a situation in which teenagers were texting naked pictures of themselves, Alaina began a public education program in her community to address what she sees as what kind of environment for adolescents? educational hypersexualized equality-oriented judgmental

hypersexualized FEEDBACK: Adolescents have become technology-savvy, have easy access to online pornography, and use social media, but they don't always think about the consequences of their actions.

minimal immigration as a result of a country-based quota system

immigration act 1924

Researchers conduct long interviews with open-ended questions with 40 couples.

in-depth interviews

We can argue that elevating marriage to the status of a true love relationship, instead of a relationship based on tradition and economic necessity, might contribute to a(n) __________ acceptance of divorce.

increased

Since the 1950s, family income inequality in the United States has

increased dramatically

Since the 1950s, family income inequality in the United States has what?

increased dramatically

Researchers have found that within the last few decades, those with less education are increasingly delaying their first marriage due to __________.

increased economic insecurity

Industrialization and the ideology of separate spheres __________ economic equality between husbands and wives, and __________ advantage grew.

increased; husbands'

What contributed to the decline of courtship in the process of mate selection?

increasing freedom for young adults

An extended family, guided by the authority of the father and functioning based on economic needs, would be considered a:

patriarchal family.

Since the Supreme Court's Windsor decision, which invalidated the Defense of Marriage Act and allowed the federal government to recognize same-sex marriages, the Internal Revenue Service and other federal agencies have written new rules that include same-sex married couples. These new tangible benefits are an example of the __________ of marriage.

legal status

Researchers interview or survey the same 1,000 families every 5 years over a 40-year period.

longitudinal

Alyssa was born to a young single mother and grew up in a poor rural area with low-quality schools. According to the sociological concept of life chances, she has a __________ of becoming rich because __________.

low chance, the practical chance of doing so is small

Children growing up with a single parent face particular challenges to social mobility. These include

lower incomes, less time with parens, and less access to social capital

Children growing up with a single parent face particular challenges to social mobility. These include

lower incomes, less time with parents, and less access to social capital

Children growing up with a single parent face particular challenges to social mobility. These include what?

lower incomes, less time with parents, and less access to social capital.

When they were instituted in the early twentieth century, programs like Social Security and Aid to Dependent Children promoted marriage by

making women who were never married or who divorced ineligible.

which pair of terms refers to biological sex

male and female

which statement is true about male and female death rates

males are more likely to die at every age

What is the relationship between industrial change and Black family structure in the past 40 years?

manufacturing opportunities declined and marriage rates declined

According to your textbook, which pattern would show a society with a big division between social classes?

many family ties within each class and few ties between classes

Compared to the past, one unique feature of relationships today is that __________. relationships tend to be less committed many long-term relationships start with sex more women are marrying men who are younger than them people tend to date people similar to themselves

many long-term relationships start with sex FEEDBACK: Sex outside of romantic relationships certainly isn't new, although sex often took place in the context of a relationship. Also, relationships now tend to start out as hookups, in which people have sex and then maybe pursue more serious relationships.

(Q018) During the 1960s and after, ________ increased the independence of middle-class and more educated women, while _______ increased the independence of poor women.

market forces; state forces

During the 1960s and after, __________ increased the independence of middle class and more educated women, while __________ increased the independence of poor women.

market forces; state forces

In the American legal tradition, the definition of family is based on

marriage and biology

In the American legal tradition, the definition of family is based on...

marriage and biology

In the American legal tradition, the definition of family is based on

marriage and biology.

How does the textbook suggest we can reconcile the paradox that while we still value the ideal of marriage as a lifelong commitment, contemporary culture is defined by individualism?

marriage can be understood as the result of a social expectation that we as individuals must make choices and find success in love

Growing family diversity has come from which type of household becoming less common?

married couple

Children who live with __________ are concentrated in higher-income families, while children who live with __________ are concentrated in lower-income families.

married parents, a single parent

What does endogamy mean? spreading disease among people in the same group marrying people in the same group the end of a marriage the study of marriage

marrying people in the same group FEEDBACK: Endogamy is the practice of marriage and reproduction within a group.

