Sociology quiz 3

Which of the following statements about culture is true?

All of these statements about culture are true.

How is a subculture different from a counterculture?

Both are distinct from mainstream culture, but a counterculture actively opposes important aspects of the mainstream.

Which of the following statements about norms is false?

Both of these are false statements.

T/F Cultural relativism and ethnocentrism are extremely similar concepts.

False

Which of the following is true concerning ideal culture and real culture?

Real culture in ideal culture clash with each other at times

How is the study of culture different for sociologists than for anthropologists?

Sociologists usually study a culture they belong to.

In many Middle Eastern countries, showing someone the bottom of your American military personnel stationed in the Middle East had to be instructed to keep their feet inside helicopters flying low. Why was this instruction needed?

The meaning of gestures is not universal.

In an academic honors society, everyone would probably agree that getting "straight A's" in school is a worthwhile cause. Why?

These are values of the group.

Why do ethnocentric people tend to view other cultures as abnormal?

They use their own culture as a standard of judgment.

Which of the following is not true of technological change?

When sociologists discuss technology and technological change. they are referring to electronic technology alone, and not to other tools to reshape our material and cultural environments.

A subculture is:

a group within society that is differentiated by its distinctive values, norms, and lifestyle.

Which of the following is a way to suspend one's own ethnocentrism, at least temporarily?

adopting cultural relativism

Which of the following is an example of a sanction?

all of these...child being put into time-out, a smile ,speeding ticket

According to sociologists, what are signs?

anything designed to meaningfully represent something else

During the American occupation of Japan following World War II, the Japanese observed soldiers playing baseball and later adopted it as one of their favorite pastimes. This is an example of:

cultural diffusion.

The spread of McDonald's restaurants throughout Asia is an example of:

cultural diffusion.

A student who tries to objectively analyze the food that the people of a different culture eat is using:

cultural relativism.

The ability to understand another culture in terms of its own norms and values, without to any other cultural standards is called:

cultural relativism.

Let's say you go on a study abroad program with classmates this summer. When you get off the plane in a different country, some of your friends start making fun of the locals because the way they dressed is "ridiculous". What behavior are they exhibiting

ethnocentrism

What is the tendency to use your own group's way of doing things as the yardstick for judging others called?

ethnocentrism

A person wearing sandals while dressed in a suit is likely violating

folkway.

Norms that are not strictly enforced, such as etiquette in the cafeteria and the dress code for class, are referred to as:

folkways.

Which of the following is clearly an example of a taboo in American society?

incest

The article "Body Ritual Among the Nacirema" is useful to sociologists because:

it challenges people's inability to observe their own cultures.

Cultural groups have physical objects that are collectively known as that group's:

material culture.

In America, a married man who has several mistresses is violating a ______but if he is married to more than one woman at the same time he is violating a_________

more; law

A perspective that values diverse racial, ethnic, national, and linguistic backgrounds and encourages the retention of cultural differences within society is called:

multiculturalism.

Countercultural groups like the hippies of the 1960s:

rejected the norms of the dominant culture.

If you are trying to get your friends to conform to your values and norms, and increase social cohesion amongst your group members, the formal and informal mechanisms you might use called:

social control.

Which of the following lists norms in order from the most severely enforced to the least?

taboos, mores, folkways

Marijuana laws over the course of U.S. history illustrate:

that norms change over time and across contexts, and that changes in such norms are not always predictable.

Which of the following would be considered a counterculture?

the Black Panthers

It might be hard for you to picture an animal called a "gato" if you don't speak Spanish. The idea that language structures our thoughts and influences our way of looking at the world is called:

the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.

Which of the following is least likely to be considered a subculture in the United States?

white males

If you get a ticket for because:

you broke a law.