Sociology Quiz 3 Ch 6 and 7

What system of stratification is commonly used in modern capitalist societies?

social class

What school of social thought insists that all social structures, including systems of stratification, are built out of everyday interactions?

symbolic interactionism

Symbolic interactionists stress the way we make "snap judgments" about other people's class statuses. We often pay close attention to what cues we display since we are aware that other people are judging us. Given this, why did Paul Fussell decide to measure class status with a "living room scale" rather than assessing some other part of the house?

the living room is where we receive guests

How do observers determine someone's socioeconomic status when meeting him or her for the first time?

their speech and gestures

Which is true of social mobility in a caste system?

there is little or no chance of a person changing their position in the social hierarchy

How do self-fulfilling prophecies work?

we respond not only to the objective features of a situation but also to its meaning. Once meaning has been assigned to our behavior, the consequences of that behavior are determined by the meaning

What sort of jobs can support a middle-class lifestyle in America today?

white collar jobs (technical/ lower management)

What is true of the upper class in the United States today?

?

How do sociologists define positive deviance?

actions considered deviant within a given context but are later reinterpreted as appropriate or even heroic

Poverty can be defined in either relative or absolute terms. How is poverty defined according to relative deprivation?

by comparing the poor to more affluent members of society

What do sociologists call awareness of our own and others' class statuses?

class consciousness

What would sociologists consider the best definition of deviance to be?

violations of social norms

What is the Uniform Crime Report (UCR)?

an official measure of crime in the United States, produced by the FBI's official tabulation of every crime reported by more than 17,000 law enforcement agencies

What sorts of jobs are usually available to members of the lower-middle class?

blue collar jobs/ manual labor

What theory argues that punishments for rule violators are unequally distributed, with those near the top of society subject to more lenient rules and sanctions than those at the bottom?

conflict theory

Which theory suggests crimes committed by the upper classes are typically treated more leniently than crimes committed by the lower classes because laws represent the interests of those in power?

conflict theory

What do we call norm violations that are codified into law?

crimes

What are the tastes, habits, and expectations called that children "inherit" or learn from their parents and that help to achieve material success in life?

cultural capital

Some people utilize social media as an enhanced form of condescending attacks known as:

cyber bullying

What must a behavior, trait, or belief do in order to be considered deviant?

depart from a norm and generate a negative reaction

How would you best describe how deviance can be explained from the functionalist perspective?

deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms

The idea that individuals learn to be deviant by interacting with others who are already deviant is called:

differential association theory

The tendency to choose romantic partners based on similarities in background and group membership is called:

homogamy

Robert Merton's typology of deviance outlines the strain that people experience as they attempt to access cultural goals through legitimate, institutionalized means. In which of the following categories would gangsters and con artists be found?

innovation

Under what circumstances does a deviant label transition from primary to secondary deviance?

is internalized