According to conflict theories, who benefits from family structures where women stay home and men work for pay?

men & employers

According to conflict theories, who benefits from family structures where women stay home and men work for pay?

men and employers

According to conflict theories, who benefits from family structures where women stay home and men work for pay?

men and employers This answer deals with Conflict Theory simply put social change caused by conflict, while it looks at how new patterns benefits (A) for those while hurting the others (B). The benefit is that women stay at home, while men work(B), and this ultimately benefits the employer (A)

Under the ideology of separate spheres, what two things were separated?

men at work and women at home

according to research, males and females are

more alike than different

A society's Gini Index has shifted from 0.57 to 0.34. This means what?

more families share a larger proportion of the income

Researchers develop a survey and ask the same questions to 40,000 randomly selected people.

sample survey

To say that the shift to market work contributed to women's independence within their families as well as from their families is to say that

more women had less work to do within the home, and because they had their own income, they were freer to live outside of a marriage relationship.

Children whose parents are college educated are __________ likely to have Internet access at home and to spend __________ time watching television than those whose parents have a high school diploma or less.

more, less

On average, married people have ____ sex and report ______levels of satisfaction than unmarried people. more/ higher more/ lower less/ higher less/ lower

more/ higher FEEDBACK: While single people may seem to have more options for sexual partners, married people may have easier "access." Higher satisfaction among married couples may be related to greater trust, fewer concerns about pregnancy, and the importance of emotional expression within marriage.

From 1638 to the end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade in 1807, the marriages of enslaved Africans were not legally recognized and children were the property of the slave owner. In this context,

most slaves married and most children lived with both parents.

For the purposes of the contemporary census, a family...

must occupy the same household

symbolic interactionism example

nuclear family, with a breadwinner man and homemaker woman and their children, in which their complementary roles result in harmony.

Researchers observed 15 families in their homes over a period of 1 year.

observation

Compared to 50 years ago, the population of single people looking for relationships is _____. more likely to include people who have never been married unlikely to include people with children older and more diverse younger and less diverse

older and more diverse FEEDBACK: More people are postponing marriage until they are older and more people are single after being divorced, so the population of single people is older and more diverse than in the past.

As extended family, guided by the authority of the father and functioning based on economic needs, would be considered a:

patriarchal family

Teenage pregnancy was considered less of a social problem in the 1960s because _____. teenage sex was considered immoral and was therefore relatively rare sexual education was more comprehensive people got married younger and teenagers who got pregnant were often expected to marry before giving birth most dates were supervised by parents or other adults

people got married younger and teenagers who got pregnant were often expected to marry before giving birth FEEDBACK: Unmarried teenage pregnancy was less of an issue before the 1960s, not because teenagers didn't have sex but because they got married younger. And teenagers who got pregnant were often expected to marry before giving birth. After the mid-1960s, the tendency to marry during a pregnancy (so-called shotgun weddings) dropped dramatically due to the growing acceptability of single motherhood and the availability of legal abortion starting in the 1970s.

One problem with using Becker's market principles to understand marriage choices is that

people often make bad decisions when they are in love, so we cannot assume that these decisions are rational

Rosa thinks of her mother's best friend, Maria, as her aunt, and Maria treats Rosa as her niece. According to your textbook, Rosa and Maria could be labeled a

personal family

Rosa thinks of her mother's best friend, Maria, as her aunt, and Maria treats Rosa as her niece. According to your textbook, Rosa and Maria could be labeled a ...

personal family

The increasing diversity of naming practices is indicative of:

personal freedom

In her research on social class and parenting, Annette Lareau found that poor and working-class parents engaged in a style of parenting she called the accomplishment of natural growth. These parents believed their children's success would be the natural outcome of a childhood spent

playing informally and hanging out in mixed-age groups of friends and family

In her research on social class and parenting, Annette Lareau found that poor and working-class parents engaged in a style of parenting she called the accomplishment of natural growth. These parents believed their children's success would be the natural outcome of a childhood spent ...

playing informally and hanging out in mixed-age groups of friends and family

Unmarried Female Head families are in

poverty

According to Cohen, what is the strongest predictor of a person growing up to be poor?

poverty and family structure in childhood are related and equally strong predictors

Utilitarian love refers to what? practical dedication to another person based on shared understanding and commitment sexual relations within a friendship, without commitment or obligation love for oneself above and beyond all others passionate devotion and attraction felt for another person

practical dedication to another person based on shared understanding and commitment FEEDBACK: Utilitarian love is more rational and practical than other forms of love, requiring people to think carefully about what makes a good partner. People work on their relationships and communicate what they want and need from them as well as what they can give.

What is the sexual double standard? putting stricter controls on women's sexual behavior than on men's the general pattern of men having more sexual partners than women the general pattern of women having more sexual partners than men the practice of schools teaching both comprehensive and abstinence-only sex education

putting stricter controls on women's sexual behavior than on men's FEEDBACK: In our society women are often assumed to be more passive and sexually inhibited while men are more oriented toward performance and taking pride in having a large number of sexual partners. These assumptions (which include the idea that men "do" sex to women) create a moral standard that views women who pursue sex for pleasure as morally corrupt. There are more legal controls on women's sexuality as well as the pressures of social norms to conform to a passive and monogamous sexuality. This attitude is changing slowly (as can be seen in the greater acceptance of sex outside marriage for both women and men).

_______ identities and categories reflect perceptions about physical similarities that are assumed to be innate.

racial

Rose is often told she "looks Latina", and in fact, her grandparents came to the United States from Mexico. This is an example of what?

racial Ethnicity

Rose is often told she "looks Latina," and in fact, her grandparents came to the United States from Mexico. This is an example of

racial Ethnicity

Which of the following are reasons that race is socially constructed and not biologically given (choose all that apply)?

racial categories vary from one culture to another, if we line up all humans by skin color, they would not align with existing racial categories

When one studies sexual orientation, heterosexuality is _____. most often focused on explicitly rarely discussed explicitly and often assumed to need no explanation viewed as the same as homosexuality seen as stigmatized

rarely discussed explicitly and often assumed to need no explanation FEEDBACK: The fact that much research on sexuality focuses on homosexuality reflects the assumption that everyone is heterosexual and the notion that what is "normal" does not need to be explained. This is similar to the way research on race often ignores Whites.

Contemporary American Indians who live on reservations or other tribal lands are often socially isolated and poor, these are social conditions that may contribute to higher (choose all that apply)

rates of suicide and diabetes and alcoholism

exchange theory example

rational individuals enter into family relationships that satisfy needs or necessities they cannot satisfy on their own.

The scholarly view that Black families are resilient and adaptive understands Black family structure as a

reaction to persistent poverty

The scholarly view that Black families are resilient and adaptive understands Black family structure as a ...

reaction to persistent poverty

Same-gender couples do not have well-established dating and relationship scripts to follow, an experience referred to as __________. hooking up endogamy relational ambiguity homophily

relational ambiguity FEEDBACK: While confusion about relationship scripts is common in society today, it is more pronounced in gay and lesbian relationships. The lack of well-established scripts increases stress and insecurity for many gays and lesbians.

__________ in northern industrial cities meant that poverty was ________ in communities with a majority of Black residents when good-paying blue collar jobs were eliminated by corporations.

residential segregation, concentrated

A survey used to study the benefits of marriage is given to members of a community. The results show that married respondents tend to have higher levels of income and higher levels of education compared to unmarried respondents. The findings of this survey likely demonstrate a __________ because the cause (marriage) has been

selection effect

The ideology that dictates that women are naturally ideal for homemaking is known as:

separate spheres

The greatest change in older adults' marital status is that they are more likely to be _________ in 2015 than they were in 1970. separated or divorced widowed never married married

separated or divorced FEEDBACK: Although most older adults continue to be married, Figure 7.3 shows that most single adults in the age range of 55 to 75 are divorced or separated. This is a major shift from half a century earlier, when most single people of those ages were widowed. Divorced people now dominate the population of older adults looking for new partners.

Functionalist theories argue that since social inequality exists in all societies, it

serves an essential purpose

Functionalist theories argue that since social inequality exists in all societies, it what?

serves as essential purpose

An example of the separation of sexuality from reproduction is _____. sex after menopause sex during reproductive years older people's using contraception the greater number of single, older women

sex after menopause FEEDBACK: Humans (along with two kinds of whales) are the only mammal species known to have a long lifespan after the end of their reproductive years, after menopause. The evolutionary reason for a woman to live so long after she can no longer bear children (in many cases more than half her life) at first was not clear to scientists.

Teen boys tend to report more pleasurable sexual experiences, higher self-esteem, and more popularity than teen girls, who often report feeling bad about themselves if they are sexually active. This is an example of _____. adolescence statutory rape sexual double standard promiscuity

sexual double standard FEEDBACK: Social norms around sex and sexual activity for boys and men encourage and condone sexual activity and even having high numbers of sexual partners. Conversely, girls and women are viewed negatively when they are sexually active, particularly if they have multiple partners or pursue men. These norms, of course, focus on heterosexual encounters.

Patterns of class identity are the results of

similar economic circumstances and experiences, such as owning wealth and property

(Q017) In the 1950s and the economy was growing and the age at first marriage was lower than it had been in the first half of the century. These factors influenced employers to change their policy of hiring only ______.

single women

(Q021) Today's cities are changing to meet increases in the number of _________ and _________ living in urban environments.

single women; older adults

Elizabeth graduated from Princeton, as did her father. Her sister and brother graduated from Yale like their mother. After graduation, Elizabeth was able to use her _____ to help her get several interviews and ultimately her dream job.

social capital

Consider the types of relationships you have with people of different racial and ethnic groups (neighbor, work colleague, a close friend, spouse or partner). Sociologists use these relationships (and people's attitudes toward them) to measure

social distance

Consider the types of relationships you have with people of different racial and ethnic groups (neighbor, work colleague, close friend, spouse or partner). Sociologists use these relationships (and people's attitudes toward them) to measure what?

social distance

Jennifer's father was a lower-level manager of a department store. Jennifer was able to go to college and get her master's degree in business administration, and now she is a district manager overseeing all department stores that operate on the West Coast. This is an example of

social mobility

When sociologists examine sexually transmitted diseases, several broad issues stand out as particularly important, including _____. social networks, sex education, and inequality erectile dysfunction, the pill, and pregnancy sex education, access to the Internet, and cars biology, race, and gender

social networks, sex education, and inequality FEEDBACK: Sex education provides people with information on how to protect themselves. Studying social networks allows researchers to see the pattern of relationships that shapes the course of a disease. Understanding these networks can help educators and heath care providers slow the spread of infection. And an individual's sexual health is dependent on access to education, family structure, behavior, and health care. All of these factors are shaped by social inequality.

institutional arena

social space in which relations between people in common positions are governed by accepted rules of interaction

Angela, who identifies as heterosexual, has been encouraged to invite her boyfriend to family events and her parents were happy to pay for her prom dress. Niki, who identifies as lesbian, is unable to bring a possible romantic interest to a family dinner or to attend her high school prom with her girlfriend. Niki's experience is in part a result of what issue that makes it difficult for lesbians and gays to pursue romantic relationships? social stigma romantic ideology endogamy utilitarian love

social stigma FEEDBACK: The social stigma against gays and lesbians makes it difficult for them to enter into romantic relationships. They may confront disapproval from family and friends as well as formal barriers (like the inability to legally marry or to openly attend events like high school proms with their partners).

According to the textbook, the marriage of Barack and Michelle Obama, two Harvard-educated lawyers, illustrates the role __________ plays in choosing a marriage partner.

socialization

When individuals internalize elements of the social structure and make those elements part of their personalities, they have experienced the results of

socialization

The fact that the U.S. government has changed the Census categories for race every decade is a good example of how race and ethnicity are

socially constructed

The fact that the U.S. government has changed the Census categories for race every decade is a good example of how race and ethnicity are ...

socially constructed

Racially segregated proms are possible because _____. no laws regulate public school decisions regarding segregated proms some public schools choose not to hold official proms, thereby tacitly supporting racially segregated private proms most high schools have very few mixed-race couples most proms are organized by Parent Teacher Association(s) rather than school boards

some public schools choose not to hold official proms, thereby tacitly supporting racially segregated private proms FEEDBACK: When public schools decide not to sponsor proms because they do not want racially integrated proms or because they do not want to recognize same-sex couples, the result may be that parents and other organizations host proms that reflect those desires. These public schools are certainly aware of this potential and likely outcome and, by refusing to sponsor integrated and openly welcoming proms, they implicitly support segregated private proms.

The notion that sexual orientation is not the same as behavior means that _____. someone who has a romantic relationship with someone of the same sex is gay people always behave in line with their identities sometimes people who identify as gay or lesbian have heterosexual romantic relationships sexual behavior determines sexual identity

sometimes people who identify as gay or lesbian have heterosexual romantic relationships FEEDBACK: Sexual orientation is an identity people claim that reflects which genders they are romantically attracted to. Though this pattern of attraction exists on a continuum, most people identify as heterosexual or homosexual and our society encourages this either-or identity. Even though people may identify as heterosexual, they may engage in romantic relationships with same-gender people and not alter their identities.

genealogy

study of ancestry and family history

time use studies

surveys that collect data on how people spend their time during a sample period, such as a single day or week

At the top: The Superrich is caused by

the 1% has doubled in the past four decased

family wage

the amount necessary for a male earner to provide subsistence for his wife and children without them having to work for pay

The fact that American Indians, Latinos, and African Americans are about three times more likely to be poor than whites is evidence of

the concentration of poverty by race-ethnicity

The official poverty line (threshold) is based on what?

the cost of a government-determined "economy food plan" times three

When Irish immigrants arrived in the United States in large number sin the mid-nineteenth century, they faced discrimination and poverty. By 1960, John F. Kennedy, an Irish American, was elected president. This is an example of assimilation, the process by which...

the distinction between immigrants and mainstream society is gradually reduced

When Irish immigrants arrived in the United States in large numbers in the mid-nineteenth century, they faced discrimination and poverty. By 1960, John F. Kennedy, an Irish American, was elected president. This is an example of assimilation, the process by which

the distinction between immigrants and mainstream society is gradually reduced

When Irish immigrants arrived in the United States in large numbers in the mid-nineteenth century, they faced discrimination and poverty. By 1960, John F. Kennedy, an Irish-American, was elected president. This is an example of assimilation, the process by which

the distinction between immigrants and mainstream society is gradually reduced.

Since the 1970s, what has happened to the education earnings gap?

the gap between college graduates and high school graduates earnings has increased

Which two lines of thought have framed much of the research on black family life and family structure?

the impact of slavery and family resilience

Contrary to popular beliefs about the degree to which women's menstrual cycles govern their moods, research has found that women's moods vary more depending on the day of the week than on the time of the month. This is an example of _____. the importance of social influences on biology evolution survival of the fittest the sexual double standard

the importance of social influences on biology FEEDBACK: This is one example of how biological forces often operate in the background and are influenced by social constructs (in this case the designation of workdays and weekends). The evolutionary perspective argues that human behavior is instinctive or based in biology so that any common behavior or inequality must be for the good of the species. If that is true, then it could be argued that rape, murder, and infanticide are acceptable behaviors.

market

the institutional arena where labor for pay, economic exchange, and wealth accumulation take place.

family arena

the institutional arena where people practice intimacy, childbearing and socialization, and caring work.

Which of the following best explains the decline in marriage among African Americans in the last several decades?

the lack of suitable marriage partners available for women

personal family

the people to whom we feel related and who we expect to define us as members of their family as well

What is the most common form of birth control women in the United States use today? Depo-Provera injections condoms intrauterine devices the pill

the pill FEEDBACK: Of women of child-bearing age (15 to 44), 82 percent have used the pill.

socialization

the process by which individuals internalize elements of the social structure in their own personalities

According to your textbook, what is exploitation?

the process by which the labor of some procedures wealth for others

According to your textbook, what is exploitation?

the process by which the labor of some produces wealth for others

Jarrod O'Reilly's favorite holiday is St. Patrick's Day, since he is of Irish descent. He wears green, throws a big party, and even drinks green beer. But for the rest of the year, Jarrod does not think much about his Irish background, illustrating

the sometimes voluntary nature of ethnicity.

life course perspective

the study of family trajectories of individuals and groups as they progress through their lives, in social and historical context

demographic perspective

the study of how family behavior and household structures contribute to larger population processes

bias

the tendency to impose previously held views on the collection and interpretation of facts

One explanation for the increase in the percentage of people who have sexual intercourse before marriage is _____. people are having sex at much younger ages than they used to the typical age of first marriage has increased and married people had sex when they were younger most people expect their spouses to be sexually experienced the increase is actually misunderstood

the typical age of first marriage has increased and married people had sex when they were younger FEEDBACK: As the age at first marriage has increased, people marry after having sex in their late teens and early 20s (some of them with their eventual marriage partners).

conflict perspective

the view that opposition and conflict define a given society and are necessary for social evolution

consensus—structural functionalism example

the wives care for home and family, allowing the husbands to work for pay. The husbands, in turn, have the power in the family as a result of their economic support.

Recently, some governments have begun to legally recognize that

there are more than two possible genders

A reporter is writing an article about social mobility in the United States. As a sociologist, you advise her that

there is little substantial upward social mobility

Juanita and La'Mon, who are both divorced, are a cohabitating couple with two teenage children, one from each of their respective previous marriages. If someone were to ask them why they choose to cohabitate rather than marry, they would most likely say

they see cohabitation as a long-term and less risky substitute for marriage

Which of the following explain why the poor have had a difficult time moving out of poverty? Choose all that apply.

they tend to be single-parent families (which are usually headed by women), the value of the federal minimum wage has declined significantly over the last 40 years

A large study of college students found that the majority reported hooking up how many times? zero three or fewer four or more 10 or more

three or fewer FEEDBACK: This study found that about three-quarters of students said they had ever hooked up and over half of students reported hooking up three or fewer times or not at all.

Researchers survey family members on how many hours per week they spend doing various tasks or ask them to keep a diary of what they do every 30 minutes over an entire day over a period of a week.

time use studies

the term doing gender refers to

turning sex categories into gender identities through personal interactions

The dating habits of a mid-1950s college woman who went on multiple dates each week and dated five different men in a month would be viewed as _____. unlikely to lead to marriage typical compared to her peers likely to lead to promiscuous behavior unusual compared to her peers

typical compared to her peers FEEDBACK: Numerous partners and several dates each week were typical for college women in the mid-1950s. Strong social scripts were associated with dating and sexual intimacy, which may have supported this formal dating system.

Love that is practical and rational is called _________, whereas love that is spontaneous and passionate is considered ___________. traditional/ romantic utilitarian/ romantic romantic/ utilitarian utilitarian/ traditional

utilitarian/ romantic FEEDBACK: Utilitarian love is the practical, rational dedication of one person to another based on shared understanding and emotional commitment. The passionate devotion and attraction one person feels for another is called romantic love.

The two assumptions required for Gary Becker's marriage market concept are that marriages must be __________ and there must be __________ for spouses.

voluntary; competition

According to Cohen's book, family wage refers to the

wage necessary for a male earner to provide for his wife and children

According to Cohen's book, family wage refers to the...

wage necessary for a male earner to provide for his wife and children

permitted wives and children of World War II and Korean War veterans to immigrate

war brides act 1945

What do some sociologists, such as Andrew Cherlin, say is associated with a growth of individualism?

weaker marriage bonds

Encouraged by the federal government, many states instituted rigorous abstinence-only education programs in schools in the mid-1990s to the late 2000s. Students who took "virginity pledges" to accompany these programs _____. were less likely to have premarital sex were less likely to use birth control when they had sex were more likely to use birth control when they had sex waited to have sex until they were married

were less likely to use birth control when they had sex FEEDBACK: Studies of abstinence-only education have shown that they do not affect the sexual behavior of teenagers. Some students were encouraged by religious leaders to take "virginity pledges." While they promised not to have sex until they were married, many did not keep the pledge and when they did have sex they were less likely to use birth control than students who did not take a pledge.

What example does the animated "Story Behind the Numbers" infographic offer for one way that market and state forces might intersect to shape family life?

when the government makes rules to regulate child-care facilities

What example does the animated Story Behind the Numbers infographic offer for one way that the market and state forces might intersect to shape family life?

when the government makes rules to regulate child-care facilities

Families began having fewer children in the nineteenth century. Which of the following was NOT a contributor to this change?

widely available information about birth control

The lower age of marriage in the 1950s and the growing economy pushed employers to change their policy of hiring

women only if they were single.